RU2346716C2 - Method of evacuation from multi-storey building and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation; rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of evacuation from a multi-storey building employs an evacuation capsule. The evacuation capsule has seats with belts and airbags. The evacuation capsule is carried into an external chute, running in a helical line around the building. Workers take their positions and start lowering the capsule. Those seating in front control the capsule and regulate its speed by pressing brake pedals.

EFFECT: increased reliability and efficiency of evacuating people from tall buildings in case of emergency and non-use of internal paths to exits.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means of saving people in emergency situations, in particular for the evacuation of people from multi-story buildings.

A known method of emergency evacuation and a device for its implementation. The evacuation method is carried out by sliding down the tubular rescue sleeve, stored in the form of a compact package located on the top floor of the building [Pat. 2243013, Russia. Evacuation system from high-rise buildings]. The package contains a sleeve consisting of sections made of sheet material hardened by a rigid support element extending around the periphery, a first tension cable, means for selectively pushing and deploying the sleeve along the first tension cable down to ground level, means for attaching the first tension cable to Removing a motionless object. The first tension cable is stretched along the sleeve and freely passes along the sleeve along its upper generatrix through appropriate means attached to the supporting elements, and is the only holding means of the sleeve. Means for the free passage of the tension cable are ears. This technical solution provides a simple and reliable design of a tubular sleeve, in which a tension cable is used as the sole holding means of the sleeve. The disadvantage of this method of emergency evacuation and a device for its implementation is the low reliability due to the fact that the tension cable is the only holding means of the sleeve.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention (prototype) is a device and method for emergency evacuation from high-rise buildings (options) [Pat. 2271238, Russia. The device and method for emergency evacuation from high-rise buildings (options)]. The proposed solution relates to rescue equipment, namely to devices and methods for group evacuation of people from high-rise buildings in emergency situations. The device contains an evacuation capsule with a parachute, angled guides on which the capsule is placed. The evacuation capsule is made with doorways, seats with belts and airbags, windows. The capsule contains a self-locking system, and part of the bottom of the capsule is a plate-anchor, made with the possibility of its separation from the capsule and lowering on cables. According to a second embodiment of the device, the capsule is equipped with a winch for selecting the cables connecting the capsule to the anchor plate; according to the third, the winch for selecting the cables connecting the capsule with the anchor plate is equipped with an anchor plate. According to another embodiment, the device comprises an air sleeve fixed to the guide cables, connected at one end to an evacuation capsule, and at the other end to a fan. When the fan is working, the capsule is extended by filling the air in the air sleeve, while the evacuation capsule, air sleeve and fan are located in the ground structure, the capsule is equipped with a parachute and a self-braking system. Methods of emergency evacuation from high-rise buildings and from a television tower using these devices are also proposed. This technical solution provides the effective evacuation of a large number of people in emergency situations.

The disadvantages of the known device and method are the dependence on the speed of deployment of rescue services, the reliability of the parachute and the air sleeve on the guide cables, as well as the irrationality of using a bulky and complex structure to evacuate a small number of people during the rapid development of an accident.

The invention solves the problem of improving the reliability and efficiency of evacuating people from high-rise buildings when there is a danger to their life or health and the inability to use the internal routes to move to the exits.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the known device containing an evacuation capsule, angled guides on which the capsule is placed, made with seats, with belts and airbags, according to the invention, the evacuation capsule is made of a double or triple portable, sliding, streamlined shape with brake system, and auxiliary external structures that form the guide plane are made in a helical line around the structure on which the descent capsule is located sliding chute with a smooth surface of closed sheath external impact, the brake pedal and is made of a pad is pressed against the sliding surface. Auxiliary exterior structures are made of a light frame, forming a guide plane along a helical line around the structure, with a gutter with a smooth sliding surface.

The method of evacuation from multi-story buildings is that they use an evacuation capsule made with seats, with belts and airbags, according to the invention, workers transfer the evacuation capsule to the outer gutter, lower the capsule into the gutter located along a helical line around the building, take their places, start the descent, those sitting in front control the capsule and adjust the speed by pressing the brake pedal.

Figure 1 shows a general view of the building from the side from above (a - without window frames and top cover, b - with window frames and top cover), figure 2 - general view of auxiliary exterior structures (a - longitudinal view, b - transverse view ), in Fig.3 - evacuation capsule (a - side view from the rear, b - profile view, c - side views from the front).

The building for the placement of chemical industries contains: the walls of the building (figure 1); the base of the auxiliary exterior structures 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2); transparent fence 3 (figures 1 and 2); a roof over the chute 4 (figures 1 and 2); flooring 5 (figure 1); the foundation of the building 6 (figure 1); the top cover of the building 7 (figure 1); the roof of the building 8 (figure 1); the Central bearing cylinder 9 (figure 1); lowering the evacuation capsule chute 10 (figure 2); capsule seat 11 (FIG. 3); brake pedal 12 (figure 3); a sliding lock of the position of the capsule in the groove 13 (figure 3); brake pads of the capsule 14 (figure 3).

The method and device for emergency evacuation from multi-story buildings are as follows. In the event of an emergency, when the stay of personnel inside the building becomes dangerous, and the internal evacuation routes become blocked, it is necessary to use external routes. The present invention provides that workers take an easily transportable evacuation capsule having the required number of seats with seat belts and airbags and advance towards the outer gutter. The capsule is then lowered into a gutter located along a helical line around the building, and the staff takes their places. Seated in front control the capsule, changing the speed by pressing the brake pedal.

The following system of forces acts on a descending evacuation capsule

,

,

- сила тяжести, действующая на капсулу вместе с пассажирами;Where

- gravity acting on the capsule along with passengers;

- сила трения капсулы о поверхность желоба;

- friction force of the capsule on the surface of the gutter;

- сила сопротивления воздуха движению капсулы;

- strength of air resistance to movement of the capsule;

- реакция поверхности желоба на движущуюся капсулу;

- the reaction of the surface of the gutter to a moving capsule;

m is the mass of the capsule along with the passengers;

- ускорение движения капсулы.

- acceleration of the movement of the capsule.

Thus, the invention allows, in comparison with the prototype:

1) increase the responsiveness to the danger that has arisen, since the time from receiving an alarm to using a rescue device is minimal;

2) accelerate the descent, since the smooth surface of the gutter will provide good gliding of the capsule;

3) to simplify the descent control, since the speed developed naturally due to the action of gravity is regulated by simply pressing the brake pedal;

4) to increase the safety of the descent, since the descent is carried out by reliably mounted structures.

Thus, the device and method for emergency evacuation from multi-storey buildings allows for quick and safe evacuation of personnel, which can be used to save people from various multi-storey buildings.

Claims (3)

1. The method of evacuation from multi-story buildings, which consists in using an evacuation capsule made with seats with seat belts and airbags, characterized in that the workers transfer the evacuation capsule to the outer gutter, lower the capsule into the gutter located along a helical line around the building, take their places, start the descent, those sitting in front control the capsule and adjust the speed by pressing the brake pedal. 2. An evacuation device from multi-story buildings, including an evacuation capsule, angled guides on which the capsule is placed, made with seats with seat belts and airbags, characterized in that the evacuation capsule is made in double or triple, portable, sliding, streamlined with a brake system, and auxiliary external structures forming a guide plane are made along a helical line around the structure on which the capsule-lowering gutter with a smooth kolzyaschey surface closed by external impact shell. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the brake system is made of a pedal and pads pressed against a sliding surface.

Images