RU2345839C1 - Gravity concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering; mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: gravity concentrator includes a conical chamber with downward facing cone vertex, a central pulp charging tube, which can rotate in said chamber, a nozzle to supply water into lower part of said chamber, and containers to collect light and heavy fractions of material. Concentrator is equipped with a perforated conveyor worm, which is rigidly connected with said central tube and provides for bottom-up pulp transfer within chamber. Nozzle is positioned coaxially with said central tube to create loosening fluid flow, which passes through splitter and filter in the direction opposite to that of the pulp delivered from said tube.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of valuable heavy fraction extraction, improved concentrator throughput.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of enrichment of gold-bearing and rare-metal raw materials, and can also be used to extract valuable high-density minerals.

A device for separating particles in an upward flow of water, containing a conical chamber facing the top of the cone down, a unit for supplying the source material into the chamber, sources of its hydrodynamic and vibrational loosening, a container for collecting concentrate [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of separation of fine particles by their density due to the large difference in the flow velocities along the height of the chamber and the damping of oscillations from sources.

Known gravity concentrator containing a perforated conical chamber located with the top of the cone down, a central pulp loading tube placed rotatably in the chamber, a material disperser made in the form of needles fixed to the pipe, a nozzle for supplying water to the lower part of the chamber, and containers for collecting light and heavy fractions of the material [2]. This device is taken by us as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is that a turbulent mode of pulp flow is formed in the chamber under the influence of lateral hydrodynamic pressure created by the supply of water through the holes in the chamber and the pressure created by the supply of loosening water from above to the top of the cone in the area of heavy fraction accumulation. In addition, in this device there is no possibility of continuous unloading of light large fractions during its operation.

The objective of the invention is to provide effective extraction of a valuable component from the source material through the use of the process of segregation-diffusion separation of the heavy and light fractions of the material in the fluidized bed.

This is achieved by the fact that the concentrator is gravitational, containing a conical chamber located with the top of the cone down, a central pulp loading tube placed in the chamber with the possibility of rotation, a nozzle for supplying water to the lower part of the chamber, and containers for collecting light and heavy fractions of the material, additionally equipped with perforated a screw in the form of a helicoid, rigidly connected to the Central pipe and providing the movement of the pulp from the bottom up inside the camera, and the nozzle is located coaxially with the Central pipe, creating sweat ok loosening fluid in countercurrent to the movement of pulp from the pipe.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the gravitational concentrator, figure 2 is a section along aa camera.

The gravitational concentrator consists of a conical shaped chamber 1, located with the top of the cone down, a hopper 2, into which the source material and water are fed, creating a pulp with a given ratio T: G, funnel 3, and a central loading pipe 4 rotatably placed in the chamber, which the pulp enters the chamber 1, of the perforated screw 5 in the form of a helicoid, rigidly connected to the pipe and allowing the pulp to move from bottom to top inside the chamber 1, two containers 6, 7 for collecting light and heavy fractions and a feeding device loosening water in countercurrent to the movement of the pulp from a pipe including a nozzle 8, a divider 9 with a filter 10. The central pipe 4 is mounted on the frame 11 by means of spokes 12 and bearings 13, and its rotation is provided using, for example, motor 14, gearbox 15, belt drive 16 and the conical pair 17. The output of the light fraction from the chamber 1 is carried out in the container 6 through the annular groove 18, and the heavy fraction in the container 7 through the outlet 19 and the valve 20.

The gravitational concentrator works as follows.

The source material, for example, in the form of a sludge product and water is fed into the hopper 2 with a given ratio T: W, depending on the particle size distribution of the source material. The resulting pulp flows from the hopper 2 into the chamber 1 through the funnel 3 and the central pipe 4. The pipe outlet is located at a fixed distance from the top of the cone, sufficient for the accumulation of a layer of concentrate. To fill the chamber 1 with the source material to a predetermined level, the screw 5 is rotated at a predetermined frequency. Then, in countercurrent to the movement of the pulp from the pipe 4, loosening water is supplied from the nozzle 8 through the divider 9 and the filter 10 into the chamber 1 in an amount that ensures the transition from the compacted to the fluidized state of the material. As a result of this, the heavy fraction of the material is diffused from top to bottom and deposited in the accumulation zone of the concentrate, and the light fraction is moved from bottom to top and accumulated in the upper part of chamber 1. In this case, the rotational movement of the screw prevents the formation of channels in which the material is transferred from the fluidized compacted condition. The presence of holes in the auger allows heavy particles to diffuse throughout the chamber 1 into its lower part — the concentrate accumulation zone. During the operation of the concentrator, the light fraction is discharged from the chamber 1 through the annular groove 18 into the container 6, and the heavy fraction is discharged into the container 7 through the outlet 19 and the valve 20.

Thus, the above-described gravitational concentrator allows continuous unloading of the light fraction and unloading of the heavy fraction, as well as creating a laminar flow of pulp and increasing the permeability of the material for the deposition of fine and colloidal heavy particles in the entire chamber volume, which allows to increase the performance of the concentrator up to 1.5% and increase the efficiency of extracting valuable heavy fractions from the source material up to 95%.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 3797436, CL. B03B 5/60 dated 06/10/1976

2. RF patent No. 2246996, cl. B03B 5/62 of December 25, 2002 (prototype)

Claims (1)

Gravity concentrator containing a conical shaped chamber located with the top of the cone down, a central pulp loading tube placed rotatably in the chamber, a nozzle for supplying water to the lower part of the chamber, and containers for collecting light and heavy fractions of the material, characterized in that it is equipped with a perforated screw in the form of a helicoid, rigidly connected to the central tube and providing pulp movement from the bottom up inside the chamber, and the nozzle is located coaxially with the central tube, creating a flow loosening her fluid in countercurrent to the movement of pulp from the pipe.

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