RU2344354C1 - Water-based helium heat reclaim unit for helium thermal power stations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to solar power engineering. Water-based helium reclaim unit of for helium thermal power stations includes a heat retaining vessel located in the water environment filled with water as heat retaining material which bottom, walls and top covering are made of rigid foam heat insulating and floatable material fixed along the lateral perimeter by open-work base elements located in the heat-retaining environment. Water is used both as a transportable heat carrier and the main support base for upper heat insulating cover of the heat retaining vessel. On the heat-insulating upper cover of the heat retaining vessel, helium-absorbing boxes are placed, in whose inner cavity water circulates as a heat-carrier, each box being covered with the second transparent heat insulating box, containing closed heat-insulating aerial environment which is periodically pumped by a heat loss disposal system through the heat retaining vessel and which accommodates a built-in flat concentrator and sun rays conductor. Aforesaid boxes are heat-insulated from environment by transparent material and have a pyramid-shaped external helium concentrator placed mainly on them, with its lateral faces covering technological passages made between said helium-absorbing boxes, which also can be used for growing plants. Other vessels with the similar equipment and additional helium absorbing boxes on heat insulated supports are placed in parallel to the heat-retaining vessel directly in/on the ground with technological passages being made between them. The above-mentioned passages can be used for growing plants as well as for accommodating facilities intended for both power and economic purposes. The heat retaining vessels are equipped with circulation channels, through which heat energy is transmitted to consumers including means of heat and electric energy production. Water-based helium heat reclaim unit allows for producing heat energy for consumers and helium thermal power stations in allocated water area with high technical economic performances and can also be constructed as an environmentally safe helium boiler.

EFFECT: production of heat energy for consumers and helium thermal power stations in allocated water area with high technical and economic performances.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar energy complexes located mainly in the marine area, converting sunlight into thermal energy, accumulating it and distributing it to consumer objects in order to produce commercial thermal and electric energy.

The basis of the present invention is the creation of such designs of solar heat converters, which use dark heat-conducting surfaces that absorb the sun's rays and emit the corresponding thermal energy, - solar absorbing devices transported through them (fluid) in the form of fluids, air or special gases with increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity, transferring thermal energy to the means of its conversion into electrical energy and into heat accumulators containing heat storage devices - heat-storage materials in the form of liquid media (for example, water, mineral oils, molten paraffins, organosilicon compounds), or mixtures thereof, or bulk materials, inside which free cavities are filled with a flowing coolant, and equipped with means for regulating the pressure and speed of the flowing coolant in them , as well as solar concentrators, which condense solar radiation in some parts of the territory at the expense of others, moreover, solar thermal converters are used for special energy, technological and economic goals. At the same time, heat accumulators are heat-insulated sources of thermal energy of a given power for a given, often long period, and they provide thermal energy for the future with technological means of solar thermal power plants for generating commercial thermal and electric energy.

Known technical solutions in this area, among which the closest for effective industrial implementation, according to the authors, as a result of studying patent and scientific and technical information, are the following:

1. The device created by RF patent No. 2199023 "Wind energy complex" (F03D 9/00, F24J 2/42, publ. 02.20.2003), which contains a heat storage tank using crushed stone as a heat storage material, covered with a translucent heat-insulating material, the surface which under such a translucent dome absorbs the thermal energy of sunlight. Air as a heat carrier passes from the environment from below through cavities, voids between the stones of hot gravel and, when heated, enters the zone of the back side of the wind wheel and accelerates its rotation. Air as a coolant is also heated by the outer surface of the heat-accumulating material and leaves for technological purposes.

In this case, there is a major drawback - a single passage of the coolant through the heat storage tank. A positive factor is the passage of air as a coolant through a thick layer of crushed stone, which has a high (predetermined) total heat capacity and low unit cost, which makes it possible to use it effectively as a filler in a heat storage tank with free fluid cavities filling in it.

2. The device created by RF patent No. 2200915 "Method for creating powerful solar energy installations" (F24J 2/42, published March 20, 2003), which contains a heat storage tank immersed in the water environment of a reservoir filled with water as heat storage material and limited along the perimeter by means of walls and bottoms made with a polymer film mounted on a flexible wire frame and insulated from the environment with a light-transmitting dome. Above the open surface of the heat storage tank under the translucent heat-insulating dome is a platform made of a flexible wire frame filled with breathable solar-absorbing material, in particular metal tiles with through holes. In this solar thermal conversion structure, the air flow from the external medium as a transported heat carrier passes over the heat-storage water medium heated by the sun's rays through a light-permeable coating, and then passes from the bottom up through the indicated solar-absorbing air-permeable platform, in which it is additionally heated by solar radiation energy and sent to the wind turbine input equipped with a controlled traction pipe. This device is marketable and can provide significant power generation. Its most significant drawback is also the single passage of air as a heat carrier over a heat-storage tank with a water surface and through a helioplastic air-permeable platform, under a light-permeable dome. Therefore, to obtain a given capacity of a solar energy installation, it is necessary to increase the surfaces of the heat storage tank and the air-permeable platform and, therefore, the unit cost of the solar thermal converter relative to the appropriate level for such solar energy objects.

Both of the above devices contain the basic elements of the technical solutions used in the present invention, however, closer to the latter is the second, which includes essential features as a prototype.

3. The device created by RF patent No. 2267061 "Method for the thermal conversion of solar energy" (F24J 2/42, 2/15, 2/18, published on December 27, 2005), which contains solar concentrators made on the basis of the use of a two-level structure: ) one level consists of concentrators and conductors of solar rays, which have a pyramidal shape and direct the latter from the environment to the outer surface of the helioteploreforming chamber with its reduced value relative to the surfaces of their external beam openings - large in area Considerations pyramidal structures whose side faces are covered lucheotrazhayuschim material; b) the other level is the field of pyramid-shaped concentrators and conductors of sunlight integrated into the external thermal insulation of the solar thermal conversion chamber, through the smaller bases of which concentrated sunlight beams are directed into its internal environment, where they are converted into thermal energy, and their side surfaces are also covered with radiation-reflecting material.

Such a method and device of two-level sequential helioconcentration can dramatically reduce heat loss to the environment without significantly reducing the energy of solar radiation entering the helioteploreforming chamber, due to which the air temperature in the latter reaches much higher values than in other known technical solutions. In addition, in this device, heat loss utilization means are used, which, in known technical solutions, penetrate from the solar thermal conversion chamber into the environment and are lost uselessly.

This device also represents in this part a prototype of a technical solution used in the present invention.

The task of creating the latter is to develop, mainly for marine waters, such a design of a heat storage tank in conjunction with a heat storage material and a heat carrier, such a trajectory of the transported heat carrier and such a structural connection of the heliopaque surface with the aforementioned helioconcentrators and at least two translucent heat-insulating insulating surfaces, the section so that the volumes and distances of movement of the coolant would whether minimized, the solar radiation power due to helioconcentration increased, heat losses in the system were significantly reduced, and the unit cost of the solar thermal converter based on the created constructive basis would have the prospect of a steady decrease to the unit cost price of thermal power plants and even lower, despite the use of low-potential solar as the primary source of thermal energy energy.

The technical result of the present solution according to the invention consists in the fact that, in contrast to the specified prototype, the bottom and side surfaces are used - walls of a heat storage tank made of rigid foam material, for example aerated concrete, foam concrete or foam glass, with a high content of heat-insulating bubbles in it and using a particularly light heat-insulating filler, so that its specific gravity and cost are low with very low thermal conductivity, but with correspondingly lower strength which is successfully compensated by uniformly pressing it by means of a special load-bearing structure to the external environment, in this case water, achieved by creating excessive internal pressure, while the upper heat-insulating coating of the heat storage tank as its ceiling, created from a similar material, having high porosity, but low strength, located and held by the heat-accumulating material itself as the main bearing base. Such a ceiling may not rest on the walls, but be embedded in them with a minimum clearance around the entire perimeter and have a certain freedom of vertical movement, taking into account the thermal insulation of the formed slots around the perimeter and flexible connections of technological channels to it. This completely solves all the simultaneously arising problems of strength in such a design. Water is used as a heat storage material. In particular, crushed stone with filler in the form of a fluid (air, special gas or liquid) can also be used. At the same time, they are used simultaneously as a transported fluid coolant. It is in the fluid of the heat storage tank (during operation) that a slight overpressure is created, ranging from hundredths to several tenths of an atmosphere, combined in some cases with holding cable extensions or flat, rod, pipe inserts between opposite walls, the bottom and the ceiling. In this case, the position of the upper heat-insulating coating (ceiling) is balanced by the pressure from below, taking into account its buoyancy, weight and weight of the equipment placed on it. The solar thermal generating structure in this technical solution is made by means of typical designs in the form of a hollow box with solar absorbing upper or lower bases, located in a stream of solar rays, reinforced by solar concentrators, whereby the transported (pumped) heat carrier is heated by solar rays in the solar period of time and carries away thermal energy the medium of the heat storage tank, continuously circulating between them, for which the appropriate means for I ensure the circulation (circuit) of the coolant. In this case, short heat-insulated pipelines in the circulation channels are used. The transported coolant can also be directed parallel to the heat storage capacity to other consumers of thermal energy through heat transfer channels and corresponding switches. The temperature of heating the coolant at the inlet to the heat storage tank is determined mainly by the allowable physicochemical characteristics of the coolant and can reach or exceed 100 ° C, and in special cases reach 200 ° C and more. In order to reduce heat loss to the environment from the indicated helioteplore-transforming ducts, the second and upper ducts are placed above the latter according to the invention, made in the form of translucent heat-insulating structures with a closed heat-insulating air medium, which is connected periodically at time intervals or by controlling the speed of the continuous flow of fluid to additional means Utilization of heat loss. These means mainly contain heat converters and, in particular, thermodynamic channels with easily evaporated liquid, including the use of steam turbines connected to electric generators. As part of the solar thermal converter, technological passages and passages are also used, and the surface of the technological passages, in particular, are insulated by the sides of specially arranged pyramid-shaped solar concentrators located above these boxes, and the heat-storage tanks are thermodynamically connected to the corresponding consumers of thermal energy. Thanks to this, the main technical result is achieved - high efficiency of the solar thermal converter in conditions of its placement in the aquatic environment, underwater soil or surfacing, using anchor means, in particular, with automatic control of the length and tension of anchor ropes.

Particular technical results of the invention are the sharply reduced cost of the solar thermal converter, which allows mass construction of solar thermal power plants, the possibility of cultivating plantings in the area allotted for energy production, the reliability and durability of the energy complex, and several others.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the present invention is achieved by the fact that, with respect to known devices from the above data, a water-based solar thermal converter containing a heat storage tank located in an aqueous medium of a body of water, for example in the sea, fixed in the water with respect to the underwater base, in particular, anchor means afloat and filled with a liquid medium, mainly water, as a heat-storage material, and the heat storage the insulating container is made using heat insulating bottoms, walls, and the ceiling in the form of a helioplastic air permeable platform, which is equipped with a bearing base blackened from above, through air holes and a translucent heat insulating coating, energetically connected with at least one helioconcentrator located above them and / or next to them, and the fluid is air as a coolant, the trajectory of which includes air intakes, located under the surface with a translucent heat-insulating coating, a heat storage tank, an air-permeable helioplastic platform and at least one outlet opening connected by pipe channels to the internal medium of the heat storage tank and to the means for removing and converting heat energy that are part of the technological equipment of the solar thermal power plant, has differences in that that the heat storage tank contains the specified bottom, walls and top coating, made using a hard heat-insulating of a supersaturated material, in particular foam concrete and / or foam glass, and fixed along the side perimeter by means of an openwork load-bearing structure, the internal free cavities of which are hydrothermally insulated from the external environment and contain a heat-recovery medium connected via control devices to the means of removal and conversion of thermal energy, which are part of the technological equipment of a solar thermal power plant, and is filled with water as a heat storage material, used simultaneously as the main support a base for the aforementioned floating topcoat, for which its internal heat storage medium is connected to means for setting and regulating overpressure in it using, if there is a fluctuation in the level of the water surface in the pond, in particular, ebbs and flows, automatically controlled by anchor means, and hollow helium-absorbing ducts, elongated and joined together in length into transportable channels of a heated fluid medium, are hermetically installed on its upper heat-insulating coating on the outside as a heat carrier, provided at their opposite ends with inlet and outlet openings, the bases of each of the absorbing boxes made of dark heat-conducting material and / or translucent heat-insulating material from above in combination with the blackening of the bottom base, while the absorbing boxes from above are covered with translucent air-filled structures in the form of - upper - translucent heat-insulating boxes, creating a closed heat-insulating air environment above them, and the inlet and outlet openings of the heliosorbing boxes are connected to the internal liquid heat storage medium of the heat storage tank by means of at least one heat transfer circulating channel of the heat carrier fluid connected thermodynamically to the latter, and a closed heat insulating air medium contained in the upper translucent heat insulating boxes from one is connected means of heat loss utilization to the heat storage tank and / or to the named technological equipment solar thermal power plants by means of autonomous air ducts and circulating heat-insulating channels, while in the air of the upper translucent heat-insulating boxes there is a flat field of elongated concentrators and solar rays conductors - built-in beam concentrators as the named helioconcentrator, the lateral surfaces of which are made reflective and form a heat-reflecting length beam-reflecting profiles of a triangular cross section, in particular hollow bodies and their geometrical and optical parameters were established by parallel fixing of the named profiles at calculated distances, with the help of which lightweight structures were created in the form of rectangular frames equipped with a structurally predetermined number of beam-guiding pyramid-shaped slits built into them and elongated to the corresponding length, the total area of the upper bases of these slotted pyramid-shaped openings exceeds the area of the lower ones, and they, like the bases of the built-in beam concentrators, facing the incoming the flow of solar rays, covered with a translucent heat-insulating material, and technological passages are created between adjacent helium-absorbing boxes on the surface of the heat-insulating top coating of the heat storage tank, while the upper layers of the heat storage material of the internal environment of the heat storage tank and / or heat recovery medium located in the internal cavities of the openwork structure connected to at least one heat converter, which thermodynamic output It is connected with the indicated means of removal and conversion of thermal energy, which are part of the technological equipment of the solar thermal power station, and the return taps from the thermal converter are connected respectively to their lower layers, while the internal environment of the heat storage capacitance is thermodynamically connected to electrothermal converters connected to electric voltage sources, and equipped with sealed hatches.

The difference is also that closed free cavities are placed in the heat storage tank, made of rigid heat-conducting and / or elastic material, to which volume and pressure regulators are connected via the air as a working medium.

The difference also lies in the fact that above the indicated field of built-in flat beam concentrators there is a second pyramid-shaped one - an external concentrator and a conductor of solar rays as one of the levels of the named solar concentrator, covering the field of built-in beam concentrators with its lower hollow base, while the heat-insulating lateral faces of the external concentrator and diverging upwards the sun conductor contains a reflective material, and the upper base is covered with a translucent material, facing away incoming sunlight from the surrounding space and together with the lower base is elongated along the width of the heat storage tank, which, in turn, is elongated from west to east, and the upper bases of adjacent external concentrators and conductors of sunlight are joined together to form longitudinal translucent between them and heat-insulating sections of small width, which simultaneously created pyramid-shaped heat-insulating and weatherproof coatings of technological passages, inside which kzhe applied lucheotrazhayuschy material and placed planting container for the cultivation of fruits, berries and other plant crops.

The difference is that on the surface of the reservoir with the help of floating heat-insulating substrates - rafts, which are located mainly parallel to the heat-storage capacity, additional helium-absorbing boxes are installed, covered with light-transmitting, ray-concentrating and heat-insulating structures with technological passages between them, while these boxes are placed in width in parallel rows, elongated mainly from west to east, with heat storage capacity and substrates - rafts bearing a decree These equipment are equipped with technological waterways, above which the upper rows of similar helium-absorbing boxes with light-permeable gaps between them are mainly placed on supporting structures, and which are used simultaneously for growing vegetables, berries and other cultivated plants in planting containers located at a technologically defined height above the reservoir , and / or to accommodate dual-purpose floating structures - energy and economic, using x external surfaces for the installation of additional beam-reflecting structures and similar helium-absorbing boxes fixed to the surfaces of these structures included in the said circulation channels with a flowing heat carrier, the internal spaces of which are equipped mainly with exothermic plants, and floating heat-insulating substrates-rafts and structures on technological waterways are fixed relative to the heat storage containers, and translucent openings above the latter, between the helio ogloschayuschimi boxes, closed translucent insulating material.

The difference is that in parallel with the named heat storage tank, additional similar heat storage tanks are placed with helium-absorbing boxes located on them in similar structures and technological waterways are created between them, while heat-storage tanks and solar-absorbing boxes are included in the corresponding circulation channel systems through underwater and / or surface heat-insulated pipelines, which are fixed in its combined floating base.

The difference also lies in the fact that in it, at least in part of its heat storage tanks and heliopolymer boxes, high-temperature liquid substance is used as heat-storage material, and similar material and / or gaseous material is used as a heat-transfer fluid, while the gel-absorbing boxes are made for conditions of increased pressure through the use of dark metal flat pipelines equipped with detachable hydraulic connections at the ends.

The difference is that at least one heat transferring circulation channel for consumer heat supply of consumers is connected to it.

Further explanations of the essence of the invention will be given based on FIGS. 1-5, by means of which one of the options for its implementation is presented.

Figure 1 gives an example of a schematic diagram of the design of a solar thermal converter.

Figure 2 shows a variant of the design of helioplastic boxes and utilization of heat loss.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the arrangement of the equipment of the solar thermal converter in the plan.

Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic diagram of the design and placement of pyramid-shaped solar concentrators with atmospheric protection.

Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic diagram of the construction of an integrated flat beam concentrator.

The solar thermal converter according to the invention includes a heat storage tank 1, the internal environment (1) of which contains water 2 as a heat storage material, a liquid (water) heat carrier 3, a solar absorber box 4 (its internal cavity also has number 4) with moving water 3 as a heat carrier in its inner cavity, covered by a helioplastic heat-conducting material of its upper base 5 and sides 6, in this case, dark metal, and a circulation heat-accumulating channel, with standing from the suction pipe (air pipe) and the hydraulic pump 7, the maximum excess pressure of the water at the outlet of which does not exceed 3 atmospheres (atm) and mainly is only 0.05-0.2 atm, the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4, through holes 8 and the internal the aqueous medium of the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), through which the circulating water flows 3 (shown by arrows). The solar absorber box 4 in another embodiment can be made with a translucent upper base and a solar absorber bottom, over which the heated fluid coolant moves, and the through holes 8 are equipped with pipelines or even carried outside its perimeter.

In this particular example of the implementation of the solar thermal converter, the walls and the bottom of the heat storage tank 1 are made of internal 9 and external 10 layers of foam concrete separated by supporting inserts 11. The air gap 12 between these layers serves as an additional very significant thermal insulation. Along the walls, it can be partially filled with foam. Moreover, if the air temperature in the upper part of the air gap 12 reaches a certain limit level detected by the temperature sensor 13, the pneumatic valve 14 and the auxiliary air compressor 15 are turned on, due to which the necessary volume of hot air is sent to the means 16 for collecting and converting thermal energy from the solar thermal power plant, in particular to technological equipment impact on the central energy flow of the latter.

At the same time, the pressure sensor 17 and another auxiliary air compressor 18 with a non-return valve 19 restore the air pressure in the air gap to a predetermined value that can exceed the pressure of water 3 in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1. The maximum allowable air pressure in the air gap 12 is set by the safety air valve 20, and its value corresponds to the strength characteristics of the insulating material and the structural parameters of the walls and bottom of the heat storage her capacity. The latter are covered with waterproofing, which is not shown in FIG. 1, and a water pump 21 is connected to the air gap 12, periodically pumping out the water condensate accumulating in it, which occurs as a result of the cooling effect of the aqueous medium 22 (conditionally covered by a curved line 22) of the reservoir. The latter houses a heat storage tank 1, the upper heat-insulating coating 23 of which is located at a certain height above the upper level 24 of water 22, which is convenient for technological support and maintenance of the solar thermal converter.

In other embodiments of the heat storage tank 1, foam glass or other, continuously improving, heat-insulating materials can be used instead of foam concrete. In this case, the heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1 in another embodiment can be made by means of two platforms of foam material, between which a particularly lightweight foam material is placed, in particular, loose material that is kept from being compressed by vertical rigid heat-insulating rack-plates.

The internal environment of the heat storage tank 1, in turn, is equipped with means for stabilizing the water pressure (2) in accordance with a predetermined value. For this, a pressure sensor 25 and a controllable exhaust hydraulic valve 26 with a non-return valve 27 are installed. On the other side of the heat storage tank 1, an auxiliary supply air compressor 28 with a non-return valve 29 is installed, which can be replaced by an air line (shown by a dotted line) with a number of backup channels, pressure sensors 30 and safety air valves 31. Means for replenishing the water volume in the heat storage tank are not shown in FIG. 1.

The specified heat-insulating floating topcoat, made mainly of building blocks like the well-known ceiling panels, is located on the surface of the water 2 as on the main support base, which at the same time, as mentioned above, is also a heat-accumulating material.

On the outer surface of the top cover 23 of the heat storage tank 1, a series of helioplastic boxes are installed with gaps between them - technological passages. In the considered variant of the solar thermal converter according to FIG. 1, the solar-absorbing box 4 (each of them) is made of a dark metal sheet by forming, by stamping, its upper base 5, its sides 6 and flanges — horizontal bends, shelves for their tight fastening to the upper coating 23. Solar rays 32 in the daytime come to the outer surfaces 5, 6 of the helioplastic box and are converted into heat energy, due to which the heat-transfer fluid 3 in its inner cavity (4) is heated and is it the main part of the internal environment of heat storage tank 1. Another part of the heat energy is lost to the environment. In order to reduce heat loss, the solar absorber box 4 is covered by a translucent heat insulating structure - the second duct 33, containing a translucent upper base 34 made, for example, of thin sheet glass, the sides 35 and similar horizontal flanges, bends intended for joint fixing with a solar absorber box 4 to the upper coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1. The translucent heat-insulating base 34 and the sides 35 create a heat insulation over the heliopanel box 4 liruyuschuyu air environment, which significantly reduces the heat loss of the latter. However, in view of the flat design of the translucent box 33 with the dominant size of the upper base 34, these heat losses due to the convection process remain very significant. In order to further reduce them substantially, its air-insulating medium is pumped according to the invention through a second circulation heat-insulating channel, in particular, into the internal water medium (2) of the heat-storage tank 1. If this air flow from the second translucent heat-insulating box 33 enters directly into the water of heat storage tank 1, as well as water heat carrier 3, then this air flow, as auxiliary heat carrier, is also determined by number 3. Data the circulation channel includes an internal heat-insulating and heat-absorbing air medium (3) of a light-permeable duct 33, air ducts 36, an air compressor or exhaust fan 37, an air duct 38 with its distribution ending in the internal water medium (1) of the heat storage tank, its aqueous (water-water air) medium (2, 3) and the exhaust air duct 39 connected to the inner cavity of the light-transmitting heat-insulating duct 33 and closing the air flow circuit - this air circulation (heat autilizing) channel. Air 3 accumulates in the water-air medium (2, 3) of the heat storage tank 1 under the lower end of the air duct 39, including due to the slope of its heat-insulating upper coating 23, which is achieved mainly due to anchor ropes (not shown). In addition, the latter includes trunk pipelines 40, 41, 42, which parallelize the corresponding sections of the following pipelines: a) short sections of the air supply from the common pipe outlet 39 from the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 through line 40 to each of the total number of translucent heat-insulating boxes 33; b) short sections of the exhaust air flow from the latter through the highway 41 and the common air guide unit 37 into the common pipe 38, introducing the air flow into the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1; c) horizontal sections of the pipeline 38, located along the width and length of the latter through the line 42 in the aqueous medium of the heat-accumulating material (2), which with the help of air vents 43 distribute the thermal energy of this air stream in the colder lower layers of water in order to transfer part of the thermal energy to them, lost by the helium-absorbing box 4. Figure 1 does not show yet another channel for the utilization of heat losses of the helium-absorbing box, which is connected in case of high heating also of the lower layers of water 2. This channel of images from cavity 33 through an additional air valve to means 16 for removing and converting thermal energy. In the latter case, the convective heat losses of the heliopolymer box are utilized almost completely within the framework of the general technology of the entire heliotepower plant.

In other versions of the solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant, in particular air or a special gas of increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity, or with high-temperature mineral oil, molten paraffin, when the pressure inside the solar absorption ducts 4 can reach 3 atmospheres, solar-absorbing flat pipelines can be used, for example, by means of extrusion of aluminum, with internal reinforcing longitudinal ribs - partitions, followed by blackening of the upper outer surface aluminum surface. At the same time, at the ends of these flat pipelines, flanges are installed by welding, gluing, bonding with cement mortar, equipped with hydraulic connections, followed by connecting to them inlet and outlet pipelines.

A significant reduction in the cost of a solar thermal accumulator with a fluid coolant (in particular water) is associated with a number of factors. One of them is a deeper integration of the designs of gel-absorbing (4) and translucent heat-insulating (33) ducts and a further decrease in their total heat loss. A variant of such a solution is shown in FIG. 2. Here, in the helioplastic box 4, the role of the helioplastic surface is played by the substrate 44, on which the box 4 is attached and which is its lower base, located and mainly fixed on the upper heat-insulating coating 23 of the heat-storage tank 1, and the upper base 5 is made of a translucent material - glass (or thin glass film, if any, which relates to high-strength materials with stable chemical and physical properties). The translucent box 33, as in the previous case, has an upper base in the form of sheet glass or a glass film, and the lower base is open, that is, a helium-absorbing box. In Fig.2, the fastening of both boxes to a common base - the substrate 44 - is carried out similarly, by applying and fixing the lateral bends-flanges. This is a schematic diagram of the relationship and sealing of boxes 4, 33 and substrate 44. However, in practice, their sides should be combined in this embodiment into one integrated, cheaper design of heat-insulating material, equipped with internal shelves (collars) for fixing the bases 5 and 34 (sheet glass), which are not shown in the illustrations. The sides have a thickness and rigidity sufficient to tightly fasten the substrate 44 and the translucent bases 5, 34 to the entire structure, have a height of approximately 300 mm, according to the total height of both ducts, and are primarily coated on the inside with a heliopaque surface or made of a heliopaque heat-insulating material. The size of the common perimeter of both integrated boxes 4, 33 is determined, tentatively, by the size of their sides 1000 × 1000 mm, which is convenient with respect to existing technological equipment. In their adjacent sides, corresponding openings, openings for airtight laying of slotted windows or bushings in them with the purpose of passing through the last fluid coolant (in the heliopolymerizing box 4 mainly of water) and heat-insulating, as well as heat-absorbing and heat-insulating air medium (in a translucent air-filled box 33) are made in their adjacent sides , which allows you to dock and mount such boxes over a large length. The wall box of helioplastic boxes approximately 1000 × 1000 mm in size is made primarily of concrete, aerated concrete, foam glass, plastic and metal, as well as their embedded bushings, with the simplest fixing of the bushings and connection to the substrate 44 by means of cement mortar with reliable sealing of structures in conditions low excess pressure of the fluid coolant (water) in the duct 4 and the flowing air in the duct 33.

The heat-insulating substrate 44 is made in a similar way, in particular, together with the box of the sides as a whole, and therefore the integrated design of both of these boxes in this embodiment is extremely cheap. The same structures can also be made as wood-particle products or from other heat-insulating materials of sufficient strength, with high adhesion of the compounds using adhesive materials or adhesive solutions. Made as a whole box 4 and 33 with walls about 300 mm high, roughly, with a perimeter size of 1000 × 1000 mm, are interconnected by means of openings or embedded (short) bushings in groups of several pieces in one piece in the factory, and not at a construction site, with its high productivity and quality. Such groups comprise light sections of 3-15 meters long, convenient for transportation, manual work and installation. These sections end, in turn, now with detachable connections with bushings, for example, with rectangular, conical and cylindrical shapes at the ends, which are joined by a tab of one of them into another, assembled and prepared as assembly units at the plant in a sealed form, and are pulled together during installation at the construction site. In such a high-performance way, easily transported sections (groups) of prefabricated ducts are joined together and can form finished structures with two indicated parallel internal cavities of any length (many tens of meters), with high sealing quality, especially effective under conditions of low pressure coolant and closed air environment. This is the basis for reducing the cost of the solar thermal converter, taking into account the fact that the perimeter and internal environment of the heat storage tank in this design can also be cheap (in terms of unit cost). In this case, detachable joints of the mating groups of boxes are provided in some cases with switches for connecting them in series or in parallel in the order of seasonal adjustment of the temperature of the flowing fluid, while adjustments of the latter during a sunny day are carried out by adjusting the speed of the circulating coolant.

The flow of fluid coolant 3 (water) according to the design of FIG. 2 through the helioplastic box 4 is carried out similarly to the above, by means of pipelines 45 (instead of holes 8). The flow of air 3 through the duct 33 is carried out according to FIG. 1, taking into account the pipelines 46 connected in parallel to the pipelines 39 through the valves 47. In this case, the air 3 is withdrawn from the air cushion 39, created, in particular, by tilting the heat-insulating topcoat 23 of the heat storage tank 1 , or from the lower part of the internal environment of the latter - by pipeline 46 with high heating of the upper level of the heat-accumulating material. The outlet of the air flow 3 to the means 16 for removing and converting thermal energy, as shown in FIG. 1 with reference to the air gaps 12, or to the heat storage tank 1, is not shown in FIG. 2.

When the size of the heat storage tank 1 is up to 10 meters wide, an air cushion is formed due to the inclination of the upper cover 23 of the latter, as shown in Figs. 1, 2. In this case, the heat storage tank is elongated from west to east. However, with its greater width, a free cavity 48 is created, in particular an air “bag” located in the middle or lower layers of the heat-accumulating material 2 using a flat box or an inclined sheet, in particular with a polymer film. The dotted line in figure 1 shows the connection of the cooling free cavity 48 to the circulating air channel. Through such a free cavity 48, anyone can circulate and cool, as well as fluid heat carrier from the heliopolymer box 4, including gaseous and desalinated water, as well as air from the translucent heat insulating box 33, which allows the use of sea water in the tank 1.

Figure 1 shows the installation in a heat storage tank 1 of a heat-collecting tube collector 49 of a heat-conducting material in which an auxiliary liquid working fluid circulates, transferring its thermal energy to means 16 (to means for removing and converting thermal energy in technological equipment of a solar thermal power plant, the diagram of which is illustrated in the illustrations not shown; its options may be different, but in the first place - these are helioaerobaric thermal power plants according to the above patents). In this example, the input of the pipe manifold 49 is connected to the source 50 of the auxiliary liquid working fluid, and the output to the temperature converter 51 (raising the temperature “transformer”), in particular, to the heat pump, which is connected with its hot heat sink 52 using heat transfer means (conventionally shown arrow 53) to the indicated means 16. As a temperature transducer 51, in particular, a rotating mechanical activator of a liquid, for example water, whose housing (hot heat sink 52) can be used is in thermodynamic connection (shown by arrow 53) with receivers and transducers of elevated temperature (or high temperature) as a part of means 16. The output in the latter case from the pipe collector 49 of the auxiliary working fluid after its cooling relaxation enters the input of the source 50 directly or through additional technological devices (as shown by the dashed arrow). The pipe manifold 49 can be installed not in a heat storage tank, but in a separate tank, the internal media of which are connected through heat transfer - thermodynamically.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the placement of the equipment of the solar thermal converter in a more complex composition, close to the actual layout according to the conditions of construction of the solar thermal power station. Here, the plan shows the placement of two heat storage tanks 54 and 55 in addition to the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), which is not shown in this plan, separated by longitudinal water technological passageways 56 and 57, respectively, with surface heat-insulating floating rafts (panels) - substrates 58 and 59, on which additional helium-absorbing boxes 4 are placed (in any of the three described structures, while the translucent heat-insulating boxes 33 with heat loss utilization are not shown in FIG. 3). Both heat-storage tanks differ in that one of them (54) is made with high-temperature heat-storage material and a heat carrier, for example, air, mineral oil and molten paraffin (with a working temperature of more than 100 ° C), and the other (55) with water in the quality of the heat-accumulating material and the coolant as a unit with a lower temperature (with an operating temperature below 100 ° C), similar to the heat-storage tank 1 (Figure 1).

Both heat storage tanks 54, 55 differ from that shown in FIG. 1 in that on top of them are placed two parallel rows of helium-absorbing boxes 4, connected in pairs and with the internal environments of these heat-storage tanks by pipelines 60 in series within the heat-accumulating circulation channels and using parallel connecting pipelines 61, similar in purpose to the collector pipelines 41 (Figure 1), which provide the introduction of a fluid coolant into each of the heat storage tanks s respectively. The latter are made elongated from west to east, and the helium-absorbing boxes are placed across them, from north to south, and technological passages 62 are located between them. The end adjacent ends of the heat storage tanks 54, 55 are separated by a transverse technological passage 63, in the territory of which the object is located 64 dual-use - energy and economic, also afloat in the aquatic environment of 22 reservoirs. Their energy purpose has three main aspects: a) on their roof there are similar helioplastic boxes 4 with technological passages 62 between them (for maintenance); b) predominantly reflective panels 65 are placed on their walls, highlighted in FIG. 3 by thickened lines, although helioplastic boxes 4 included in the corresponding circulation channel can be placed on them; c) exothermic processes are organized in their internal premises, for example, hot processing of food products, metallurgical production of aluminum products or glass films for the construction of solar thermal power plants and as consumer goods, the high-temperature heat losses of which are directed mainly to the indicated heat-converting means 16, although they can be sent for disposal and in heat storage tanks (these connections are not shown in the illustrations). Their economic and economic purpose consists in the production of products with high consumer and market value, which are produced on the areas of the solar thermal converter, while combining energy processes.

Beam-reflecting panels are installed in a number of other places of the solar thermal converter, as shown by thickened lines. The reflective panels are flat, elongated upward structures coated with a layer of a reflective (mirror) material, in particular aluminum foil or a film coated by spraying with a thin layer of aluminum (or other materials with mirror reflective properties).

On rafts - heat-insulating substrates 58, 59, also made elongated in parallel with heat-accumulating tanks, solar-absorbing boxes can be connected to each other in series within the circulation channels or in parallel. Figure 3 conventionally shows the same placement of helioplastic boxes 4. The latter on the panels 58, 59 can be installed much more - in order to achieve the design set temperature level of the heat-accumulating material 2 (Figure 1). In particular, on the panel 58, the helium-absorbing boxes are connected in three pieces in series in two parallel groups, and on the panel 59 they are connected to each other in parallel in a serial flow path of the coolant within the circulation channel. The inlets from the respective heat-accumulating circulation channels to the solar absorption ducts 4 are carried out by pipelines 66. In both cases, they are arranged as follows.

In the heat storage tank 55, the heated heat carrier — water — enters through the pipe 61 (hereinafter, through the pipes 45, with more uniform heat and mass transfer, according to FIG. 2) and in the internal cavity its mass and thermal energy are distributed according to the dashed line 67. Input - heat carrier output and movement it along the circulation channel is shown by arrows 68. The heat carrier exit from the heat storage tank 55 is connected through a filter 69 to a hydraulic pump 70 and then to a hydraulic line 66, from which parallel channels of the heliopads, in turn, connected to the hydraulic line 61 (in this way, the coolant circulates in the circulation channel).

In the circulation channel of the heat storage tank 54, which is also heat-accumulating, the difference is only in the following: a) the solar-absorbing boxes 4 on the panel 58 are connected in series of 3 pieces in two parallel groups; b) the latter are connected to two parallel groups of helioplastic boxes 4 of the upper tier, which are located above the technological passage 56 on the support posts at a height of approximately 3 meters. Further, helioplastic boxes 4 are connected in a similar way, placed on top of the heat storage tank 54, which are connected by the output line 61, which is also the entrance to the latter (the circle of the corresponding circulation channel is also closed).

Technological driveways 56, 57, in addition to its direct technological purpose, are used for other applications. In particular, as indicated above, over the surface of the water medium of the reservoir, heliosorbing boxes 4 are placed with air gaps 71 between them, which coincide in their arrangement (along the axes) with the technological passages 62. This allows sunlight from the southern half of the sky to enter the latter, and also on the water surface of the passage 56. These gaps are closed above it with a translucent heat-insulating material, which protects it from adverse atmospheric conditions and precipitation (marked in hatching in FIG. 3). The placement of cultivated vegetables and berries in planting tanks was made above the water surface, at a landing height of about 1500 mm, so that technological water transport with maintenance personnel could pass under them. Figure 3 shows the dotted arrangement of the support base 72 for landing tanks above the technological passage 57, and also partially above the passage 56, although above the latter they can be placed along the entire length.

The placement of translucent heat-insulating coatings not only over technological driveways, but in general over all objects of the solar thermal converter makes it possible to provide greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, berries and fruits both on its territory and on the whole on the water territory of the solar thermal power station, which is not shown in the illustrations. The efficiency of simultaneous energy production and greenhouse cultivation of plants is extremely high: the inevitable heat loss during energy production gives free heat, the cost of which, together with lighting for greenhouses, is the main cost component; the main technological structures for energy production are at the same time in this embodiment the basic for the construction of greenhouses; weather protection in inclement weather and cleaning the area are also mutually necessary. It is important to achieve such a position in the design of the solar thermal converter that the greenhouse cultivation of cultivated plants is an almost free application to energy production, without limiting the total area of solar energy consumption in the territory allotted for energy production. Such constructive solutions in the development process of this proposed invention are found.

Figure 3 presents in addition to the above two options for energy consumption from the solar thermal converter.

In the upper part of the internal environment of the heat storage tank 54, in the mass of the heat storage material 2 (FIG. 1), a pipe collector 73 of heat-conducting material is arranged to provide thermal energy to consumers (along with the transfer of high potential thermal energy to technological means 16, as in FIG. 3 is not illustrated). The inlet end of the pipe manifold 73 is connected to the pipeline 74, and the outlet end to the pipeline 75, which together close the heat-removing circulation channel, including: a) heat point 76 to ensure the supply of thermal energy to consumers in accordance with standard technical solutions in this industry; b) circulating hydraulic pump 77; c) filter 78; d) the actual internal environment of the heat storage tank 54.

The direction of movement of the process hot fluid as an auxiliary working fluid is shown by arrows (79).

In a heat storage tank 55 containing water as a heat storage material and a heat carrier, a heat-conducting pipe manifold 80 is arranged to provide thermal energy to a steam turbine 81, which primarily works with steam of an easily evaporated liquid. The inlet pipe 82 of the pipe manifold 80 is connected to a source of liquid 83 with a low boiling point — an easily evaporated liquid, and the outlet pipe 84 — as a steam line to the input of a steam turbine 81, the outlet of which is connected to a refrigeration unit 85 provided with a channel 86 of coolant. The low boiling point fluid source 83 comprises a condensed liquid reservoir, a hydraulic pump, controlled valves and filters (not shown). The direction of movement of the liquid with a low boiling point and its vapor is shown by arrows 87.

As a liquid with a lower boiling point, both freons authorized for industrial use and other liquids, up to methyl and ethyl alcohols, can be used. Tube collectors 73 and 80 can be replaced by separately placed thermodynamic plants.

Figure 4 shows an example of the shape and optimal placement of external helioconcentrators - concentrators and conductors of solar rays in relation to solar heat converters. The area 88 of the space where the helio-absorbing box 4 is placed, and the area 89 of the space where the light-permeable heat-insulating box 33 is located, are located above the heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1 (Figs. 1, 2). These areas are covered by a pyramid-shaped hollow structure containing elongated lateral sides 90 as the faces of the pyramid, which are covered from the inside with a reflective mirror material 91 (shown by a dashed line), and from the outside with a mirror material 92. The sun's rays 32 either directly onto the solar-absorbing surface 93, or the beam-reflecting side 90 (91) of the pyramid-shaped structure from which they are reflected on this helioplastic surface.

The upper base 94 of the pyramid-shaped structure significantly exceeds the area of its lower base, corresponding to the area of the helioplastic coating 93, and this determines the coefficient of helioconcentration. Moreover, if the width of the solar absorption surface 93 is equal to the width of the technological passages 62 (Figure 3) between the solar absorption boxes 4, and they are 1 meter each, the optimal approximate height of the upper bases 94 of the pyramid-shaped structure above the heat-insulating upper coating 23 is 3 meters - according to the conditions the overwhelming amount of sunlight 32 falling onto the helioplastic surface 93 as a result of their reflections from the lateral sides 90 (91). The adjacent sides of the pyramid-like structure are aligned with each other in the form of the sides of the bases 94 along lines 95, each of which forms the ridge of the pyramid-shaped coating of the technological passages 62, with a triangular cross-section close to that.

The end surfaces of the pyramid - helioconcentrator are also made with internal beam-reflecting surfaces. Variants may be applied when the south end face is translucent. The helioconcentrators-pyramids along the length, taking into account their joining by the end surfaces, are approximately equal to the width of the heat storage tanks 1, 54, 55 (Figs. 1, 3) and can be tens of meters (with a width of 1 and a height of 3 meters). Similarly, for technological passages 62, the end sides of which are closed with a translucent material, for example a polymer film, with folding or removable entrance openings. The sun's rays enter the space above the technological passages primarily through the southern end openings. To ensure that cultivated plants in the technological passageways have a sufficient amount of sunlight and rays (of a small number) of night light sources, their pyramid-forming sides are coated internally with reflective material 92. The coatings of the technological passageways, elongated along the width of the heat-storage tank 1, may have a non-triangle in cross section, and a pyramid with a narrow translucent base at the top. However, the width of this translucent strip takes away part of the flow of sunlight from the considered external helioconcentrators. Therefore, the specified translucent strip, if applicable, is of the minimum width, and the illumination of the space above the technological passages is provided due to the reflective surfaces, primarily on the sides of the technological passages.

If the latter are made of translucent material, then the internal mirror coatings 91 of the external solar concentrators will have a sufficient reflective effect, without coatings 92, on the cultivated vegetation in technological transitions. Moreover, the surface of their conditional floor and the landing tanks themselves are also equipped with a reflective material 92, and on the north side there are additional strips of reflective material (not shown in FIG. 4). This design is explained by the fact that vegetation with a single passage of sunlight usually consumes only 5-10% of their energy, while with multiple reflection of sunlight in the cultivation space of cultivated vegetation, this value increases significantly, and the level of incoming sunlight and electric illumination in dark time can (and should) be correspondingly lower.

If you need to increase the width of technological passages 62 and develop the planting area of cultivated plants with an increase in the concentration coefficient of sunlight, the height of the outer pyramid-shaped beam concentrators should be proportionally increased. Landing tanks 96 in the technological walkways are mainly performed mobile and removable for maintenance by the technological driveways, raised above the surface of the conditional floor of the technological walkways.

Since the upper bases 94 of the outer pyramid-shaped solar concentrators are covered with translucent material, conditions are created for the aforementioned (shaded) translucent surfaces and heliopads 4 to be joined over the technological passageways 56, 57 (Fig. 3) with translucent coatings of the bases 94 over the external helioconcentrators and heat storage tanks. This creates local areas or complete territories of greenhouse translucent energy and economic facilities allocated for the construction of solar heat converters or solar thermal power plants in general.

Periodic atmospheric disturbances can cause damage to the solar thermal converter structures. Improving the weather resistance and security of these structures will be more expensive and will be associated with a decrease in the efficiency of the solar thermal converter when solving this problem by increasing the strength of structures and materials used. Therefore, according to the invention, the entire surface of the solar thermal converter in local sections with a width of approximately 6-10 meters is covered with high-strength rewinding material 97, for example, fiberglass, high-strength film or other materials, including over technological driveways 56, 57, 63 (Figure 3) . To maintain the rewind surface, bearings 98 of rolling and / or sliding are mounted. The process of rewinding from west to east and back (or from north to south and back) is carried out by installing rewinding drums 99, 100 and their electric drives 101, 102 from both ends of the protected area. At the end sections to the rewinding strips of protective material, tension ropes are fixed, threads 103, 104, shown by a dashed line. They are fixed on the one hand at the marked points, and on the other hand, relative to the rewinding drums 99, 100 (which is not illustrated). If snow or hail, sand, falls on the rewinding protective material 97, they are discharged to designated places in the area of rewinding drums, for which ropes, threads 103, 104, should have an appropriate length. In winter nighttime, rewinding material 97 further insulates the entire structure.

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the use of yet another series of solar concentrators, and more specifically, concentrators and conductors of sunlight, which are built into the inner cavity of the translucent heat-insulating duct 33. As mentioned above, heat loss coming from the solar-absorbing ducts 4 into the inner cavity of each duct 33, they are utilized due to the periodic or variable pumping speed of the air from it through a heat storage tank 1 or through means 16 for removing and converting thermal energy and (in the latter case, additional circuits may be used not for circulating circulating air pumping, but for a direct-flow channel with external fresh air being supplied to the inner cavity of the ducts 33). However, such utilization of heat losses does not completely solve the problem of limiting their radiation component emanating from the helioplastic surface of helioplastic boxes 4, which becomes relevant when the temperature of the latter increases from 50 to 90 ° C, and even more so in special cases to temperatures of 200-300 ° C . The second, the inner row of concentrators and conductors of sunlight, built into the additional thermal insulation on the upper base of the solar absorber box 4, largely solves this problem (along with a decrease in low-temperature convective losses).

The principle of implementation of the integrated beam concentrators 105 (Figure 5) is explained as follows. Suppose that for the upper base of the helioplastic box 4, through which the bulk of the heat loss passes into the external environment, a plate is made of heat-insulating material, equal in area to this base. If this base is covered with this plate, then there will be no heat loss, but, naturally, the sun's rays will also not enter the helioplastic box. Therefore, in this heat-insulating plate, it is necessary to make the corresponding gaps, but not simple gaps, but such that all the sun's rays incident from above pass into the helioplastic box, and so that the heat output, including radiation, from the latter is significantly limited. For this purpose, said heat-insulating plate must undergo appropriate testing in such a way that pyramid-shaped beam concentrators elongated in length are made in it. Their upper bases 106 are open for the passage of sunlight 32, and their total area is almost equal to the area of the heat-insulating plate and the area of the helioplastic box. The lower bases 107 are significantly smaller in width (and in area) than the upper ones. The side walls 108 are made with reflective surfaces 109. Thus, the sun's rays 32, entering the built-in beam concentrators 105, are reflected by the reflective surfaces 109 of the walls 108 and pass through the free (open) lower bases 107 of the formed pyramid-like slots to the radiant absorbing surfaces 93 of the heat-insulating substrates 44 of the heliopads. 4 (in their design). In turn, the heat-insulating substrates 44 are located by means of the waterproofing layer 110 on the heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1 with liquid heat storage material - water 2 and heat carrier 3 (in particular, a mixture of water and air).

Of particular importance are the geometric parameters of the integrated beam concentrators 105. The angle at the apex of two adjacent lateral beam-reflecting sides should not exceed 20 °, its value is more appropriate 10-15 °. When the height of the built-in beam concentrators is 100 mm, the width of the lower base of the pyramids - the bottom 107 should not exceed 30 mm, and the heat-insulating distance between the bases 107 should not exceed 10 mm (i.e., the built-in beam-concentrating slots have a pitch of about 40 mm).

With this design, the elongated pyramid-shaped beam concentrators 105, oriented mainly in the north-south direction, the vast majority of sunshine during daylight hours, in any season, come to the helioplastic surface 93 of the helioplastic box 4.

In this processed form, the aforementioned heat-insulating plate turns into a frame with lateral sides, approximately 1000 × 1000 mm in size, between which are located triangular (connected at the ends to each other) load-bearing structures - walls 108 of built-in concentrators with their slotted pyramid openings. In the latter, practically all the sun's rays 32 pass to the helioplastic box, and the upward exit of convective and radiant heat losses is further reduced by 4 times. Above the vertices 111 of the elongated triangular profiles in the frame, a translucent coating 112, for example thin sheet glass, can be placed, or the design can be limited by using only a translucent coating 34 of a translucent heat-insulating box 33, inside which this built-in beam concentrator is located.

The real, practical implementation of the latter, with the aim of further reducing the cost of materials, labor and installation costs, as well as for a significant increase in labor productivity - the speed of construction of solar thermal power plants - should be modernized. In particular, this frame 1000 × 1000 mm, together with triangular profiles forming toroidal beam-concentrating slits, can be pressed from heat-insulating material, in particular, pressed from foam materials, cement mortars, wood-shaving compositions, etc. In the most lightweight form, this design can be made of prefabricated structures. In particular, triangular profiles can be made hollow, of technologically convenient length, from various materials: foil with a reflective layer of thick paper, glass or foam glass coated with a mirror coating by spraying, concrete or foam concrete coated with a reflective material by means of a thin aluminum profile, foil and etc.

Opportunities for low-cost manufacturing and dimensional cut of such triangular profiles are available in numerous versions.

The perimetric sides of this slotted frame can be manufactured by pressing assembly, with structural elements for fixing translucent materials, including together with a heat-insulating substrate, which will further simplify the sealing technology.

Obviously, slotted beam-concentrating frames should fit together into elongated structures of helioplastic boxes elongated over a large length - the entire width of the heat storage tank. In adjacent sides of the abutting helium-absorbing or translucent ducts, holes, slotted openings are coordinated with each other along the axes, and bushings with rectangular, conical or cylindrical mating mating parts are installed. The bushings are pulled together.

As a result of such joins, in factory conditions, modules from solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes (4, 33) with built-in beam concentrators can be assembled into integral assembly units of 3-15 meters in length, convenient for transportation and subsequent assembly as a part of solar heat converters. The prepared factory conditions guarantee high quality and manufacturing performance of such elongated modules that are joined together at the construction site by accessible connections.

Figure 5 shows a variant of the solar thermal converter when cooled free cavities (or air "bags") 48 are used (their connections are indicated by a dotted line) through which heat-utilizing airflow from boxes 33 passes, partially washing and built-in beam concentrators 105. Such free cavities 48, such as above, can also be used for isolated cooling in the tank 1 and the fluid coolant.

The arrangement of elastic air-filled cavities 113, covering the bottom of the heat storage tank, the taps from which (not shown) connect them to pressure control devices in them, and thereby the position of the heat storage tank 1 relative to the surface of the reservoir, is shown next.

Elastic air-filled cavities 113 can also be installed under the bottom (10), under the layer of its waterproofing 110, but with the necessary safety devices.

Figure 1 conventionally shows a pipe 114 with a switch 115, through which the heated heat-accumulating material 2 (water) from the heat-storage tank can flow to means 16 or to a heat converter 51 (in the embodiment with the exception of the pipe manifold 49). The branch pipe 114 is shown in figure 1 in the underwater zone, at the bottom of the heat storage tank 1, while in fact this branch is done at a higher level using vertical 116 and horizontal 117 pipelines, additionally strengthening the perimeter of the heat storage tank.

The solar thermal accumulator according to the invention in the above embodiment works as follows.

The internal cavity of the heat storage tank 1 is filled with water through which (in this embodiment) air 3 freely circulates, which is the heat carrier in the solar thermal accumulator in the heat loss recovery channel, and water 3 is used as the heat carrier in the lower box 4. Closed channel for circulating the water heat carrier (circulation heat storage channel) includes the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4, onto the surface of which (in the above example, the upper base 5 and side walls 6, marked in bold) there are sunlight 32, openings 8, through which water enters the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 and passes through it from the south wall to the north, and a suction pipe 7 connected integrally with a hydraulic pump (7), through which water is pumped out of the heat storage tank and enters the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4. Thus, the sun's rays 32 heat the water stream 3 moving in the latter (shown by an arrow), which, passing through the openings 8, in turn heats the water 2 in heat storage capacity 1 and moves through it, giving it thermal energy, to the pipeline 7 under the influence of a hydraulic pump with a similar number that makes up a single suction device.

The temperature of the flow of water coolant 3 at the inlet to the heat storage tank can reach 100 ° C, which is determined by its speed (depending on the height of the Sun above the horizon) set by the hydraulic pump 7 and also by the series connection of several heliopads 4, as shown in FIG. .3. The latter are connected by pipelines 60 to the outer main pipe 61, which enters the internal environment of the heat storage tank by pipelines 45 (Figure 2), when replacing through holes 8 (Figure 1). The temperature of the coolant 3 at the inlet to the heat storage tank 1 also depends on the quality of the thermal insulation of the heal absorption box 4 and the design of the helioconcentrators. If air or mineral oil is used as a heat transfer medium in the heliosorbing box 4, then its output temperature can significantly exceed 100 ° С, reaching 150-200 ° С and more (in this case, the heat-storage material also changes or special channels are used in the latter).

The thermal insulation of the heliopolymerizing duct 4 is provided, first of all, by a translucent air-filled structure 33 - a second, upper translucent heat-insulating duct, the upper base 34 and side walls of which 35 (Figure 2) limit the perimeter of the air environment 3 with a considerable height. As a good heat insulator, air reduces heat loss from the solar absorber box, however, in such designs, convection processes are still an essential obstacle to high thermal insulation. Therefore, the translucent heat-insulating box 33 is additionally included in the heat loss utilization system, which is achieved by organizing regular heat and mass transfer between the air of the translucent heat-insulating box 33 and the aqueous medium of the heat storage tank 1. The heated air flow from the first enters the lower part of the latter, where the heat-accumulating material 2 (water with air in this embodiment) is the coldest, whereby the air is cooled, passes through the water mass up to the north side, in particular the inclination of the heat insulating topcoat 23 and again fed back to the upper basket 33. Depending on the height of the heat storage tank 1, in the summer period, the heat storage material in the lower layers it can also acquire a high temperature. Therefore, the inner cavity of the upper duct 33 can be connected by a thermally insulated pipeline to the means 16 for removing and converting the thermal energy of the solar thermal power station, more precisely, to the means for forming its central energy air flow (this is not shown in the illustrations). Due to this, the thermal energy from the helioteploconverter convectively is practically not lost to the environment. The limitation of radiation heat loss is largely achieved by the use of special helioconcentrators built into a translucent heat-insulating box 33.

The air layer 12 is also an effective means of reducing heat loss through the walls and bottom of the heat storage tank 1, especially since it is connected, as shown in FIG. 1, to the means 16 for collecting and converting thermal energy of the solar thermal power plant by means of a controlled pneumatic valve 14 and an air compressor 15 with the participation of the sensor temperature 13. In connection with such a useful selection of heated air in the upper part of the air layer 12, air from the environment is supplied to the bottom layers of it (shown conditionally) by means of a compressor 18, an inverse pneumatic valve 19 using the pressure sensor 17 and an air relief valve 20 (or heat exchange is carried out through circulation). Due to the application of the circuits described above with compressors 15, 18, as well as pneumatic valves 26, non-return valves 27, pressure sensors 25 and feed compressors 28, non-return valves 29, pressure sensors 30 and fuses 31, not only air heat and mass transfer, but also fine control of the ratio of the pressures of the heat storage material 2, with air additive 3, in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 and the air layer 12. Fuse 31 (safety air valve) and air safety valve 20 olnyayutsya preferably a differential circuit. Given the importance of maintaining the given pressures, these devices along the perimeter of the heat storage tank 1 are installed in parallel for several sets.

If a high-temperature liquid substance is used as a heat-accumulating material or a heat carrier, which makes it possible to increase the energy intensity of the solar thermal converter, then the supply of heat-transferring air to the heat-storage tank from the ducts 33 is associated with significant limitations. The most appropriate solution in this case is the creation in a liquid medium of closed air cavities 48, in particular, of thin low-elastic material, the air inlets and outlets of which are shown in dashed lines (Figure 1). In this case, the air flow 3 from the translucent heat-insulating duct 33 is cooled by the lower layer of heat-accumulating material through the material covering the air cavity 48, thereby heat and mass transfer and heat loss recovery from the helioplastic duct 4 are carried out. Air cavities 48 in a continuous liquid medium can be produced using high-temperature, cheap polymer films rubber cavities and installed in calculated quantities along the entire length of the heat storage tank 1 and even at different depths with switches. Isolation of air 3 (from the duct 33) from the liquid heat storage material 2 in the heat storage tank 1 is a useful measure, although it increases the cost of the solar thermal converter. An effective duplicate option is to ensure that it moves up and down pipes 116, 117, which can be installed vertically and horizontally in the heat storage tank 1 to partially harden its perimeter. Free cavities 48 can also be used if various fluids (including desalinated and salt water) are used as a fluid in the box 4 and heat-accumulating material 2 in the tank 1.

The goal of creating powerful heat storage tanks is the accumulation of thermal energy to provide technological systems for solar thermal power plants. For this, it is planned to connect heat-removing means with them. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, a heat-conducting pipe collector 49 (shown conditionally below) is installed in the heat storage tank 1, located in the upper layers of the heat-storage material, to which an auxiliary liquid working fluid is connected to the input, and its output is connected to the temperature converter 51 (temperature "transformer"). As a temperature “transformer”, a well-known, classic heat pump can be used. However, a cheaper and more effective means in many cases of using heat storage tanks is a rotating mechanical activator of a liquid, in particular water, from which the elevated temperature is removed relative to its inlet (especially using cavitation processes in it). Such a temperature thermal converter “transformer” thermodynamically consumes thermal energy from a heat storage tank at a lower temperature and transfers it to the technological systems of a solar thermal power station at a significantly increased temperature with a very high efficiency. The heat sink 52 of the heat converter, including the heat pump, transfers heat at a heat channel 53 (represented by an arrow) to the process means 16, which are part of the solar thermal equipment. However, in the case of using liquid heat-accumulating material and liquid heat carrier (water in this case), it is more expedient to take hot water through a pipe channel 114 with a switch 115, which are included in the heat-collecting circulation channel.

In Fig. 3, a heat-conducting pipe manifold 73 is placed in the heat storage tank 54, which transfers heat energy in this case to the heat point 76, in which, according to known engineering solutions, hot water is generated for washing and heating the rooms. Hot water from the outlet of the pipe collector 73 through a heat-insulated pipe 75 through a filter 78 and a hydraulic pump 77 enters the heat point 76, where it gives off part of its thermal energy and returns in a cooled form through the pipe 74 to the inlet of the pipe collector 73, where it is again heated by means of a heat storage tank 1 to the original temperature. If the temperature in the latter’s internal environment is insufficient in terms of the required parameters of thermal energy supplied to consumers, a similar thermal energy converter 51/52 is installed at the output of the hydraulic pump 77 or instead of it. The heat storage tank 1 must have such a heat capacity and a supply of heat energy accumulated in the solar period of the year so that it is sufficient for heat supply to consumers in the low-solar period of the year according to the parameters of the installed capacity of the solar thermal power station.

An electrothermal converter (not shown in the illustrations) is also installed in the heat storage tank 54, through which excess electric energy generated by the solar thermal power station is transmitted through periodic amplification of the natural wind, if the latter is used together with solar radiation.

The heat storage tank 54 can only solve the problems of heat supply, and in this case it will perform the functions of a highly efficient solar boiler, the need for which increases significantly when moving away from the equator. However, predominantly heat storage tanks 1, 54, 55 (Figs. 1, 3) are used both for the production of thermal energy and as the basic means of a full-fledged power plant - a solar thermal power plant with electric energy generation: and through the use of steam, mainly steam of easily evaporated liquid, and through the use of both wind and air flows (wind and ambient air, additionally energetically saturated due to the thermal energy of the heat storage tank and due to the disposal of personal heat loss, including heat release during steam condensation after passing it through a steam turbine generator).

In the heat storage tank 55 (FIG. 3) in this example, water is used as the heat storage material and the flowing heat carrier. Here, a heat-conducting pipe manifold 80 is used, providing operation of a steam turbine 81 with an easily evaporated liquid, a classic example of which are freon steam turbines. However, since the temperature in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 55 is, as a rule, in the range of 50-90 ° C, other liquids with a boiling point, in the worst case, up to 50 ° C, can be used instead of freon for the steam turbine to work. When using an intermediate heat converter - "transformer" in a steam turbine, even ordinary water steam can be used, since by means of a heat "transformer" water in the intermediate tank can be heated for these purposes to a temperature of 150 ° C or more due to the creation of increased internal pressure in it . However, the most economical in this case will also be the use of a liquid with a low boiling point in the temperature range of 20-50 ° C.

In the given example, the easily collectible liquid from the source 83 enters the pipe manifold 80 through the pipe 82, in which it is converted into steam with the specified thermodynamic parameters, and it is supplied through the pipe - the steam pipe 84 to the input of the steam turbine 81, coupled with an electric generator (in the illustrations not shown). Waste steam from the turbine 81 enters the refrigeration unit 85, where it condenses and enters the accumulator 83 of easily evaporated liquid as its continuous source for the operation of the turbine (pump unit, filters and safety devices are not shown in the illustrations). To ensure the operation of the refrigeration unit, cooling means are required, as cold water is most often used (shown by arrow 86). The use of thermal energy released in the refrigeration unit 85 during condensation of steam - the so-called heat loss, requires important technical solutions (in order to increase the efficiency of heat energy use of the heat storage tank). An analogue of such a solution in standard thermal power plants using cooling towers is far from efficient. The necessary technical options for the disposal of heat loss as applied to steam condensers and solar heat converters are developed by analogy with the above heat transfer from translucent heat-insulating boxes 33 (Figure 2).

Figure 3, 4 shows the use of technological passages and driveways. Due to the simplicity and reliability of the proposed design of the solar thermal converter, its maintenance, and, in particular, boxes 4, 33, and in general its direct-use technologies is rarely performed. Nevertheless, solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes with their equipment still need periodic access for supervision, washing and maintenance. Therefore, for this purpose, passages sufficient in width to be placed between the two should be placed between the two specialists. Optimum for such work is a width of 0.5 meters or more. The width of these boxes for the convenience of their maintenance personnel is 1 meter or more. This means that at least one third of the territory (without taking into account technological passageways) will be allocated to passages in this version without the energy loss of solar radiation. Therefore, the proposed technical solution provides for the installation of special cheap solar concentrators directly above the baskets 4, 33 (Figure 4), which allow the energetic use of those sun rays, the direct path of which is oriented past the baskets 4, 33 - to the technological passages, with combining due to them while also other, cost-effective functions.

These helioconcentrators (Figure 4) - concentrators and conductors of sunlight (upper beam concentrators) have an elongated hollow pyramid shape, the side walls 90 of which are covered with a beam-reflecting (mirror) material 91 from the inside, in particular made of it, and their upper translucent heat-insulating base 94 the sun's rays 32 pass inside. Due to the beam reflections, the latter are oriented to the spatial zone 89 of the upper ducts 33, and then to the spatial zone 88 of the lower helium-absorbing ducts 4. Their g the non-absorbing surfaces 93 are significantly smaller than the areas of the upper bases 94 of the helioconcentrators than the helioconcentration coefficient is determined. For high-quality reflection of the sun's rays 32 on the helioplastic surface 93, the angle of inclination of the side walls 90 (91) should be close to 80 ° relative to the horizontal helioplastic surface. This determines that with the width of the heliopolymer boxes 4 and the width of the process passages 62 (Fig. 3) of the same size, one meter, the height of the top bases 94 of the helioconcentrators relative to the heliopoil surfaces 93 should be about 3 meters. With an increase in the area of technological passages relative to the area of helioplastic boxes, to expand their use for economic and economic purposes without significant energy losses of solar radiation in helioconcentrators, the height of the bases 94 should be increased accordingly. The heated air medium due to heat loss from the radiation reflection inside the helioconcentrators is also included in heat loss utilization systems, which is not shown in FIG. 4.

The adjacent lateral sides of the bases 94 are aligned with each other along lines 95, which in FIG. 4 are projected to a point, forming the top of a pyramid-shaped surface elongated in length and covering technological passages from above.

This already means that the working staff can maintain boxes 4, 33 during precipitation, bad weather, which increases the efficiency of maintenance. At the same time, the expansion of the area of technological passages without significant loss of the amount of used solar energy focuses on the use of these areas and spaces rarely used for technical supervision for other combined purposes - for the cultivation of vegetables, berries and even fruits. With the closure of the ends of the created technological spaces, a heated bulk medium is formed for greenhouse cultivation of plants, since the top cover 23 of the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), with all the quality of thermal insulation, is a heat generating base that provides the necessary greenhouse regimes. For the convenience of equipment maintenance, cultivated plants are planted in mobile planting containers, raised to a small height above the surface of the aisle.

The described technical solution is very promising, urgently needed for the near future due to the intensive population growth, including taking into account the fact that this design of the solar thermal converter is designed for water-based, including surface and surface water layers of the seas and oceans, and the size of the landing area can make up 60-70% of the allotted area for the solar thermal converter. Thus, the latter can be attributed to the technological installations of surface greenhouses, providing them with heat and additionally generating commercial thermal and electric energy. In addition, the water-based solar thermal converter is suitable for fish farming, including for breeding and preserving fish, cultivating other seafood.

Since the elongated side walls, pyramid-like covering technological passages - spaces, obscure them in such a way that sunlight enters mainly through the southern end translucent surfaces, the device according to the invention provides for the creation of mirror-reflecting rooms above the technological passages for a greenhouse cultivated vegetation, including including: lateral reflective coatings 92 (or translucent lateral walls 90 with an internal reflective coating Thieme 91 for geliokontsentratsii); surfaces - top coatings 23 in the aisles and landing tanks (96) (Figure 4) coated with their reflective materials (92). It is known that when organizing the multiple reflection of sunlight in the medium of growing plants, their external exposure should be significantly reduced. This effect is used here. In addition, as indicated above, the surfaces and spaces above the heliopads and technological passages are covered by an additional continuous translucent heat-insulating layer of the bases 94, and therefore, heated air can be extracted from the internal air cavity of the system of these helioconcentrators to use heat loss energy, both convective and associated reflection of rays in the technological equipment of solar thermal power plants. Heat losses associated with infrared radiation of the boxes 4, 33 are also significantly limited - due to the use of the above built-in beam concentrators.

Technological driveways 56, 57, 63 (Figure 3) are also used for both energy and economic purposes. In particular, similar helium-absorbing boxes 4 are placed above technological aisles at an altitude of about 3 meters on support racks, which, in turn, are used to install vertical beam-reflecting panels marked in bold lines and to fix structures (72) of landing tanks (shown by dashed lines, Figure 3). Landing tanks 96 are placed on structures 72 transverse relative to waterways, mainly at a height of 1.2 meters or more, so that special boats with maintenance personnel and technological devices pass under them.

In the transverse technological passage 63, an example is placed 64 of an economic and economic structure 64, several of which can be installed in various passages and / or along the northern perimeter of the solar thermal converter.

In these buildings (64), mainly exothermic technological processes are located, the production of valuable products of which is associated with significant emissions of thermal energy, which is sent for recycling. In addition, on the surface of the walls and roofs of these structures are installed similar helium-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 (Figs. 1, 4) included in the circulating channels described above, as well as reflective panels, where it is economically feasible.

Economic and economic structures (64) for exothermic technologies can be carried out movable, moveable on water and consist of detachable technological modules in order to facilitate their quick relocation. Utilization of heat losses of their exothermic technologies can be combined with the designs of circulation channels, ducts 4, 33 and / or heat insulating substrates 44 with helioplastic coatings (Figs. 3, 4). Such structures (64) can also be used to place certain equipment of the solar thermal converter in them, in particular pumps, compressors, etc.

Figure 4 shows a horizontal translucent surface, for example, of a polymer or glass film, which is formed by the upper bases 94 joined together by each other - the input windows of the helioconcentrators. Heli-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 are located at the same level. They are installed above technological waterways, between which longitudinal gaps are formed, directed coaxially with technological passages 62 on heat-storage tanks 54, 55 and watercraft 58, 59 - heat-insulating floating substrates. If these gaps are closed with a translucent material, as shown by hatching over the passage 56 (Figure 3), then a continuous translucent coating is formed over the entire solar thermal converter at the same level, mainly including structures 64. Thus, the solar thermal converter is converted into a continuous greenhouse on the surface of the reservoir, which provided in this technical solution. The problem is that large hail or snow, where they occur, can damage such a light-transmitting heat-insulating coating with its weight or impacts when dropped. Therefore, Figure 4 shows another important technical solution - by placing over the last high-strength material or film, rewound in strips of 6-10 meters wide above the solar thermal converter along its entire length. In particular, fiberglass or fiberglass 97 as a rewind material is stretched by cables and parallel threads 103, 104 (shown by a dotted line) between the rewinding drums. Sand, snow, hail, accumulating on the rewinding material 97, are dumped by it in one direction or another, beyond the limits of the solar thermal converter. In this way, the entire surface of the solar thermal converter is removed and protected from damage. The rewound material may be translucent or dark, but preferably translucent. In non-sunny time, the rewound material occupies an appropriate position and additionally insulates the surface to be protected, while in the daytime non-sunny time it also passes in an appropriate amount of diffused daylight, which is useful. Thanks to all the above, the efficiency and reliability of the solar thermal converter increases to the necessary and sufficient level. This turns out to be automated cleaning of the territory of the latter, which reduces operating costs.

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the use of these lower helioconcentrators 105, built into the additional heat-insulating medium of the helioplastic boxes 33, covered from above and covered around the perimeter by upper helioconcentrators with translucent bases 94 - windows (the latter is not illustrated in Figure 5, so as not to complicate the understanding of the main ) In this case, the sun's rays 32 pass through the bases 94 of the upper solar concentrators, the bases 34 of the translucent heat-insulating boxes 33 and through the built-in pyramid-shaped heat-insulating beam concentrators 105 fall on the helioplastic surface 93 of the heat-insulating substrate 44, which in this embodiment is the helioplastic base of the helioplastic box 44. heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1, containing heated water 2 as heat-storage material, etc. there is a water-air mixture 3, consisting of an aqueous coolant 3 boxes 4 and an auxiliary air coolant (also with number 3) boxes 33 (Fig.5, 1, 2). The sun's rays 32 pass through the built-in beam concentrator 105 directly or with the help of beam-reflecting surfaces 109 of its walls 108.

The angle at the apex 111 of the integrated beam concentrator does not exceed 20 ° (its optimum value is 10-15 °), which allows all the rays entering the upper base 106 to pass (without back reflections) to the helioplastic surface 93. These rays are heated in concentrated beams (by heliopaque surface 93) liquid heat carrier 3 (in this case, water) in the helioplastic box 4. The thermal energy obtained in this way enters the heat storage tank 1 and accumulates there for a long period.

Heat losses from the solar absorber box 4 meet significant additional resistance due to a decrease in the area of light-permeable heat-insulating bases 107, limited by interconnected adjacent inclined walls 108. The area of the base 107 of each built-in beam concentrator 105 is 3-4 times smaller than the area of its upper base 106, due to which, respectively and heat losses are reduced, and the temperature in the helioplastic boxes 4 increases to a predetermined value. Since the cost in the practical implementation of integrated beam concentrators in the conditions of their factory mass production is very low, their economic efficiency is extremely high.

Heat losses that pass through the air cavities of the built-in beam concentrators 105, in turn, enter the air environment of the translucent heat insulating box 33, which periodically or continuously (with speed control) enters for their disposal, in particular, into the heat storage tank 1. In the latter, the air stream from box 33 can enter directly into the liquid coolant 2, rise through the latter up and diverted through the air duct 39 back into the box 33 (Figure 1). However, Figures 1, 5 show an air passage (air "bag") 48, through which the heat-utilizing air flow can pass through the circulation channel without passing through water and without creating a two-phase medium in the coolant 3 and heat-accumulating material 2.

In addition, since vertical and horizontal pipes (116, 117) are installed in the heat storage tank 1 to partially fix its perimeter, the latter can also be used to pass heat-utilizing air flow through them. In addition, the heat-utilizing airflow can also be pumped through the elastic air cavity 113, the main purpose of which is to fine-tune automatically the position of the heat storage tank 1 relative to the surface of the reservoir.

The proposed technical solutions according to the invention allow to provide a low unit cost (with a great prospect of further reducing it): heat storage capacity (the use of cheap and rigid foam materials suitable for construction, with the amount of air bubble impurities in them up to 80-90% of their volume, with at the same time fixing its upper coating by means of the heat storage material itself); solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes with combining them into a single technological, one-piece modular design of factory-made ones (with effective detachable joining of their assembly units by means of the simplest joints made in the factory, using cheap materials, especially with the subsequent transition to thin, cheap and especially strong glass films); designs of circulating channel arrangements with short pipe connections; technological passages and driveways with the simultaneous production of valuable products and combining this production with the main energy processes and helioconcentration; very effective layouts of heat storage tanks and installations of helioplastic boxes on the simplest water craft - heat insulating substrates; connections of heat storage tanks with means of removal and transfer of thermal energy in efficient designs, including the use of liquid coolants and heat removal circulating channels. Such technical solutions make it possible to create programs to reduce the unit cost of solar thermal converters and solar thermal power plants to values not available when using other known technical solutions.

This technical solution is very effective even with the implementation of only the first paragraph of the claims, however, the use of its subsequent paragraphs increases its technical and economic efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. A water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power plants, containing a heat storage tank located in the water environment of a body of water, for example in the marine area, fixed in the water area relative to the underwater base, in particular, by anchor means afloat, filled with a liquid medium, mainly water, as a heat storage material, moreover, the heat storage tank is made using heat-insulating bottoms, walls, and the ceiling in the form of an air-permeable platform, which equipped with a bearing base, blackened from above, through air holes and a translucent heat-insulating coating, energetically connected with at least one solar concentrator located above and / or next to them, and a fluid medium is air as a heat carrier, the motion path of which includes air intakes located beneath the surface of the translucent heat insulating coating, a heat storage tank, an air permeable helioplastic platform and at least m re, one outlet opening connected by pipe channels to the internal environment of the heat accumulator and to the means of removal and conversion of thermal energy that are part of the technological equipment of solar thermal power plants, characterized in that the heat storage tank contains the indicated bottom, walls and top coating made using a rigid heat-insulating air-saturated material, in particular foam concrete and / or foam glass, and fixed along the side perimeter by means of an openwork load-bearing structure, internal the free cavities of which are hydrothermally insulated from the external environment and contain a heat-utilizing medium connected through control devices to the means for removing and converting thermal energy, which are part of the technological equipment of the solar thermal power station, and filled with water as a heat-accumulating material, used simultaneously as the main support base for the named floating topcoat why its internal heat storage medium is connected to means for setting and regulating excess pressure in it using, in the presence of ebbs and flows, automatically controlled anchor means, and on its upper heat-insulating coating, hollow helium-absorbing ducts are stretched outside, elongated and joined together in length in transportable channels of a heated fluid heat carrier, equipped with their opposite ends with inlet and outlet openings, and the bases of each of the helioplastic boxes are made of dark heat-conducting material and / or translucent heat-insulating material from above in combination with blackening of the lower base, while the solar-absorbing ducts are covered from above with translucent air-filled constructions in the form of the second - upper translucent heat-insulating ducts, creating a closed heat-insulating air environment above them, the input and output openings of the solar-absorbing ducts being connected to the internal liquid heat storage capacity by means of at least one heat transfer circulating channel a fluid heat carrier connected thermodynamically with the latter, and a closed heat-insulating air contained in the upper translucent heat-insulating boxes is connected as one of the means of heat loss utilization to a heat storage tank and / or to the aforementioned technological equipment of a solar thermal power plant through autonomous air pipelines and circulating heat this in the air of the upper translucent heat-insulating boxes placed flat floor e of elongated concentrators and conductors of sunlight - built-in ray concentrators as the named solar concentrator, the lateral surfaces of which are made as reflective and form elongated heat-insulating beam-reflecting profiles of triangular cross section, in particular hollow, and their geometric and optical parameters are established by parallel fixing of the named profiles at calculated distances, with the help of which lightweight structures in the form of rectangular frames are created, pyramid-shaped slits built into them and elongated to an appropriate length, and the total area of the upper bases of these slotted openings exceeds the area of the lower ones, and they, like the bases of the built-in beam concentrators, facing the incoming sunlight, are covered with translucent heat-insulating material, and between adjacent technologies on the surface of the heat-insulating top coating of the heat-storage tank with helioplastic boxes passages, while the upper layers of the heat storage material of the internal environment of the heat storage tank and / or heat recovery medium located in the internal cavities of the openwork load-bearing structure are connected to at least one heat transducer, which is thermodynamically connected with the said means for removing and converting heat energy that are part of the technological equipment of the solar thermal power station, and the return taps from the heat converter are connected respectively to their lower layers, while the internal environment of the heat storage tank is connected thermodynamically with electrothermal converters connected to electric voltage sources, and is equipped with sealed hatches. 2. The water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that closed free cavities are placed in the heat storage tank, made of rigid heat-conducting and / or elastic material, to which volume and pressure regulators are connected via an air medium as a working medium. 3. A water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that a second pyramid-shaped external concentrator and a conductor of solar rays are located above said field of built-in flat beam concentrators as one of the levels of the named solar concentrator, which covers the field of built-in radiant concentrators with its lower hollow base , the lateral faces of the external concentrator and the conductor of sunlight diverging upwards contain ray-reflecting material, and The upper base is covered with translucent material, facing the incoming sunlight from the surrounding space and together with the lower base is elongated along the width of the heat storage tank, which, in turn, is elongated, in particular, from west to east, and the upper bases of adjacent external concentrators and conductors of sunlight are interconnected with the formation between them of longitudinal translucent and heat-insulating sections of small width, which simultaneously created pyramid-like heat insulating and weatherproof coatings of technological passages, inside of which radiation-reflecting material is also applied and planting containers for the cultivation of vegetables, berries and other plant crops are placed. 4. The water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the reservoir using floating heat-insulating substrates-rafts, which are located mainly parallel to the heat-storage capacity, additional solar-absorbing boxes are installed, covered with light-transmitting, radiation-concentrating and heat-insulating structures between them, while the data box width are placed in parallel rows, elongated in length, in particular, with eastward, and the heat-accumulating tank and the raft substrates carrying the specified equipment are equipped with technological waterways, above which the upper rows of similar helium-absorbing baskets with light-permeable gaps between them are mainly placed and which are used simultaneously for growing vegetables, berries and other cultivated plants in landing tanks located at a technologically defined height above the reservoir, and / or for the placement of floating structures purposeful - energy and economic, using their external surfaces to install additional beam-reflecting structures and similar helium-absorbing boxes fixed to the surfaces of these structures included in the said circulation channels with a flowing coolant, the internal spaces of which are equipped mainly with exothermic manufactures, and floating heat-insulating substrates - rafts and structures on technological waterways are fixed relative to t ploakkumuliruyuschey vessel and translucent apertures on the latter, between boxes helio-absorbent, closed translucent insulating material. 5. The water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that parallel to the said heat storage tank additional similar heat storage tanks are located with solar absorbing boxes located on them in similar structures and technological water passageways are created between them, while the heat storage tanks and solar-absorbing ducts are included in the corresponding circulating channel systems by means of underwater and / or surface heat taped pipelines, which are fixed in its combined floating base. 6. A water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to one of claims 1, 4, 5, characterized in that in it, at least in part of its heat storage tanks and solar cells, a high-temperature liquid substance is used as heat storage material, and as a flowing heat carrier - a similar material and / or gaseous substance, while the solar-absorbing ducts are made for high pressure conditions through the use of dark metal flat pipelines, with abzhennyh detachable hydraulic connections at the ends. 7. A water-based solar thermal converter for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one heat transfer circulation channel for consumer heat supply is connected to it.

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