RU2345347C2 - Method of determination of protective properties of air clearing system using technology of short-cycle heatless adsorption, from physiologically active substances of general toxic activity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, measuring.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used at air examination in industrial premises. With physiologically-active substances (PAS) of the general toxic activity shape intermixture of air in the container-carrier using the method of purge of drained air over the PAS stratum. Spot the PAS concentration on an exit of system of clearing of air using technology of short-cycle heatless adsorption, and select tests of purified air by the dynamic method. Expose aerial masses to aspiration in absorbing medium.

EFFECT: removal of coarsely dispersed impurities and fine aerosols from air to exclude PAS interaction with air moisture.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of research of materials and products using technical (chemical) means, and in particular to the creation of an experimental method for determining the protective properties of air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heating without adsorption.

It is known that one of the promising methods of purifying air from physiologically active substances (FAS), both in our country and abroad, is short-cycle non-heating adsorption [1]. The principle of operation of this method of air purification is based on a change in the direction of movement of air masses in the system and a cyclic change in the operating modes of adsorbers, including the adsorption and desorption of various harmful impurities.

Currently, the determination of the protective properties of various systems and means of air purification is based on the creation of initial (standard) mixtures of harmful substances at the entrance to the device being evaluated and the determination of their presence at its output by aspiration of the estimated air masses through one or another absorption medium [2, 3] . In this case, the creation of the initial mixtures of FAV at the inlet of the evaluated device having a large air volumetric flow rate is carried out by dynamic methods, allowing to supply the contaminated air mixture to its adsorption-catalytic system for a long period of time. At the outlet of the device being evaluated, substances in a different state of aggregation are trapped from the air by liquid or solid adsorbents or absorbents in which the substance being determined is dissolved or chemically (physically) bound.

With all the undoubted advantages, this method of determining the protective properties is unacceptable for air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heating without adsorption. The main reasons for this should be considered:

the use of direct-flow bubblers to create initial (standard) mixtures of harmful substances, which do not allow one to take into account the ability of some adsorbates to hydrolyze with environmental moisture;

the use of dynamic tubes or drexels as technical devices for sampling air contamination, which does not allow for the necessary efficiency and minimal error to carry out aspiration and, as a result, a quantitative chemical analysis;

the inability to take samples of contamination directly from the adsorbers or ducts of the device being evaluated due to the presence of high pressure in these constituent elements and a short period of time for changing the stages of adsorption and desorption.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for determining the protective properties of air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heat-free adsorption from physiologically active substances of general toxicity.

The problem is achieved in that in the claimed method, the determination of the protective properties of the above systems is carried out in the following sequence:

supply of diluent gas to the dosing unit;

the formation of a mixture of FAV and diluent gas in the metering unit;

sampling of pollution and determination of the concentration of surfactants in the air mixture at the inlet of the air purification system;

adsorption of contaminated air mixture in one of the adsorbers of the air purification system and parallel desorption of the adsorbent by adsorbers not involved in air purification at this moment;

sampling of pollution and determination of the concentration of surfactants in the air mixture at the outlet of the air treatment system

Based on the foregoing, the formation of a mixture of FAV and a diluent gas is carried out in the container carrier of the metering unit. The design of this unit allows preliminary drying of the diluent gas in a drying cartridge additionally installed at the inlet of it, loaded with silica gel, activated carbon catalyst, or other highly efficient adsorbent.

Air sampling for analysis of its contamination is carried out by the dynamic method by means of the revolving principle of supplying the required (metered) amount of adsorbate to a specialized aspiration system. The specified suction system allows high intensity sampling of contamination in the presence of high pressure in the air lines of the air purification system. The considered specialized aspiration system is a special metal drum equipped with a fastening system for sampling elements (dynamic cartridges) or chromatogroff syringes, mounted on the motor shaft, and connected to a relay regulator that sets the operation modes of the aspiration system. After the suction time has elapsed, the relay controller sends a command to the electric motor, which, in turn, drives the drum, after which the fixed sampling element is removed from the duct or adsorber (depending on where it was introduced) and goes to the analytical laboratory.

The efficiency of the drum aspiration system is mainly achieved through the use of high-strength dynamic cartridges (hollow glass cylinders with a length of 60 mm and a transverse diameter of 7 mm) having an adsorbent stabilization (retention) system or sampling syringes from the chromatograph of any make and type.

Let us consider in more detail the main stages of the proposed method for determining the protective properties of air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heat-free adsorption from physiologically active substances of general toxicity.

The diluent gas is supplied to the dosing unit from the compression device (blower) through the receiver, smoothing out possible pulsations and facilitating the supply of a constant air flow to the carrier container. In addition, immediately before being fed into the carrier container, the diluent gas goes through the drying step in the drying cartridge described above.

The dried constant flow of the diluent gas enters the carrier container, where, by blowing over the surfactant layer, an impurity concentration in the diluent gas is created that is close to the possible concentration in air. The resulting mixture of diluent gas and FAV through a duct system under pressure enters a concentration chamber equipped with a revolving sampler device designed to aspirate the initial (initial) concentration of harmful impurities in the diluent gas onto dynamic cartridges.

After that, the mixture of the diluent gas and the harmful admixture goes through the separation stage in the evaluated air purification system using the technology of short-cycle heatless adsorption. The sampling of contamination of the diluent gas at the outlet of the evaluated device is also carried out by the dynamic method using a revolving sampling device. Under conditions of constant pressure drops, the aspiration process is carried out using a system of receivers that smooth out pulsations of the purified diluent gas.

The determination of the protective properties of an air purification system using the technology of short-cycle non-heating adsorption is carried out by comparing the toxic dose of FAW in the analyzed air at the outlet of the device being evaluated with its criterion value regulated by regulatory documents.

To confirm the possibility of carrying out the invention, we will determine the protective properties of an air purification system using the technology of short-cycle, non-heating adsorption from harmful impurities of dichloroethane, classified as poorly adsorbed.

The performance of the estimated diluent gas air purification system is 10 l · min ^-1 with a nominal system capacity of 25 l · min ^-1 (the stream of purified diluent gas with a volume flow of 15 l · min ^{-1 is} used to regenerate adsorbers filled with adsorbent )

The results of determining the protective properties of an air purification system using the technology of short-cycle non-heating adsorption are presented in the table.

Table -
The results of determining the protective properties of an air purification system using dichloroethane short-cycle heatless adsorption technology Time from the start of determination, min The initial concentration of harmful impurities, mg · l ^-1 The concentration of harmful impurities at the exit of the evaluated product, mg · l ^-1 Dose ^{*) of} harmful impurities at the outlet of the evaluated product, mg · mg · l ^-1 Dose ^{*) of} harmful impurities, regulated by the documentation, mg · mg · l ^-1 10 19.5 1,0 · 10 ^-5 1,0 · 10 ^-4 twenty 19.5 2.3 · 10 ^-4 2.4 · 10 ^-3 4.1 · 10 ^-2 thirty 21.5 1.2 · 10 ^-3 3.6 · 10 ^-2 *) in this case, the dose refers to the quantitative toxicity of a harmful impurity in a diluent gas

Analysis of the data presented in the table shows that the proposed method can effectively determine the protective properties of air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heating without adsorption. It should be emphasized that the proposed method takes into account the ability of some harmful impurities to hydrolyze with environmental moisture and high pressure drops in the ducts of the device being evaluated in a short period of time.

Thus, the above data indicate that the inventive method has clear advantages over the prototype and allows the determination of the protective properties of air purification systems using the technology of short-cycle heat-free adsorption from physiologically active substances of general toxicity.

The achieved positive effect is ensured by the fact that the formation of a mixture of diluent gas and harmful impurities is carried out in the carrier container by blowing dried gas diluent above the FAV layer, and sampling for analysis is carried out dynamically by using a revolving aspiration system.

Literature

1. N.V. Keltsev. The basics of adsorption technology. - M .: Chemistry, 1984. S.216-224.

2. S.I. Muravyova, M.I. Bukovsky, E.K. Prokhorova. Guidelines for the control of harmful substances in the air of the workplace. - M .: Chemistry, 1991. S.15-30, 92.

3. E.A. Peregud. Sanitary-chemical control of the air. - L .: Chemistry, 1978. P.7.

Claims (1)

The method of determining the protective properties of air purification systems by forming its mixture with a physiologically active substance, determining its concentration in air at the inlet of the purification system, subsequent sampling at the outlet of the purification system and aspirating the air masses through an absorption medium, characterized in that the mixture is air and physiologically active general toxic substances are formed in the carrier container by blowing dried air over a layer of physiologically active substance in an air purification system using The user pressure swing adsorption technology, and the selection of the purified air samples for analysis is performed by a dynamic method.