RU2346020C1 - Base for petroleum emulsol and method of its obtaining - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: present invention is concerned with emulsifiers and may be used for preparation of petroleum emulsols and then crude-oil emulsions that are used in oil industry for increasing production rate. The base for petroleum emulsol is wax-naphthenic fraction. It is obtained by rectification of hydrocracking kerosene oil - the product with congelation temperature - 55-65°C and boiling point temperature 210-230°C. According to the method of above base obtaining hydrocracking kerosene oil undergoes rectification. The process is performed at low pressure or atmosphere pressure. This invention has been developed within subclaims.

EFFECT: decreasing of congelation temperature at increasing of base boiling point temperature, improving of emulsol homogeneity and heat stability, increasing of emulsion capacity to improve reservoir production rate and water-intake capacity of wells.

6 cl, 4 ex, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to emulsifiers and can be used in the preparation of oil emulsions, and then oil emulsions, used in the oil industry to increase oil recovery.

From the patent 2230900 (RU IPC ⁷ Е21В 43/32, publ. 2004.06.20) the basis of the bitumen emulsion contained in the reagent for increasing oil recovery is known. The base is a dispersion of bitumen.

The disadvantage of using a petroleum bitumen product is the low processability associated with the high viscosity of the product and the difficulty of preparing formulations based on it in field conditions, the need to use hydrocarbon solvents.

From patents 2153576 (RU IPK ⁷ ЕВВ 43/22, publ. 07/27/2000.) And 2110675 (RU IPK ⁶ C09K 7/02, publ. 05/10/1998.) A base is known - a liquid hydrocarbon, which is used to prepare invert emulsion compositions used for processing oil reservoirs.

As a liquid hydrocarbon, a hexane fraction is used - a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons C ₆ -C ₈ and above, which is a by-product of petrochemical industries (TU 3810381-77). The hexane fraction is a clear liquid. Density at 20 ° C 0.69-0.73 g / cm ³ , viscosity at 20 ° C 0.57 cSt: fractional composition: boiling point 32 ° C, boiling point 110 ° C. In addition to the hexane fraction, it is proposed to use straight-run or stable gasoline, gas condensate, diesel fuel, as well as low-viscosity oils.

The emulsion compositions of the patent 2110675 (RU IPC ⁶ C09K 7/02, publ. 10.05.1998.) Have a fairly high oil displacing ability.

However, known hydrocarbons are low-boiling products, and the invert emulsions obtained on their basis have insufficiently high thermal stability. The latter leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the composition when applied to oil fields with a high temperature of the reservoir (70-80 ° C) and a decrease in the duration of the positive effect of the treatment of the oil reservoir.

The technical result of the invention according to patent 2153576 (RU IPC ⁷ ЕВВ 43/22, publ. 07.27.2000.) Is to increase the thermal stability of the invert emulsion while maintaining its oil-displacing properties.

The disadvantages of the known basis for oil emulsol are also in the low boiling point, which is associated with fire and explosion hazard and environmental problems in its implementation.

From the patent 2135754 (RU IPC ⁶ ЕВВ 43/22, publ. 08.27.1999.) The emulsion base is known, which is used in the process of processing the bottom-hole zone of an oil reservoir in order to increase oil recovery. The following liquid hydrocarbons are used as a base:

- liquid pyrolysis products of the fraction 85-230 ° C and 85-270 ° C, obtained according to TU 88.402-62-144-93;

- liquid pyrolysis products, oil resins of type E for export, obtained according to TU 38.402-62-130-92;

- fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene fraction obtained according to TU 38.103579-85;

- diesel fuel obtained in accordance with GOST 305-82;

- hexane fraction obtained according to TU 38.10381-83;

- fraction of broad light hydrocarbons obtained according to TU 38.101524-83.

A method of obtaining the above products using known technologies includes a rectification process.

The technical result consists in facilitating the extraction of oil, leveling the injectivity profile of the bottomhole zone and increasing the coverage of the formation by impact.

The disadvantages of the known products are the fire hazard and environmental problems when using highly aromatized volatile hydrocarbons.

From the patent (prototype) 2126884 (RU IPC ⁶ Е21В 43/22, publ. 02.27.1999) the basis of the composition for processing oil reservoirs is known, which is a liquid hydrocarbon, which is used as a fraction of hydrocarbons obtained in primary and secondary oil refining processes known rectification technologies. Fractions include 15% or more of aromatic hydrocarbons.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the composition in the conditions of mineralized formation water and increased viscosity of oil and increasing oil recovery.

The disadvantages of the known framework are:

- high content of aromatic hydrocarbons,

- environmental pollution by volatile substances,

- fire and explosion hazard,

- environmental issues,

- low dissolution rate of the reagents in the preparation of emulsol.

The task of the considered group of inventions is:

- in expanding the range of bases for oil emulsols,

- in the development of a method of obtaining a base for oil emulsol, which is a low-solid and at the same time high-boiling liquid hydrocarbon,

- expanding the range of raw materials (oil emulsol base) for the preparation of high-tech - homogeneous, stable, low-setting emulsols suitable for use in regions with low temperatures and in winter.

The technical result of the group of inventions is:

- reducing the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the base,

- lowering the pour point and at the same time increasing the boiling point of the base,

- improving the uniformity, aggregative stability (stability) and thermal stability of the emulsol obtained on the basis under consideration,

- increasing the dissolution rate of the ingredients during the preparation of emulsol,

- increasing the ability of the emulsions obtained on the basis under consideration to increase oil recovery and well injectivity,

- prevention of fire and explosion safety of the work during the implementation of the framework under consideration,

- prevention of environmental pollution by volatile hydrocarbons,

- conducting the process of obtaining the basics in mild conditions.

The elimination of these drawbacks and the achievement of a technical result from the implementation of a base for petroleum emulsol, which is a fraction of hydrocarbons containing aromatic compounds, is achieved due to the fact that the base is a low-aromatic paraffin-naphthenic fraction - a low-temperature high-boiling product obtained by rectification of hydrocracked kerosene at low or atmospheric pressure.

The elimination of these drawbacks and the achievement of a technical result from the implementation of a method for obtaining a base for oil emulsol, including a rectification process, is achieved due to the fact that hydrocracked kerosene is used as a raw material, the rectification process is carried out at reduced or atmospheric pressure. The technological parameters of the rectification process are shown in tables 1, 2.

Table 1 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.800-0.834 T _kk , ° C 290 Technological parameters of the rectification process Pressure low atmospheric Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 50-220 200-500 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 170-200 100-250 Column pressure, mmHg 1,0-140 700-760 Temperature in a cube, ° С 150-350 200-450 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 30-100 100-210 Reflux ratio 0.5-6.0 0.5-10.0

table 2 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.800-0.834 T _kk , ° C 290-310 Technological parameters of the rectification process Pressure low atmospheric Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 50-220 200-500 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 170-200 100-250 Column pressure, mmHg 1,0-140 700-760 Temperature in a cube, ° С 150-350 200-450 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 30-100 100-210 Reflux ratio 0.5-6.0 0.5-10.0

The liquid hydrocarbon obtained as a result of rectification of hydrocracking kerosene is a low-temperature high-boiling product, which practically does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and is a paraffin-naphthenic fraction. This is a transparent liquid with the following physicochemical parameters: density at 20 ° C. 0.800-0.850 g / cm ³ , kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C 2.0-3.5 mm ² / s, flash point in a closed crucible 75-80 ° C, pour point minus 55 - minus 65 ° C, mass fraction of sulfonated hydrocarbons 2-5%, fractional composition: boiling point within 210-230 ° C.

A comparative analysis of the prototype and the subject invention shows that the base for emulsol is a hydrocarbon fraction containing aromatic compounds.

Common to the methods of obtaining the basis is the process of rectification.

A distinctive feature of the inventive base for emulsol is that the base is a low-aromatic paraffin-naphthenic fraction - a low-temperature high-boiling product obtained by rectification of hydrocracked kerosene under reduced or atmospheric pressure.

The resulting base, which is a liquid hydrocarbon, practically does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and is a paraffin-naphthenic fraction. This is a transparent liquid with the following physicochemical parameters: density at 20 ° C 0.800-0.850 g / cm ³ , kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C 2.0-3.5 mm ² / s, flash point in a closed crucible 75-80 ° C, pour point minus 55 - minus 65 ° C, mass fraction of sulfonated hydrocarbons 2-5%, fractional composition: boiling point within 210-230 ° C.

A distinctive feature of the method for producing the base is that hydrocracking kerosene is used as a raw material, the rectification process is carried out in a continuous column at reduced or atmospheric pressure, with the technological parameters shown in tables 1, 2.

The implementation of the considered group of inventions and the possibility of obtaining the claimed technical result is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

The technological process for the production of the base for oil emulsol is implemented in one stage. It includes rectification of hydrocracking kerosene on a continuous vacuum column. Heated kerosene is fed to the top of the first collet of the packed column, in which reduced pressure is maintained. The columns of the column are filled with a Sulzer nozzle, which is a cylindrical packet of corrugated metal mesh. This nozzle is well wetted by irrigation fluid and evenly distributes it. A characteristic feature of this nozzle is high resistance to chemical attack, low hydraulic resistance to gas flow and high mechanical strength.

The creation of a steam stream in the column is carried out by boiling bottoms liquid in a cube-evaporator. Vapors of the liquid heated to boiling, rising up the column through the nozzle, come into contact with the raw material, which is in the form of a liquid phase and flows counterflow. As a result of heat and mass transfer from the top of the column, vapor containing a low boiling fraction (head fraction) enters the reflux condenser, which, condensing in the reflux condenser cooled by industrial water, flows from it to the reflux divider. Of the latter, part of them is fed up to the column for irrigation, and the other part, additionally cooled, is sent to the head fraction collector. The amount of reflux supplied for irrigation is regulated by the reflux number, which is set by the reflux divider.

The vacuum in the system is created by a vacuum pump. Hydrocarbon vapors trapped in the vacuum line are condensed in the refrigerator and accumulated in the collector. Hydrocarbon vapors that are not condensed in the refrigerator are additionally captured in a drop eliminator, which is cooled with water.

The technological parameters of the rectification process are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.815 T _kk , ° C 290 Technological parameters of the rectification process Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 135 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 180 Column pressure, mmHg 70 Temperature in a cube, ° С 250 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 65 Reflux ratio 3.25

From raw materials (hydrocracking kerosene) with a boiling point not exceeding 290 ° C, 60-65 vol.% Of the target product, the basis for petroleum emulsol, is isolated by distillation.

Example 2. According to example 1 with the difference that the rectification process is carried out at the parameters presented in table 4.

From raw materials (hydrocracking kerosene) with a boiling point above 290 ° C, 45-50 vol.% Of the target product, the basis for petroleum emulsol, is isolated by distillation.

Example 3. According to example 1 with the difference that the rectification process is carried out in a continuous column at atmospheric pressure. The parameters of the rectification process are presented in table 5.

In this case, from raw materials (hydrocracking kerosene) as a result of distillation, 60-65 vol.% Of the target product is isolated - the basis for petroleum emulsol.

Table 4 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.817 T _kk , ° C 300 Technological parameters of the rectification process Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 135 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 180 Column pressure, mmHg 50,0 Temperature in a cube, ° С 300 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 65 Reflux ratio 3.25

Table 5 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.815 T _kk , ° C 290 Technological parameters of the rectification process Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 350 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 180 Column pressure, mmHg 730 Temperature in a cube, ° С 325 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 155 Reflux ratio 5.25

Example 4. According to example 3 with the difference that the rectification process is carried out at the parameters presented in table 6.

Table 6 Raw materials hydrocracking kerosene Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 0.817 T _kk , ° C 300 Technological parameters of the rectification process Raw material consumption, dm ³ / hour 350 The temperature of the raw material, ° C 175 Column pressure, mmHg 730 Temperature in a cube, ° С 425 Phlegmy temperature, ° С 155 Reflux ratio 5.25

In this case, from raw materials (hydrocracking kerosene) as a result of distillation, 45-50 vol.% Of the target product is isolated - the basis for oil emulsol.

Obtained in the process of rectification of hydrocracking kerosene (examples 1-4), the base liquid hydrocarbon is a low-temperature high-boiling product that practically does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and is a paraffin-naphthenic fraction. This is a transparent liquid with the following physicochemical parameters: density at 20 ° C 0.800-0.850 g / cm ³ , kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C 2.0-3.5 mm ² / s, flash point in a closed crucible 75-80 ° C, pour point minus 55 - minus 65 ° C, mass fraction of sulfonated hydrocarbons 2-5%, fractional composition: boiling point within 210-230 ° C.

This highly thermostable base is used for the preparation of petroleum emulsol. The resulting emulsol is characterized by good fluidity, aggregate stability during storage and operation (does not delaminate during storage for 20 days), low pour point, uniformity, good organoleptic properties. In the preparation of emulsol, a high dissolution rate of components is observed, which are quickly (easily) and evenly distributed over the weight of the base. In comparison with analogues, the dissolution rate of ingredients increases by 10-15%. The proposed base and prepared with its use emulsol suitable for implementation in a wide temperature range, because at the same time they are high-boiling and low-hardening products. The implementation of the base and high-tech emulsol is not associated with explosion and fire hazard.

The emulsion prepared from emulsol on the proposed basis, maintains stability for 48 hours, which ensures compliance with the stability time and the necessary time for its injection into the reservoir. The use of an emulsion for treating an oil reservoir improves its oil recovery and improves well injectivity.

Implementation of the described method of obtaining a base for oil emulsol allows to obtain a significant yield (45-65 vol.%) Of low-aromatized target low-temperature, high-boiling product with improved viscosity-temperature characteristics and to expand the assortment of raw materials for producing oil emulsol well demanded with high quality. The base under consideration for oil emulsol ensures the manufacturability of emulsol. This product is more environmentally friendly, because It has a rather high boiling point. Low pour point provides the possibility of its implementation in the northern regions and in the winter.

The technological parameters of the rectification process allow it to be carried out on existing equipment of existing plants.

Characteristics of emulsol obtained using the claimed framework and prototype are shown in table 7.

Table 7 Emulsol Freezing temperature, ° С Flash point, ° С The duration of dissolution of the components, min Storage stability, day Organoleptic properties The inventive (contains 80-85% of the base base) 40-65 75-80 51-81 twenty Slight organic smell Prototype Do not measure Do not measure 60-90 10 Pungent odor of aromatic hydrocarbons

Claims (6)

1. The basis for petroleum emulsol, which is a liquid hydrocarbon, characterized in that it is a paraffin-naphthenic fraction obtained by distillation of hydrocracking kerosene, a product with a freezing point of 55-65 ° C and a boiling point of 210-230 ° C. 2. The base according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocracking kerosene has a density at 20 ° C. of 0.800-0.834 g / cm ³ and a boiling point of 290-310 ° C. 3. The base according to claim 1, characterized in that said product has parameters: density at 20 ° C. 0.800-0.850 g / cm ³ , kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C 2.0-3.5 mm ² / s, flash point in a closed crucible 75-80 ° C. 4. A method of obtaining a base for petroleum emulsol, including rectification, characterized in that the rectification is subjected to hydrocracking kerosene at reduced or atmospheric pressure to obtain a paraffin-naphthenic fraction - a product with a freezing point of 55-65 ° C and a boiling point of 210-230 ° FROM. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydrocracking kerosene has a density at 20 ° C of 0.800-0.834 g / cm ³ and a boiling point of 290-310 ° C. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure is 1.0-140.0 and 700-760 mm Hg, at reduced pressure the flow rate of said kerosene is 50-220 dm ³ / h, the temperature of said kerosene 170 -200 ° C, during distillation, the temperature in the cube is 150-350 ° C, the reflux temperature is 30-100 ° C, the reflux ratio is 0.5-6.0, and at atmospheric pressure the flow of said kerosene is 200-500 dm ³ / h , the temperature of the specified kerosene is 100-250 ° C, the temperature in the cube is 200-450 ° C, the reflux temperature is 100-210 ° C, the reflux number is 0.5-10.0.