RU2344353C1 - Helium heat regenerator with fluid heat-carrier for helium heat power stations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to solar power engineering. The helium heat regenerator with fluid heat-carrier for helium heat power stations includes a heat-retaining vessel placed, at least, partially, in foundation of the soil surface ditch, filled mainly with crushed stone as heat-retaining material, with bottom, walls and top covering of said thermal energy storage canister made of rigid foamy heat-insulating material, air or water being used as a transportable heat-carrier. On the heat-insulating top covering of the heat-retaining vessel, helium absorbing boxes are placed in whose internal cavity air or water circulates as a heat-carrier, each box being covered from above with the second one - transparent heat-insulating box containing closed heat-insulating aerial environment which is pumped over by a heat loss recycling system through the heat retaining vessel, or other thermodynamic installations. Helium absorbing boxes are heat-insulated from environment by transparent material. According to individual versions of the invention, said boxes have pyramid-shaped external helium concentrator placed on them, with its lateral faces covering technological passages made therebetween which also can be used for growing plants. Other vessels with the similar equipment and additional helium absorbing boxes on heat insulated supports are placed in parallel to the heat-retaining vessel directly in/on the ground, with technological passages being made between them. The above-mentioned passages can be used for growing plants as well as for accommodating facilities intended for both power and economic purposes. The heat-retaining vessels are supplied with circulating channels through which their thermal energy is transmitted for its intended technological purpose, including means of thermal and electric energy production. The helium heat regenerator allows for producing thermal energy for helium heat power stations in allocated area with high technical and economic performances and is created as a typical basic technological facility to be widely constructed at a high commercial and consumer efficiency, and can also be constructed as an environmentally safe and economically effective helium boiler.

EFFECT: production of thermal energy for helium heat power stations in allocated area with high technical and economic performances.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar energy complexes that convert the sun's rays into thermal energy, accumulate it and distribute it to consumer objects in order to produce commercial thermal and electric energy.

The basis of the present invention is the creation of such designs of solar heat converters, which use dark surfaces that absorb sunlight, transported heat carriers in the form of air, special gases or liquids with increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity that transfer the thermal energy of solar radiation to heat storage devices containing heat storage materials - heat storage materials in bulk solids (e.g. crushed stone and sand), liquid media (e.g. water, mineral oils, molten paraffins, organosilicon compounds) or mixtures thereof and equipped with means for regulating the pressure and speed of the flowing coolant in them. At the same time, heat accumulators are heat-insulated drives and sources of thermal energy of a given capacity for a given, often long period, and they provide thermal energy to technological means of solar thermal power plants for generating commercial thermal and electric energy.

Known technical solutions in this area, among which the closest for industrial implementation, according to the authors, as a result of studying patent and scientific and technical information, are the following.

The device created by RF patent No. 2200915 "Method for creating powerful solar energy installations" (F24J 2/42, published March 20, 2003), contains a heat storage tank immersed in the water environment of a reservoir filled with water as heat storage material and bounded around the perimeter by the walls and bottoms made with a polymer film mounted on a flexible wire frame and insulated from the environment with a translucent dome. Above the open surface of the heat storage tank under the translucent heat-insulating dome is a platform made of a flexible wire frame filled with breathable solar-absorbing material, in particular, metal tiles with through holes. In this solar thermal conversion design, the air flow from the external environment as a transported heat carrier passes over the heat-accumulating water medium heated by the sun's rays through a light-permeable coating, and then passes from the bottom up through the indicated solar-absorbing air-permeable platform, in which it is additionally heated by the energy of solar radiation, and sent to the means of removal conversion of thermal energy of solar thermal power plants, including the input of a wind turbine power plant, is equipped with driven traction pipe. This device is marketable and can provide significant power generation. However, in this device, the design of the helioconversion part thereof requires improvement, first of all, reducing the length of the path of the coolant and increasing its temperature. Its most significant drawback is the single passage of air as a heat carrier over a heat storage tank with a water surface and through a heliopaque air-permeable platform, under a light-permeable dome, to overcome which creation of circulation channels of the heat carrier is required. Therefore, in a known design, in order to obtain a given capacity of a solar energy installation, it is necessary to increase the surfaces of the heat storage tank and the air permeable platform, and therefore, the unit cost of the solar thermal converter relative to the appropriate level for such solar energy objects. A better heat-insulating coating of the heat storage tank is also required.

The device, created by RF patent No. 2199023 “Wind energy complex” (F03D 9/00, F24J 2/42, published February 20, 2003), contains a heat storage tank using crushed stone as a heat storage material, covered with a translucent heat-insulating material, the surface of which is under a light-permeable The dome absorbs the thermal energy of the sun's rays. Air as a heat carrier passes from the environment from below through cavities, voids between the stones of hot gravel and, when heated, enters the zone of the back side of the wind wheel and accelerates its rotation. Under the rubble is placed a breathable carrier base.

In this case, there is the same main drawback as in the first case - a single passage of the coolant through the heat storage tank. As in the first case, it is necessary in this installation to use circulation channels of the coolant. A positive factor is the passage of air as a coolant through a thick layer of crushed stone, which has a high (predetermined) total heat capacity and low unit cost, which allows it to be used as a filler in a heat storage tank with filling of free cavities in it with a gas or liquid coolant.

Both of the above devices contain the basic elements of a technical solution, which is the basis for creating a more advanced helioteploconversion device and the purpose of the present invention.

The objective of the latter is to develop such a design of a heat storage tank in conjunction with a heat storage material and a heat carrier, such a trajectory of the transported heat carrier and such a structural combination of the heliopaque surface with this trajectory and translucent heat insulating surfaces, so that the volumes and distances of movement of the heat carrier are minimized, and the heat and the unit cost of the solar thermal converter on the created On a constructive basis, I would get the prospect of a steady reduction to the unit cost price of CHPP boilers and even lower, despite the use of low-potential solar energy as the primary source of thermal energy.

The technical result of this solution, according to the invention, is that, in contrast to the specified prototype, the bottom and side surfaces are used - walls of a heat storage tank made of rigid foam material, such as aerated concrete, foam concrete or foam glass, with a high content of heat-insulating bubbles in it, so that its specific gravity and cost are low with very low thermal conductivity. In this case, the bottom of the foam insulating material is located on an even bearing base, for example, on a ground with crushed stone and sand preparation, so that its vertical compression load is uniform. The walls of the heat storage tank, forming its lateral perimeter, are made of foam material plates fixed to a specially created openwork supporting structure that separates them from the external environment (soil, air or water) containing a heat insulating fluid in its free internal cavity connected to the disposal system (beneficial use) of heat losses that come into it from the internal cavity of the heat storage tank. In addition, the latter is also equipped with an upper heat-insulating coating, which is made using the lower and upper layers of rigid foam material, and between them there is an intermediate layer of flexible or granular air-saturated material with particularly high thermal insulation properties by means of vertical retaining walls.

The main supporting base of the upper heat-insulating coating of the heat-storage tank is the heat-storage material itself and a fluid heat carrier placed in the heat-storage tank, the pressure in the latter being set and stabilized by automatic means, which significantly reduces the cost of the design. The walls of the heat storage tank are held under the pressure of its internal environment, indicated by the openwork load-bearing structure, and in addition, by specially installed pre-stressed structures from pipes, ropes or beams of rectangular sections, fixed to the openwork load-bearing structures, between their opposite sides.

Thus, in contrast to the specified prototype, the heat storage tank is made in the original design, providing a high level of thermal insulation, heat recovery of heat losses, as well as its stability and durability.

The solar thermal design in this technical solution also contains a significant modernization of the devices according to the above patents in the form of creating their highly efficient technological counterpart. It is made in the form of a hollow box with helioplastic upper or lower bases, whereby the transported (pumped) coolant is heated by the sun's rays in the sunny period of time and carries thermal energy into the internal environment of the heat storage tank, continuously circulating between them, for which purpose there are appropriate means to ensure circulation (circulation) of the coolant. These tools are air compressors, fans or hydraulic pumps with associated equipment and piping. In this case, short heat-insulated pipelines were used in the circulation channels, as a result of which the temperature of heating the coolant at the inlet to the heat storage tank is determined mainly by the allowable physicochemical characteristics of the coolant and can reach or exceed 100 ° C, and in special cases reach 200 or more ° FROM. In this case, instead of an array of small through channels for the passage of air as a coolant in the heliopads platform of the prototype design, the new technical solution uses correspondingly located through holes in the upper coating of the heat storage tank, sealed with pipelines, and pipelines connected to the circulation channel are used, which also represents highly efficient technological analogue of the prototype design.

In order to reduce heat loss to the environment from these heliosorbing boxes, above the latter, according to the invention, are placed the second - upper boxes, instead of domes in prototype structures, made in the form of translucent heat-insulating structures with a closed heat-insulating air (or special gas) medium, which is connected periodically , at time intervals, or with the regulation of the speed of a continuous flow of fluid - mainly air, in accordance with the intensity heat loss, to additional means of recycling heat loss. As part of the solar thermal converter, technological passages and driveways are also used, and the surfaces of the technological passages are insulated by the sides of the pyramid-shaped solar concentrators located above these boxes, and the heat storage tanks are thermodynamically connected to the corresponding consumers of thermal energy. All this provides a solution to the main problem - a significant increase in the efficiency of the solar thermal converter, the temperature in the heat-storage material and the supply of thermal energy for future use.

Particular technical results of the invention are the sharply reduced unit cost of the solar thermal converter, which allows mass construction of solar thermal power plants, the possibility of cultivating plantings in the area allotted for energy production, the reliability and durability of the energy complex, and a number of others.

The specified technical result, taking into account the foregoing, in the implementation of the present invention is achieved by the fact that with respect to the known device comprising a heat storage tank filled mainly with bulk heat storage material, mainly crushed stone, and a fluid transported coolant, in particular a gaseous medium, for example air, or a liquid medium, for example, water, and it is made using heat-insulating bottoms and walls, as well as the upper heat-insulating coating in the form of breathable helioplastic platform with the use of metal plates or sheets of dark color with through holes in them, connecting their surfaces with the internal medium of the heat storage tank, the air cavity located above the latter, the outer perimeter of which is limited to a light-tight heat-insulating surface fixed above it, a circulation channel using units transporting liquid and / or gaseous materials, through which the internal environment of the heat storage tank the bone is connected to the indicated air cavity, due to which a heat-accumulating thermodynamic circuit with a fluid coolant is created, and a second circulation channel connecting, using thermodynamic means, the internal cavity of the heat storage tank with the means for removing and converting thermal energy included in the heliothermal power plant technological equipment, due to which a heat-removing thermodynamic channel has been created that transfers thermal energy according to its technological purpose; there are differences The fact is that the upper coating of the heat-storage tank is made by constructively combining hard heat-insulating material as a carrier substrate, a rigid foam material and / or light air-saturated filler with enhanced heat-insulating properties, placed on the heat-storage material as on the main support base and equipped with a calculated quantity and technologically a predetermined location of the said through holes, with pipe inserts in them, and at least over part of its outer The surfaces are equipped with hollow helium-absorbing boxes, the bases of each of which are made of dark heat-conducting material and / or translucent heat-insulating material in combination with the dark surfaces of the lower bases and are hermetically sealed with light-transmitting heat-insulating structures in the form of light-transmitting heat-insulating second - upper boxes, creating an air-tight heat-insulating material , while these boxes are made elongated, mainly from north to south, their pop river sides contain passageways and means for connecting them to each other, due to which they are stacked in length in transportable groups connected to the internal environment of the heat storage tank through heat-accumulating circulation channels, and a closed heat-insulating air medium located in the translucent heat-insulating upper boxes and their group connections, connected as a means of utilizing heat loss to a heat storage tank and / or to the specified process equipment heliotep power plants with the help of additional heat-insulated air ducts, while the heat-storage tank, which, in turn, is elongated mainly from west to east, is equipped with protective means of protection against excessive pressure fluctuations and temperature meters of its internal environment, and between adjacent helioplastic boxes on the external surface of the heat-insulating upper coating of the heat-storage tank technological passages are formed, used simultaneously for cultivating ultraviolet plants, the internal environment of the latter being connected by thermodynamic means to at least one heat converter, which is connected by means of heat transfer means to the said means of removing and converting thermal energy of the solar thermal power plant, while the said internal environment of the heat storage capacity is thermodynamically connected also with an electrothermal converter connected to a source of electrical energy of a solar thermal power station.

The difference also lies in the fact that, on the surface of the soil or above it, with the help of heat-insulating substrates, additional helium-absorbing ducts, covered with translucent heat-insulating upper ducts as a means of utilization of heat losses, equipped with technological passages between them, are placed, mainly parallel to the heat-accumulating containers, while these ducts placed in parallel rows, elongated in length, and the heat storage tank and parallel rows of additional helium-absorbing boxes The s are equipped with technological passages between them, which are used simultaneously for growing vegetables, berries and other cultivated plants, in particular, in planting containers located at a technologically defined height above the soil level, and for accommodating dual-use structures - energy and economic, the use of their external surfaces for the installation of beam-reflecting structures and similar helioplastic boxes fixed to the surfaces of these structures included in the aforementioned kulyatsionnye channels with a heating fluid, while their internal spaces - to house mainly heat generating processes.

The difference lies in the fact that similar heat storage tanks are placed in parallel with the named heat storage tank with solar absorbing boxes located above them in similar structures and technological passages and passages created between them, while heat storage tanks and solar absorption boxes are included in the corresponding circulation channel systems by means of heat-insulated air pipes and / or water pipes.

The difference is also that the bottom and walls of the heat storage tanks are made using foamy rigid heat-insulating material, are installed, at least in part, by pits dug in the ground, provided with waterproofing and secured around the perimeter by openwork breathable load-bearing structures, closed from the external environment with insulating moisture-wind-resistant material, and the free heat-insulated cavities created with the help of this material are filled with heat-utilizing fluid, which is connected on the means of removal and conversion of thermal energy included in the technological equipment of the solar thermal power plant, while the upper heat-insulating coatings of the heat-storage tanks as roofs are placed at a structurally predetermined height relative to the soil level, and the solar-absorbing boxes are equipped with solar concentrators made in the form of reflective surfaces.

The difference is that a liquid substance is used in it as a fluid coolant, and the gel absorption boxes are made with increased pressure in it by using dark metal flat pipelines equipped with detachable hydraulic connections at the ends, and bulk material and heat-accumulating material are used in the heat-storage tank / or similar coolant fluid.

The difference is that the upper bases of the helioplastic boxes are made by means of high-temperature glass and / or its technical analogue, their sides are made as helioplastic and solar-reflecting from a strong heat-insulating material, and the lower bases are also made of heat-insulating material with blackening and waterproofing as the bottoms of the helioplastic boxes , and the latter are joined together in length, which creates a flat, elongated mainly from north to south, heat-accumulating light a visible cavity, while a second translucent heat-insulating cavity is sealed above the latter, the internal air medium of which is connected to heat recovery means entering the latter.

The difference is that the sides and bases of the solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes located above them are made in high-performance factory production as single elongated, integral structures of fixed transportable length, equipped with means for their subsequent tight connection between themselves and with main pipelines, due to which these boxes form typical assembly units, including one input and one output end sides, while e typical assembly units are installed on the upper heat-insulating coating of the heat storage tank and / or above it at a technologically specified height.

The difference is that a second pipe collector made of thermally conductive material is connected to the internal environment of the heat storage tank by means of thermodynamic means, connected by its inlet to the source of the liquid working fluid with a low boiling point, and by its outlet through the steam line to the steam turbine as one of the named means of removal and conversion of thermal energy of the heat storage capacity.

The difference is also that the heat-recovery medium created using openwork breathable supporting structures around the perimeter of the heat storage tank is connected with the help of thermodynamic means with a heat pump and / or a heat transformer connected by the output side to the means of removal and conversion of heat energy, which is part of the technological equipment for solar thermal power plants.

The difference is also that in the presence of significant free water spaces, marine water areas, its heat storage capacity is placed in the aquatic environment autonomously and / or in conjunction with the solar thermal equipment complex.

Further explanations of the essence of the invention will be given based on FIGS. 1-5, by means of which one of the options for its implementation is presented.

Figure 1 gives an example of a schematic diagram of the design of a solar thermal converter.

Figure 2 shows a variant of the design of helioplastic boxes and utilization of heat loss.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the arrangement of the equipment of the solar thermal converter in the plan.

Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic diagram of the design and placement of solar concentrators with atmospheric protection.

Figure 5 shows an example of a kinematic diagram of the rotation of the substrate of the heliopolymer box and translucent heat insulating box.

The solar thermal converter according to the invention includes a heat storage tank 1, the internal medium of which contains crushed stone 2 and air coolant 3, which fills the free cavities between the stones of the crushed stone, a solar absorber box 4 with moving air 3 as a coolant in its internal cavity, covered by a solar-absorbing heat-conducting material of its upper base 5 and its sides 6, in this case, dark metal, and the circulating heat accumulator one channel, consisting of a suction pipe-air pipe and an air compressor 7, shown in figure 1 under the same number as a single design, the maximum excess air pressure at the outlet of which does not exceed 3 atm and, mainly, is 0.05-0.2 atm , the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4, through holes 8 and the internal air environment of the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), through which the air flows 3 (shown by arrows). There are possible designs of a solar thermal converter, in which a liquid substance, for example water, molten paraffin, glycerin, antifreeze, organosilicon compounds or another, is used as a heat storage material. These substances can also be used as a fluid coolant. In addition, such a fluid coolant can be used in conjunction with a bulk heat storage material.

In this particular example, the walls and bottom of the heat storage tank 1 are made of internal 9 and external 10 layers of foam, separated by supporting inserts 11. The air gap 12 between these layers serves as an additional very significant thermal insulation. Moreover, if the air temperature in the upper part of the air gap 12 reaches a certain limit level detected by the temperature sensor 13, the pneumatic valve 14 and the auxiliary air compressor 15 are turned on, due to which the necessary volume of hot air is sent to the means 16 for collecting and converting thermal energy from the solar thermal power plant, in particular , to technological equipment acting on the central energy flow of the latter.

At the same time, the pressure sensor 17 and another auxiliary air compressor 18 with a check valve 19 restore the air pressure in the air gap to a predetermined value that can exceed the air pressure 3 in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1. The maximum allowable air pressure in the air gap 12 is limited by the safety air valve 20, and its value corresponds to the strength characteristics of the insulating material and the structural parameters of the walls and bottom of the heat storage guide the container. The latter are covered with waterproofing, which is not shown in the illustrations, and a water pump 21 is connected to the air gap 12, periodically pumping out the water condensate accumulating in it, which occurs as a result of the cooling effect of the soil 22 (conditionally covered by a curved line). In the latter, a pit was opened to accommodate a heat storage tank 1, the upper heat-insulating coating 23 of which is located at a certain structurally set height above the upper level 24 of the soil 22, convenient for technological support and maintenance of the solar thermal converter, as well as taking into account the geological characteristics of the soil.

In a more practical embodiment of the heat storage tank, instead of supporting inserts 11, openwork load-bearing structures made of concrete, foam concrete or other material of racks and beams are used, to which heat-insulating waterproofing panels of foam material are attached from the inside, and waterproofing and heat-insulating plates, film, from the outside materials that take on an external soil or wind load (above the ground surface). The inner cavity between the outer and inner heat-insulating surfaces, in which the openwork load-bearing structures are placed, can be filled in place of the air with any other fluid material, for example, water. The heat-insulating material in the inner cavity 12 perceives heat losses from the heat-accumulating material, which in all versions of the device are adsorbed by a heat pump or other heat (temperature) converter from the composition of the means 16 that are part of the solar thermal power station. Thus, one of the heat loss utilization channels is realized through the internal cavity 12 — one of the heat-utilizing circulation channels. In addition, in order to reduce the cost of the device, supporting inserts 11 or openwork load-bearing structures between the inner 9 and outer 10 heat-insulating layers of the bottom, mainly not installed. A single-layer waterproofing bottom is usually made of a thicker layer of foamy material that can withstand a specific compressive load of at least 5 atm. The composite (multilayer) heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank is installed, as on the main supporting base, on the heat storage material (including with liquid medium) by means of elastic gaskets (not shown in FIG. 1), which ensure the seismic stability of the structure. In this case, the holes 8 are supplied with pipelines along their entire length, with sealing.

In other embodiments of the heat storage tank 1, foam glass, foam or other continuously improving, heat-insulating materials can be used instead of foam concrete, and the outer layer of heat insulation 10 can be replaced by a reinforcing layer that prevents soil from shedding 22 in the air gap 12.

The internal cavity of the heat storage tank 1, in turn, is equipped with means for stabilizing the air pressure 3 in accordance with a predetermined value. For this, a pressure sensor 25 and a controllable exhaust pneumatic valve 26 with a non-return valve 27 are installed. On the other side of the heat storage tank 1, an auxiliary supply air compressor 28 with a non-return valve 29 is installed, which can be replaced by an air line (shown by a dotted line) with a number of backup channels, pressure sensors 30 and safety air valves 31.

The upper heat-insulating coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1 is made of rigid heat-insulating foam material. In other embodiments, it can be made of foam concrete with inner layers of heat-insulating material, polystyrene, with internal filling, for example, air-saturated chips.

The specified upper heat-insulating coating, made mainly of building blocks like the well-known ceiling panels, is located on the surface of crushed stone 2 as on the main support base (this makes it possible to enhance its heat-insulating properties due to a partial decrease in strength), which is also a heat-storage material, with necessary leveling of its surface by adding a thin layer of fine gravel and coarse sand. If other heat-storage material is used in the heat storage tank 1, in particular water, then in this case he (she) is the main support base for the top cover 23 (with appropriate waterproofing), with the device of auxiliary local support sections (for example, by means of pipe structures) fixed on the area of the bottom of the heat storage tank, and with the creation during operation of a small excess pressure that determines the uniform lifting force (for such a kind of ceiling to). Designs are also possible in this case without the use of auxiliary support posts.

On the outer surface of the top cover 23 of the heat storage tank 1, a series of helioplastic boxes are installed with gaps between them - technological passages. In the considered embodiment of the solar thermal converter according to FIG. 1, the solar-absorbing box 4 (each of them) is made of a dark metal sheet by forming its upper base 5, its sides 6 and flanges — horizontal shelves for their tight fastening to the upper coating 23. Sun rays 32 in daylight hours arrive on the outer surfaces 5, 6 of the helioplastic box and are converted into heat energy on them, due to which the airflow 3 in its inner cavity is heated and carries its main part to the inner dy heat storage tank 1 (3 airflow speed is regulated depending on the intensity of solar radiation). Another part of the thermal energy is lost to the environment. In order to reduce heat loss, the helioplastic box 4 is covered by a translucent heat insulating structure - a second box 33, containing a translucent upper base 34, made, for example, of thin sheet glass, the sides 35, also made, in particular, of a heliopaque or radiation reflecting material, and similar horizontal flanges intended for joint fastening with a solar absorption box 4 to the upper coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1. In other versions of the helioteplopreo verters helio-absorbent boxes can be placed on a special design of the upper heat-insulating coating heat storage capacity at a certain height, thereby creating additional planting area for cultivation of plants. The translucent heat-insulating base 34 and the sides 35 create a heat-insulating air medium 3 over the heliopanel box 4, which significantly reduces the heat loss of the latter. However, due to the flat design of the translucent box 33 with the dominant size of the upper base 34, these heat losses are still very significant, as in the well-known engineering designs of water solar heaters. In order to further reduce them significantly, its air-insulating medium 3 is pumped, according to the invention, through a second, air, circulation channel utilizing heat losses into the internal air medium of the heat storage tank 1. This circulation heat-insulating channel includes an internal heat-insulating and heat-absorbing air medium translucent duct 33, air ducts 36, air compressor or exhaust fan 37, air duct 38 with its distribution the end in the internal environment of the heat storage tank, the very named air medium 3 in it and the air duct 39 connected to the inner cavity of the light-permeable duct 33 and closing the air flow circuit - an air heat-utilizing circulation channel. In addition, the latter includes trunk pipelines 40, 41, 42, which parallelize the corresponding sections of the following pipelines: a) short sections of the air supply from the common pipe outlet 39 from the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 through line 40 to each of the total number of translucent heat-insulating boxes 33; b) short sections of the exhaust air flow from the latter through the highway 41 and the common air guide unit 37 into the common pipe 38, introducing the air flow into the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1; c) horizontal sections of pipelines 38 located along the width and length of the latter through line 42 in the medium of heat-accumulating material - crushed stone 2, which with the help of air vents 43 distribute the thermal energy of this air stream in the colder lower layers of crushed stone, in order to transfer part of the thermal energy to them, lost by the helium-absorbing box 4. Figure 1 does not show the second channel (or the second option) of utilization of heat losses of the helium-absorbing box, which is connected in the case of high heating also of the lower layers of crushed stone 2 from the cavity 33 through the additional air valve (not shown in Figure 1) to the means 16, heat energy extraction and conversion. In the latter case, the convective heat losses of the heliopolymer box will be utilized almost completely, within the framework of the general technology of the entire helioteploelectric power station.

In other designs of a solar thermal converter filled with a fluid heat carrier, in particular air or a special gas of increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity, or with a liquid, for example water, solar-absorbing flat pipelines can be used, which is more efficient under sealing conditions, made, for example, by extrusion from aluminum , with internal reinforcing longitudinal ribs-partitions, followed by blackening of the upper outer surface of aluminum. At the same time, at the ends of these pipelines, flanges are installed by welding, gluing, bonding with cement mortar, equipped with detachable hydraulic connections, followed by connecting inlet-outlet pipelines to them, including replacing through holes 8 (creating certain inconveniences during operation). These through holes are most effective when creating schemes of self-circulation of a fluid coolant (air or liquid) without the use of compressors or replacement units and external pipelines. However, in this case, the flexibility of controlling heat transfer processes, the accuracy of adhering to the coolant pressure control modes and the ease of operation are significantly reduced. Given the low unit cost of the equipment of the circulation channels shown in Fig. 1, with significant power and dimensions of the solar thermal converter, the through holes made in the heat-insulating top coating 23 are mainly replaced by external pipelines simulating air-permeable channels and through holes 8 in it.

A significant reduction in the cost of a solar thermal fluid accumulator is associated with other factors. One of them is a deeper integration of the designs of gel-absorbing (4) and translucent heat-insulating (33) ducts and a further decrease in their total heat loss. A variant of such a solution is shown in FIG. 2. Here, in the helioplastic box 4, the role of the helioplastic surface is played by the substrate 44, on which the box 4 is attached and which is its lower base, located and mainly fixed on the upper heat-insulating coating 23 of the heat-storage tank 1, and the upper base 5 is made of a translucent material - glass (or a thin glass film, if any, which refers to high-strength materials with stable chemical and physical properties). The translucent box 33, as in the previous case, has an upper base in the form of sheet glass or a glass, polymer film, and the lower base is open, that is, represented by its lateral sides. In Fig.2, the fastening of both boxes to a common base substrate 44 is carried out similarly, by applying and fixing flanges (lateral bends around the entire perimeter). This is a schematic diagram of the relationship and sealing of the boxes 4, 33 and the substrate 44. However, in practice, their sides are combined in this embodiment into one integrated, cheaper design of heat-insulating material, equipped with internal shelves for fixing the bases 5 and 34, which, due to clarity and simplicity is not shown in the illustrations. The sides have a thickness and rigidity sufficient to tightly fasten the substrate 44 to the entire structure, have a height of approximately 300 mm, according to the total height of both ducts, and are mainly coated on the inside with a reflective surface. The size of the common perimeter of both boxes 4, 33, which are integrated among themselves, is determined, tentatively, by the size of their lateral sides 1000 × 1000 mm, which is determined by easily accessible equipment for the high-performance manufacturing of such integrated structures. In adjacent abutting sides, corresponding openings are made for hermetic laying in them, in the form of narrow slotted or cylindrical, conical bushings for the purpose of passing through them a fluid coolant (in a heliopolymer box 4 and heat insulating, as well as heat-absorbing and heat-transmitting air medium of a light-permeable air-filled box 33) which allows you to dock and mount such boxes to any length. The wall box of helioplastic boxes approximately 1000 × 1000 mm in size is mainly made of concrete, aerated concrete, plastic, foam glass, metal, as well as their embedded bushings, with the simplest fixing of the bushings and connecting the entire structure to the substrate with cement mortar, with reliable sealing of structures under conditions of low overpressure of the flowing fluid in the duct 4 and the flowing air in the duct 33. The heat-insulating substrate 44 is made in a similar way, in particular minute together with a wall box as a unit that is not shown in the illustrations, and therefore generally integrated design both of the ducts in such an embodiment is cheap. The same structures can also be made as wood-particle products or from other heat-insulating materials of sufficient strength, with high adhesion of the compounds using adhesive materials or adhesive solutions, or in the manufacture of a wall box and substrate as an integral structure. Made as a whole box 4 and 33 with walls, approximately 1000 × 1000 mm are interconnected in groups of several pieces by means of embedded (short) bushings in one piece in the factory environment, and not at the construction site, with its high productivity and quality, as light sections with a length of 3-15 or more meters, convenient for transportation and installation, which, in turn, are now connected by detachable connections directly to the heat storage tank, into long structures over the entire width of more recent. These sections end with bushings, which are joined by a tab of one of them into another, in a sealed assembled at the factory, and are pulled together when mounted at a construction site, through, in particular, threads, with gaskets. In such a high-performance way, the factory-transported sections of boxes (of the chosen optimal length), such as typical assembly units, are joined together and can form structures with two indicated parallel internal cavities of any length (many tens of meters) with high quality sealing, moreover, at low sealing conditions heat carrier pressures and closed air. This is the basis for reducing the cost of the solar thermal converter, taking into account the fact that the perimeter and internal environment of the heat storage tank in this design can be very cheap (in terms of unit cost). In certain embodiments, the helioplastic absorbing substrates 44 may not be performed when radiation absorption is obtained by means of an upper heat-insulating coating 23 with a dark surface, in particular a thin sheet or by applying a dark coating, dye.

The flow of fluid coolant according to the design of FIG. 2 through the heliopolymer box 4 is carried out similarly to the above, except for through holes 8 (FIG. 1) - with their replacement by pipelines 45 of equal purpose. The air flow 3 through the duct 33 is also carried out according to FIG. 1, with the exception of pipelines 46 connected in parallel to the pipelines 39 through the valves 47. In this case, the air 3 is withdrawn from the air cushion 39 created by the inclination of the upper heat-insulating coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1, or from the lower part of the internal environment of the latter - by pipeline 46 with high heating of the upper level of heat-accumulating material. The removal of air flow 3 to the means 16 for removing and converting thermal energy, as shown in FIG. 1 with reference to air gaps 12, is not shown in FIG. 2.

When the size of the heat storage tank 1 is up to 10 m wide, an air cushion is formed due to the inclination of the upper cover 23 of the latter, as shown in Figs. 1, 2. In this case, the heat storage tank is elongated from west to east. However, with its greater width, an air cushion 48 is installed — an air “bag” that is created in the middle or lower layers of the heat-accumulating material 2 using a rigid flat box or an inclined sheet. The dotted line in FIG. 1 shows the connection of the cooling air bag 48 to the circulating air channel. The use of such an air “bag” is advisable in the case of using a liquid instead of air as a fluid coolant, the prolonged combination of which with air is undesirable. In the case of using water as a heat carrier, or even as a heat storage material, circulation of the air flow in it is permissible with the maximum possible coverage of its cross section through the use of elongated horizontal sections of pipelines with a number of air outlets 43 in them. If water is used as a heat storage material, then the air cushion 48 at any height relative to the bottom of the heat storage tank 1 can be created by using a polymer film, rubber. In this case, the air from the translucent heat-insulating duct 33 can be effectively cooled to the temperature of the lower layers of the heat-accumulating material 2 and again flow to its entrance within the circulation channel. If salt (sea) water is used as a heat-accumulating material instead of crushed stone, then air cavities - pillows can be used to circulate desalinated small amounts of water so that scale does not form in the solar-absorbing box 4 and pipe channels. Also, the heat-utilizing flow of air (gas) 3 in the translucent heat-insulating box 33 must be desalinated, cleaned, for which the cavity 48 is also applicable.

Figure 1 shows the installation in a heat storage tank 1 of a heat-collecting tube collector 49 made of heat-conducting material in which an auxiliary liquid working fluid circulates, transferring its thermal energy to means 16 (to means for removing and converting thermal energy in technological equipment of a solar thermal power plant, the diagram of which is illustrated in the illustrations not shown; its options may be different, but in the first place - these are helioaerobaric thermal power plants according to the above patent materials). In this example, the input of the pipe manifold 49 is connected to the source 50 of the auxiliary liquid working fluid, and the output is connected to a temperature transducer 51 (raising the temperature “transformer”), for example, a heat pump, which is connected with its hot heat sink 52 using heat transfer means (conventionally shown by arrow 53 ) to said means 16. As a temperature converter 51, in particular, a rotating mechanical activator of a liquid, for example water, whose housing (hot heat sink 52) can be used it is in thermal contact (shown by arrow 53) with receivers and transducers of elevated temperature (or high temperature) in the composition of means 16. The exit from the pipe collector 49 of the auxiliary working fluid, after its cooling relaxation, enters the input of the source 50 directly or through additional technological devices (as shown by the dashed arrow). The pipe manifold 49 can be installed not in a heat storage tank, but in a separate tank, the internal environment of which is connected thermodynamically.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the placement of the equipment of the solar thermal converter in a more complex composition, close to the actual layout according to the conditions of construction of solar thermal power plants. Here, the plan shows the placement of two heat storage tanks 54 and 55, in addition to the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), which is not shown in the plan, separated by longitudinal process passages 56 and 57, respectively, with ground heat-insulating substrate panels 58 and 59, on which additional helium-absorbing boxes 4 are placed (in any of the three described structures, while light-transmitting heat-insulating boxes 33 with heat loss utilization are not shown in FIG. 3). Both heat storage tanks differ in that one of them (54) is made with bulk heat storage material and air as a heat carrier as a higher temperature (with an operating temperature of more than 100 ° C), which corresponds to that shown in Fig. 1, and the other (55 ) - with water as a heat storage material and a coolant as a unit with a lower temperature (with an operating temperature below 100 ° C).

Both heat storage tanks 54, 55 differ from that shown in FIG. 1 in that on top of them are placed two parallel rows of helioplastic boxes 4 connected in pairs and with the internal environments of these heat storage tanks by pipelines 60 in series within the circulation channels and in parallel connecting pipelines 61, similar in purpose to the collector pipelines 41 (Figure 1), which provide the introduction of a fluid coolant into each of these heat storage tanks respectively nno. The latter are made elongated from west to east, and the helium-absorbing boxes are placed across them, from north to south, and technological passages 62 are located between them. The end adjacent ends of the heat storage tanks 54, 55 are separated by a transverse technological passage 63, in the territory of which the object is located 64 dual-use - energy and economic. Their energy purpose has three main aspects: a) on their roof there are similar helioplastic boxes 4 with technological passages 62 between them (for maintenance); b) mainly reflective panels 65 are placed on their walls, highlighted in FIG. 3 by thickened lines, although helioplastic boxes 4 included in the corresponding heat-accumulating circulation channel can be placed on them; c) exothermic processes are organized in their internal premises, for example, the hot processing of food products, the metallurgical production of aluminum products or glass films for the needs of the construction of solar thermal power plants and as consumer goods, the high-temperature heat losses of which are directed mainly to the indicated heat-converting means 16. They can sent and disposed of in heat storage tanks (these connections are not shown in the illustrations). Their economic and economic purpose consists in the production of products with high consumer and market value, which are produced on the areas of the solar thermal converter, while combining energy processes.

Beam reflecting panels 65 are also installed in a number of other places of the solar thermal converter, as shown by thickened lines. The reflective panels are flat, elongated upright structures coated with a layer of a reflective (mirror) material, in particular, aluminum foil or a film coated by spraying with a thin layer of aluminum (or other materials with mirror reflective properties).

On panels - heat-insulating substrates 58, 59, also made elongated in parallel with heat-accumulating tanks and placed directly on the prepared soil surface, the solar-absorbing boxes can be connected to each other in series within the heat-accumulating circulation channels. Figure 3 conditionally shows the placement of helioplastic boxes 4. The latter on the panels 58, 59 can be installed much more - in order to achieve the design set temperature level of the heat-accumulating material 2 (Figure 1). In particular, on the panel 58, the helium-absorbing boxes are connected in three pieces in series in two parallel groups, and on the panel 59 they are connected to each other in parallel in a serial flow path of the coolant within the circulation channel. The inlets from the respective heat-accumulating circulation channels to the solar absorption ducts 4 are carried out by pipelines 66. In both cases, they are arranged as follows.

In the heat storage tank 55, the heated coolant - water enters through pipeline 61 (hereinafter through pipelines 45, with more uniform heat and mass transfer, according to FIG. 2) and in the internal cavity its mass and thermal energy are distributed according to the dashed line 67. Inlet-outlet of the coolant and its movement arrows 68 are shown along the circulation channel. The coolant outlet from the heat storage tank 55 is connected through a filter 69 to a hydraulic pump 70 and then to a hydraulic line 66, from which parallel channels of the heliopads, in in turn, they are connected to the hydraulic line 61, which is transitional to the pipeline 45, which is not shown in Figs. 2, 3 (the coolant circled in the circulation channel).

In the circulation channel of the heat storage tank 54, the difference is only in the following: a) the gel-absorbing boxes 4 on the panel 58 are connected from line 66 in series of 3 pieces in two parallel groups; b) the latter are connected to two parallel groups of heliosorbing boxes 4 of the upper tier, which are located above the technological passage 56 on the support posts at a height of approximately 3 m. , which is also the entrance to the last (the circle of the corresponding circulation channel is also closed). Due to the serial connection of the heliosorbing boxes 4, the temperature of the flowing heat carrier can be brought to very high values, given that air is used as heat storage tank 54 in it. Switching the helioplastic boxes to serial or parallel groups are mainly seasonal in nature, while within one day the temperature of the coolant is set and regulated by controlling the flow rate of the latter.

Technological driveways 56, 57, in addition to its direct technological purpose, are used for other applications. In particular, as indicated above, over the soil surface there are helium-absorbing boxes 4 with air gaps 71 between them, which coincide in their location with technological passages 62. This allows sunlight from the southern half of the sky to enter the latter, as well as to the soil surface of passage 56 These gaps are closed above it with a translucent heat-insulating material, which protects the driveway from adverse atmospheric conditions and precipitation (marked by shading in FIG. 3). In addition, vegetables and berries, as well as other cultivated plants, are planted on the soil surface of driveways 56 and 57, provided that special technological vehicles (with high ground clearance) travel above them. A more technologically advanced solution, however, is to place them in landing tanks above the soil surface, at a landing height of about 1,500 mm, so that technological vehicles with maintenance personnel can pass under them. Figure 3 shows the dotted arrangement of the support base 72 for landing tanks above the technological passage 57, and also partially above the passage 56, although above the latter they can be placed along the entire length.

The placement of translucent heat-insulating coatings not only over the technological driveways, but in general over all objects of the solar thermal converter, allows for the greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, berries and fruits on its territory and in general on the territory of the solar thermal power station, which is not fully represented in the illustrations. The efficiency of simultaneous energy production and greenhouse cultivation of plants is extremely high: the inevitable heat loss during energy production gives free heat, the cost of which, together with lighting for greenhouses, is the main cost component; the main technological structures for energy production are at the same time basic for the construction of greenhouses; weather protection in inclement weather and cleaning the area are also mutually necessary. It is important to achieve such a position in the design of the solar thermal converter that the greenhouse cultivation of cultivated plants is an almost free application to energy production, without limiting the total area of solar energy consumption in the territory allotted for energy production. Such constructive solutions in the development process of this proposed invention are found.

Figure 3 presents in addition to the above two options for energy consumption from a solar thermal converter.

In the upper part of the internal environment of the heat storage tank 54, in the mass of the heat storage material 2 (FIG. 1), a pipe collector 73 of heat-conducting material is arranged to provide thermal energy to consumers (along with the transfer of high potential thermal energy to the technological means 16, as in FIG. 3 not illustrated). The inlet end of the pipe manifold 73 is connected to the pipeline 74, and the outlet end to the pipeline 75, which together close the heat-removing circulation channel, including: a) heat point 76 to ensure the supply of thermal energy to consumers in accordance with standard technical solutions in this industry; b) circulating hydraulic pump 77; c) filter 78; d) the actual internal environment of the heat storage tank 54.

The direction of movement of the process hot fluid as an auxiliary working fluid is shown by arrows (79).

In a heat storage tank 55 containing water as a heat storage material and a heat carrier, a heat-conducting pipe manifold 80 is arranged to provide thermal energy to a steam turbine 81, which mainly works with steam of an easily evaporated liquid. The inlet pipe 82 of the pipe manifold 80 is connected to a source of liquid 83 with a low boiling point — an easily evaporated liquid, and the outlet pipe 84 — as a steam line to the inlet of a steam turbine 81, the outlet of which is connected to a refrigeration unit 85 provided with a separate channel 86 for the cooling liquid. The low boiling point fluid source 83 comprises a condensed liquid reservoir, a hydraulic pump, controlled valves and filters (not shown). The direction of movement of the liquid with a low boiling point and its vapor is shown by arrows 87.

As a liquid with a lower boiling point, both freons authorized for industrial use and other liquids, up to methyl and ethyl alcohols, can be used.

Figure 4 shows an example of the shape and optimal placement of solar concentrators in relation to solar thermal converters. The area 88 of the space where the helio-absorbing box 4 is placed, and the area 89 of the space where the light-permeable heat-insulating box 33 is located, are located above the heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat storage tank 1 (Figs. 1, 2). These areas are covered by a pyramid-shaped hollow structure containing elongated lateral sides 90 as the faces of a pyramid, which are covered from the inside with a reflective mirror material 91 (shown by a dashed line) and 92 from the outside. , on the surface of the coating 23, or on the beam-reflecting side 90 (91) of the pyramid-shaped structure, from which they are sent after reflection to this helioplastic surface.

The upper base 94 of the pyramid-shaped structure significantly exceeds the area of its lower base, corresponding to the area of the helioplastic coating 93, and this determines the coefficient of helioconcentration. Moreover, if the width of the solar absorption surface 93 is equal to the width of the technological passages 62 (Figure 3) between the solar absorption boxes 4, and they are 1 m each, the optimal approximate height of the upper bases 94 of the pyramid-shaped structure above the heat-insulating upper coating 23 is 3 m - according to the conditions the overwhelming amount of sunlight 32 falling onto the helioplastic surface of the substrate 44 as a result of their reflections from the lateral sides 90 (91). The adjacent sides of the pyramid-like structure are combined with each other by means of the sides of the bases 94 along lines 95, each of which forms the ridge of the pyramid-shaped coating of technological passages 62. The latter can also be made in the form of a light-transmitting surface of small width.

The end surfaces of the pyramid-helioconcentrator are also made with internal beam-reflecting surfaces. Variants may be applied when the south end face is translucent. The helioconcentrators-pyramids are equal in length to the width of the heat storage tanks 1, 54, 55 (Figs. 1, 3) and can be tens of meters (with a width of 1 and a height of 3 m). Similarly, for technological passages 62, the end sides of which are closed with a translucent material, for example a polymer film, with folding or removable entrance openings. The sun's rays enter the space above the technological passages, almost through the southern end openings, if a narrow light-transmitting band is not formed from above. To provide cultivated plants in the technological passageways with a sufficient amount of sunlight and rays of a small number of night light sources, the sides of their pyramid-shaped structures are coated from the inside with a reflective material 92.

If the latter are made of translucent material, then the internal mirror coatings 91 will have a sufficient reflective effect, without coatings 92, on the cultivated vegetation in technological transitions. Moreover, the surface of their conditional floor and landing tanks are also equipped with a reflective material 92, and on the north side there are additional strips of reflective material (not shown in FIG. 4). This design is explained by the fact that vegetation with a single passage of sunlight usually consumes only 5-10% of their energy, while with multiple reflection of sunlight in the cultivation space of cultivated vegetation, this value increases significantly, and the level of incoming sunlight and electric illumination in dark time can (and should) be correspondingly lower.

If you need to increase the width of technological passages 62 and develop the planting area of cultivated plants, with an increase in the concentration coefficient of sunlight, the height of the pyramid-shaped beam concentrators should be proportionally increased. Landing tanks 96 in the technological walkways are mainly carried out mobile and removable for maintenance by the technological driveways, raised above the surface of the conditional floor of the technological walkways. An increase in the height of the upper bases of 94 pyramidal helioconcentrators leads to a possible relative decrease in the width, area, and cost of solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 while increasing the landing area in technological aisles. The absence of such solar concentrator above the heat accumulating tanks 1, 54, 55 (1, 3) substantially reduce the effectiveness gelioteplopreobrazovateley, increase gelioteploelektrostantsii payback period which can not exceed 2 ^years.

Since the upper bases 94 of the pyramid-shaped solar concentrators are covered with a light-transmitting material, conditions are created for joining the above (shaded) light-transmitting surfaces and heel-absorbing boxes 4 above the technological driveways 56, 57 (Fig. 3) with light-transmitting coatings (bases 94) above the helioconcentrators and heat storage tanks. This creates local sections or complete territories of greenhouse translucent energy and economic objects from the territories allotted for the construction of solar heat converters or, in general, solar thermal power plants.

Periodic atmospheric disturbances can cause damage to the solar thermal converter structures. Improving the weather resistance and security of these structures will be a more expensive means and will be associated with a decrease in the efficiency of the solar thermal converter when solving this problem by increasing the strength of structures and materials used. Therefore, according to the invention, the entire surface of the solar thermal converter in local sections with a width of approximately 6-10 m is covered with high-strength rewinding material 97, for example, fiberglass, high-strength film or other materials, including over technological driveways 56, 57, 63 (Fig. 3). In order to maintain a winding surface, in particular, rolling and / or sliding bearings 98 are mounted. The process of rewinding from west to east and back (or from north to south and back) is carried out by installing rewinding drums 99, 100 and their electric drives 101, 102 from both ends of the protected area. At the end sections to the rewinding strips of protective material, tension ropes are fixed, threads 103, 104, shown by a dashed line. They are fixed on the one hand at the marked points, and on the other hand, relative to the rewinding drums 99, 100 (which is not illustrated). If snow or hail or sand falls on the rewinding protective material 97, they are discharged to designated places in the area of rewinding drums, for which ropes, threads 103, 104 should have an appropriate length. In winter nighttime, rewinding material 97 further insulates the entire structure.

Figure 5 shows an example of the use of rotary substrates in the solar thermal converter, the use of which is advisable in the middle and more northern strip of Russia, on narrow heat-insulating panels 58, 59 or heat-storage tanks 1. On the heat-insulating top coating 23 of the heat-storage tank 1, 54, 55 (with their small width) or on a heat-insulating panel 58, 59 (Figs. 3, 5) there are rotatable solar-absorbing substrates 44 (Fig. 2), on which solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes (4, 33) are sealed, as shown 1 and 2 in a fixed substrate 44. In order to rotate the substrate 44 are fixed by horizontal axes 105 to the upper cover 23, heat storage capacity on the south side. On the north side, support posts 106 are installed on which cables 110 are fixed by means of blocks 107, 108 and hinges 109, which, using electric drives 111, set a predetermined angle of rotation of the substrate in accordance with the position of the Sun relative to the horizon (position sensors of the Sun and their connection to control devices electric drives in figure 5 are not illustrated).

The solar thermal accumulator according to the invention operates as follows.

The internal cavity of the heat storage tank 1 is filled with large gravel, between the stones of which air 3 freely circulates, which in this version of the solar thermal accumulator is a heat carrier. The closed heat-accumulating channel for circulating the air coolant (circulation channel) includes the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4, on the heat-generating surface of which (in the above example, the upper base 5 and side walls 6, marked in bold), sun rays 32, openings 8 through which air enters the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 and passes through it from the south wall to the north, and the suction pipe-air pipe 7, connected integrally with the compressor quarrel (7), through which air is sucked from the heat storage tank and enters the internal cavity of the helioplastic box 4. Thus, the sun's rays 32 heat the air flow 3 moving in the last (shown by the arrow), which, passing through the openings 8, heats the crushed stone 2, moving through it and giving it thermal energy to the air duct 7 under the influence of an air compressor with a similar number constituting a single suction device.

The temperature of the air flow 3 at the inlet of the heat storage tank can significantly exceed 100 ° C, which is determined by its speed-dependent by the compressor (depending on the height of the Sun above the horizon), as well as the series connection of several heliopads 4, as shown in Figure 3. The latter are connected by pipelines 60 to the outer main pipe 61, which enters the internal medium of the storage tank by pipelines 45 (Figure 2), instead of or in addition to the through holes 8 (Figure 1). The temperature of the air flow 3 at the inlet to the heat storage tank 1 also depends on the quality of thermal insulation of the heliopolymerizing box 4 and the design of the helioconcentrator with walls 90 (91), as shown in Figs. 2, 4 (for example, only one type of helioconcentrators located above it is shown).

The thermal insulation of the heliopolymerizing duct 4 is provided, first of all, by a translucent air-filled structure 33 - a second, upper translucent heat insulating duct, the upper base 34 and side walls of which 35 (Figure 2) limit the perimeter of air 3 with a considerable height (250-300 mm and more). As a good heat insulator, air reduces heat loss from the solar absorber box, however, in such designs, convection processes are still a significant obstacle to high thermal insulation. Therefore, the translucent heat insulating duct 33 is additionally included in the heat loss recovery system, which is achieved by organizing regular heat and mass transfer in the air of the translucent heat insulating duct 33 and the heat storage tank 1. The heated air stream from the first enters the lower part of the latter, where the heat storage material 2 is the coldest, whereby it is cooled and comes back again. Depending on the height of the heat storage tank 1, at the end of the summer period, the heat storage material in its lower layers can also acquire a high temperature. Therefore, the inner cavity of the upper duct 33 can be connected by a pipeline to the means 16 for removing and converting the thermal energy of the solar thermal power plant, more precisely, to the means for forming its central energy air flow (this is not shown in the illustrations). Due to this, thermal energy from the helioteploconverter convectively is practically not lost to the environment. The limitation of radiation heat losses is largely achieved by the use of special solar concentrators, the special design of which is the subject of a separate invention.

The air layer 12 is also an effective means of reducing heat loss through the walls of the heat storage tank 1, especially since it is connected, as shown in FIG. 1, to the means 16 for collecting and converting thermal energy of the solar thermal power plant by means of a controlled pneumatic valve 14 and an air compressor 15 with the participation of the temperature sensor 13 In connection with such a useful selection of heated air in the upper part of the air layer 12, air from the environment is supplied to the bottom layers of it (shown conditionally) by means of a compressor 18, pneumatic valve 19 using a pressure sensor 17 and a safety air valve 20. Through the use of the circuits described with compressors 15, 18, as well as pneumatic valves 26, check valves 27, pressure sensors 25 and feed compressors 28, check valves 29, pressure sensors 30 and fuses 31 is carried out not only air heat and mass transfer, but also fine control of the magnitude and ratio of air pressures in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 1 and in the air layer 12. Fuse 31 (safety air th valve) and air safety valve 20 are mainly performed according to the differential circuit. Given the importance of maintaining the given pressures, these devices along the perimeter of the heat storage tank 1 are installed in several sets, as well as executive means.

If a liquid substance is used as a fluid working fluid or coolant, which in some cases allows increasing the energy intensity of the solar thermal converter, the supply of heat-utilizing air to its environment is associated with significant limitations. The most appropriate solution in this case is the creation of a closed air cavity 48 in a liquid medium, in particular of thin material, including weakly elastic material, the air inlets and outlets of which are shown with a dashed line (Figure 1). In this case, the air flow 3 from the translucent heat-insulating duct 33 is cooled by the lower layer of heat-accumulating material through the material covering the air cavity 48, thereby exchanging heat and utilizing heat losses from the helioplastic duct 4. Air cavities 48 in a continuous liquid medium can be produced using cheap polymer films, rubber flat pipelines and installed along the entire length of the heat storage tank 1 and even at different depths with switches. Heat transfer cavities 48 are also necessary if a liquid heat storage material with increased salinity is used, when instead of desalting the entire (large) volume of heat storage material, a small closed volume of purified coolant circulates through the internal cavities of the helioplastic box 4 and device 48.

The goal of creating powerful heat storage tanks is the accumulation of thermal energy to provide technological systems for solar thermal power plants. For this, it is planned to connect heat-removing means with them. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, a heat-conducting pipe collector 49 (shown conditionally below) is installed in the heat storage tank 1, located in the upper layers of the heat-storage material, to which an auxiliary liquid working fluid is connected to the input, and its output is connected to the temperature converter 51 (temperature "transformer"). As a temperature “transformer”, a well-known, classic heat pump can be used. However, a cheaper and more effective means in many cases using heat storage tanks is a rotating mechanical activator of a liquid, in particular water, from which an elevated temperature is removed relative to its inlet. Such a temperature thermal converter “transformer” takes thermal energy from a heat storage tank at a lower temperature and transfers it to the technological systems of a solar thermal power plant at a significantly increased temperature with a very high efficiency. The heat removal of the heat converter, including the heat pump, through the heat channel 53 (represented by the arrow) transfers the increased temperature to the technological means 16, which are part of the equipment of the solar thermal power station.

In Fig. 3, a heat-conducting pipe collector 73 is placed in the heat storage tank 54, which transfers heat energy in this case to the heat point 76, in which, according to known engineering solutions, hot water is generated for washing and heating the premises by means of an auxiliary liquid coolant. Hot water from the outlet of the pipe collector 73 through a heat-insulated pipe 75 through a filter 78 and a hydraulic pump 77 enters the heat point 76, where it gives off part of its thermal energy and returns in a cooled form through the pipe 74 to the inlet of the pipe collector 73, where it is again heated by means of a heat storage tank 1 to the original temperature. If the temperature in the latter’s internal environment is insufficient in terms of the required parameters of thermal energy supplied to consumers, a similar thermal energy converter 51/52 is installed at the output of the hydraulic pump 77 or instead of it. The heat storage tank 1 must have such a heat capacity and such a supply of heat energy accumulated in the solar period of the year that it is sufficient for heat supply to consumers in the low-solar period of the year according to the parameters of the installed capacity of the solar thermal power station, taking into account, of course, the wind energy supplied to the latter.

An electrothermal converter is also additionally installed in the heat storage tank 54, through which excess electricity is generated that is generated by the solar thermal power station by periodically amplifying the natural wind, if the latter is used together with solar radiation (not shown in the illustrations).

If the heat point 76 is not at a remote distance from the heat storage tank 54, or instead of an air or gas heat carrier, a high temperature liquid heat carrier with heat energy highly concentrated in its specific volume at high temperature is used, then the pipe collector 73 may not be installed, but in the heat point (or in intermediate auxiliary tank) can be directed directly to the heat transfer circulating channel directly specified coolant.

The heat storage tank 54 can solve the tasks of heat supply only, and in this case it will perform the functions of a highly efficient solar boiler, the need for which increases significantly when moving away from the equator. However, mainly, heat storage tanks 1, 54, 55 (Figs. 1, 3) are used both for the production of thermal energy, and as the basic means of a full-fledged power plant - a solar thermal power plant with electric energy generation and through the use of steam, mainly steam, of easily evaporated liquid, and through the use of both wind and air flows (wind and ambient air, additionally energetically saturated due to the thermal energy of the heat storage tank and due to the utilization of personal heat, including heat release during condensation after passing it through a steam turbine generator).

In the heat storage tank 55 (FIG. 3) in this example, water is used as the heat storage material and the flowing heat carrier. A heat-conducting pipe manifold 80 is also used here, providing operation of a steam turbine 81 with an easily volatile liquid, a classic example of which are freon steam turbines. However, since the temperature in the internal environment of the heat storage tank 55 is, as a rule, in the range of 50-80 ° C, other liquids with a boiling point, in the worst case, up to 50 ° C, can be used instead of freon to operate the steam turbine generator. When using an intermediate heat transformer “transformer”, even ordinary steam can be used in a steam turbine, since by means of a heat “transformer” the water in the intermediate tank can be heated for these purposes to a temperature of 150 ° C (due to the creation of a rotating transformer "fluid pressure up to 15-20 atm) and more. However, the most economical is the use of liquids with a low boiling point, in the temperature range of 20-50 ° C.

In the given example, the easily collectible liquid from the source 83 enters the inlet of the pipe collector 80 through the pipe 82, in which it is converted into steam with the specified thermodynamic parameters, and it enters through the steam pipe 84 to the input of the steam turbine 81, coupled with an electric generator (in the illustrations not shown). Waste steam from the turbine 81 enters the refrigeration unit 85, where it condenses and enters the accumulator 83 of easily evaporated liquid as its continuous source for the operation of the turbine (pump unit, filters and safety devices are not shown in the illustrations). To provide a refrigeration unit, cooling means are required, as cold water is most often used (shown by arrow 86). The use of thermal energy released in the refrigeration unit 85 during condensation of steam - the so-called heat loss, requires important technical solutions (in order to increase the efficiency of heat energy use of the heat storage tank). An analogue of such a solution in standard thermal power plants using cooling towers is far from efficient. The necessary technical options for the utilization of heat losses as applied to steam condensers and solar heat converters are developed by analogy with the above heat transfer from translucent heat-insulating boxes 33 (Figs. 1, 2) to a heat storage tank.

Figure 3, 4 shows the use of technological passages and driveways. Due to the simplicity and reliability of the proposed design of the solar thermal converter, its maintenance, and in particular, boxes 4, 33 and in general its direct-use technologies, is rarely performed. Nevertheless, solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes with their equipment still need periodic access for supervision and maintenance. Therefore, for this purpose, passages sufficient in width to be placed between the two should be placed between the two specialists. Optimum for such work is a width of 0.5 m or more. The width of these boxes, for the convenience of maintenance by their working personnel, is 1 m or more. This means that at least one third of the territory will be allocated to passages in this version (excluding technological passageways). Therefore, the proposed technical solution provides for the installation of special, cheap solar concentrators directly above the baskets 4, 33 (Figs. 2, 3, 4), which allow the energetic use of those sun rays, the direct path of which is oriented past the baskets 4, 33 - to the technological passages, with combining due to them, while also other, cost-effective functions. In fact, the indicated pyramid-shaped solar concentrators, being relatively cheap, provide a twofold increase in the solar radiation power in the solar thermal converter for the same allotted territory.

These helioconcentrators (Figure 4) have an elongated hollow pyramid-shaped shape, the side walls 90 of which are covered with a light-reflecting (mirror) material 91 from the inside, and their upper translucent heat-insulating bases 94 pass the sun's rays 32 inward. Due to the light reflections, the latter are oriented into the spatial zone 89 the upper ducts 33, and then into the spatial zone 88 of the lower helioboofing baskets 4. Their heliobobsorbing surfaces are much smaller than the upper bases with sides 94 of the helioconcentrators, th m is determined by the coefficient of helioconcentration. For high-quality reflection of the sun's rays 32 on the helioplastic surface 93, the angle of inclination of the side walls 90 (91) should be about 80 ° relative to the horizontal helioplastic surface. This determines that when the width of the helioplastic boxes 4 and the width of the technological passages 62 (Fig. 3) are of the same size, one meter, the height of the upper bases 94 of the helioconcentrators relative to the heliopoietic surfaces 93 should be about 3 m. baskets, without significant energy losses of solar radiation in solar concentrators, the height of the base 94 should be increased accordingly. At the same time, the area of the solar thermal converter allocated to greenhouses increases to 70% or more.

The adjacent lateral sides of the bases 94 are aligned with each other along lines 95, which in FIG. 4 are projected to a point, forming the apex of a pyramid-shaped surface covering technological passages from above.

This already means that the working staff can maintain boxes 4, 33 during precipitation, bad weather, which increases the efficiency of maintenance. At the same time, the expansion of the area of technological passages, without a significant loss in the amount of solar energy used for its intended purpose, focuses on the use of these areas and spaces rarely used in technical supervision for other combined purposes - for the cultivation of vegetables, berries and even fruits. With the closure of the ends of the formed technological spaces (translucent heat-insulating material), a heated bulk medium is formed for greenhouse cultivation of plants, since the top cover 23 of the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1), with all its quality of thermal insulation, is a heat-generating base that provides the necessary greenhouse regimes. For the convenience of equipment maintenance, cultivated plants are planted in mobile planting containers, raised to a small height above the surface of the aisle.

The described technical solution is very promising, urgently needed for the near future, due to the intensive population growth, including taking into account the fact that this design of the solar thermal converter is also suitable for water based, including surface and near-surface water layers of the seas and oceans.

Since the elongated lateral sides of the helioconcentrator, pyramid-shaped covering technological passages - spaces, obscure them in such a way that sunlight enters mainly only through the southern end passages, the device according to the invention provides for the creation of mirror-reflecting rooms for a greenhouse cultivated vegetation, including: lateral reflective coatings 92 (or translucent lateral walls 90 with an internal reflective coating 91 for helioconcentration); surfaces - top coatings 23 on the aisles and landing tanks 92 (Figure 4) coated with their reflective materials. It is known that when organizing multiple reflection of sunlight in the environment of growing plants, their external exposure can be reduced. This effect is used here. In addition, the surfaces and spaces above the heliopads and technological passages are closed with an additional continuous translucent heat-insulating layer of the bases 94, and therefore, heated air can be extracted from the internal air cavity of the system of these helioconcentrators to use heat loss energy, both convective and associated with the reflection of rays, in technological equipment of solar thermal power plants. Heat losses associated with infrared radiation of the boxes 4, 33 are also significantly limited, however, due to the technical solution, which is the subject of a separate invention.

Technological driveways 56, 57, 63 (Figure 3) are also used for both energy and economic purposes. In particular, similar helium-absorbing boxes 4 are placed above technological aisles at an altitude of 3 m on support racks, which, in turn, are used to install vertical beam-reflecting panels marked in bold lines and to fix structures (72) of landing tanks (shown by dashed lines, Figure 3). Landing tanks 96 are placed on the structures 72 transverse relative to the driveways, mainly at a height of 1.2 m or more, so that special trolleys with maintenance personnel pass under them.

In the transverse technological passage 63 there is, as an example, a building 64 of economic and economic purpose, of which several (many) can be installed in various passages and / or along the northern perimeter of the solar thermal converter.

In these buildings (64), mainly exothermic processes are located, the production of valuable products of which is associated with significant emissions of thermal energy, which is sent for recycling. In addition, on the surface of the walls and roofs of these structures are installed similar helioabsorbing heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 (Figs. 1, 4) included in the circulating channels described above, as well as reflective panels, where it is economically feasible.

Economic and economic structures (64) for exothermic technologies can be installed on skating rinks, carried out in wheeled and lifting structures and consist of detachable technological modules for the convenience of their quick relocation. Utilization of heat loss from exothermic technologies can be combined with the designs of circulation channels, ducts 4, 33 and / or heat insulating substrates 44 with helioplastic coatings (Figs. 3, 4). Such structures (64) can also be used to place certain equipment of the solar thermal converter in them, in particular pumps, compressors and more.

Figure 4 shows a horizontal translucent surface, for example, of a polymer or glass film, which is formed by the upper bases 94 joined together by each other - the input windows of the helioconcentrators. Heli-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 are installed at the same level. They are installed above the technological passages, between which longitudinal gaps are formed, directed coaxially with the technological passages 62 on heat-accumulating containers 54, 55 and panels 58, 59 - heat-insulating substrates. If you close these gaps with a translucent material, as shown by hatching over the passage 56 (Figure 3), then a continuous translucent coating forms over the entire solar thermal converter at the same level, mainly including buildings 64. Thus, the solar thermal converter is converted into a solid (built-in) greenhouse, which and is provided in this technical solution. The problem is that large hail or snow can damage such a translucent heat-insulating coating with its weight or impacts when dropped. Therefore, Figure 4 shows another important technical solution - by placing over the last high-strength material or film, rewound in strips of 6-10 m wide above the solar thermal converter over the entire width, length. In particular, the film or fiberglass 97 as a rewind material is stretched by cables and parallel threads 103, 104 (indicated by a dotted line) between the rewind drums. Sand, snow, hail accumulating on the rewinding material 97 are dumped by it in one direction or another, outside the helioteploconverter, on the harvested areas. In this way, the entire surface of the solar thermal converter is removed and protected from damage. The rewound material may be translucent or dark, but preferably translucent. In non-solar time, the rewound material occupies an appropriate position and additionally insulates the surface to be protected, while in the daytime non-solar time it also passes in an appropriate amount of daylight and scattered energy, which is useful. Thanks to all of the above, the performance and reliability of the solar thermal converter increases to the necessary and sufficient level.

Figure 5 shows an additional technical solution associated with the rotation of the insulating substrate 44 - helioplastic base helioplastic box 4 (Fig.1, 2). The implementation of such an angle-controlled rotation is useful, for example, in the middle and northern parts of Russia. However, it is only possible with a small width of the heat storage tank 1 (Figure 1) or heat insulating panels 58, 59 (Figure 3). Since the width of the technological driveways 56, 63 is always relatively small, such a turn on them is almost always available. In this case, the insulating substrate 44 is fixed and rotates relative to the horizontal axis 105 located on the south side, while the lifting mechanism in the composition of the elements 106-111 is located on the north side. Since on solar-absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes 4, 33 located at a height of 3 m or higher above the technological driveways 56, 57 described in Fig. 4, such solar concentrators are not installed, there are no difficulties with their simultaneous rotation.

The proposed technical solutions, according to the invention, can provide a low unit cost (with the prospect of further reducing it): heat storage capacity (the use of cheap and rigid foam materials that are convenient for construction, with the amount of air bubble impurities in them up to 80 ÷ 90% of their volume at fixing its upper coating by means of the heat storage material itself); helio-absorbent and translucent insulating boxes to their association in a single technological design exactly prefabricated (at an effective dock of 3 ^x ÷ 5 ^minute Mykh assembly units by simple detachable connections, with the use of cheap materials, especially with the subsequent transition to the use of thin, cheap and highly durable glass films); designs of circulating channel arrangements with short pipe connections; technological passages and driveways with the simultaneous production of very valuable products and combining this production with the main energy processes and helioconcentration; very effective layouts of solar storage tanks and installations of solar storage boxes on the simplest soil substrates; connections of heat storage tanks with means of removal and transfer of thermal energy in effective designs, including the use of liquid coolants and even water. Such technical solutions make it possible to create programs to reduce the unit cost of solar thermal converters and solar thermal power plants to values not available when using other well-known technical solutions.

This technical solution is very effective even with the implementation of only the first paragraph of the claims, however, the implementation of its subsequent paragraphs increases the technical and economic efficiency of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power plants, comprising a heat storage tank filled mainly with bulk heat storage material, mainly crushed stone, and a fluid transported coolant, in particular a gas medium, such as air, or a liquid medium, such as water, and it is made with days the walls, as well as the upper heat-insulating coating in the form of a breathable helioplastic platform with the use of it, in particular , dark-colored metal plates or sheets with through holes in them, connecting their surfaces with the internal environment of the heat storage tank, the air cavity located above the latter, the outer perimeter of which is limited by a translucent heat-insulating surface fixed above it, a circulation channel using aggregates that transport liquid and / or gaseous materials, through which the internal environment of the heat storage tank is connected to the specified air cavity, thereby creating An heat-accumulating thermodynamic circuit with a flowing coolant, and a second circulation channel connecting, using thermodynamic means, the internal cavity of the heat storage tank with the means for removing and converting thermal energy included in the technological equipment of solar thermal power plants, due to which a heat-removing thermodynamic channel is created that transfers thermal energy through it technological purpose, characterized in that the top coating of the heat storage tank is made by constructively combining a rigid heat-insulating material as a carrier substrate, a rigid foam material and / or a light air-saturated filler with enhanced thermal insulation properties, it is placed on the heat-accumulating material as on the main support base and provided with a calculated amount and a technologically specified arrangement of through holes with pipe inserts in them, and at least over a part of its outer surface, hollow helium-absorbing boxes, the bases of each of which are made of dark heat-conducting material and / or translucent heat-insulating material in combination with dark surfaces of the lower bases and are hermetically covered with translucent heat-insulating structures in the form of translucent heat-insulating second - upper ducts, creating a closed heat-insulating air environment above them, while these ducts are made elongated in length mainly from north to south, their transverse sides contain passage openings and means for connecting them between by themselves, due to which they are stacked in length into transportable groups connected to the internal environment of the heat storage tank through heat-accumulating circulation channels, and a closed heat-insulating air medium located in the translucent heat-insulating upper boxes and their group connections is connected as a means of utilizing heat losses to the heat storage tank and / or to the specified technological equipment of the solar thermal power station using additional heat-insulated air ducts, p At the same time, the heat-storage tank, which, in turn, is elongated mainly from west to east, is equipped with protective means of protection against excessive pressure fluctuations and temperature gauges of its internal environment, and technological adjacent heat-insulating upper coatings are formed between adjacent helium-absorbing boxes passages used simultaneously for cultivating cultivated plants, the latter being thermodynamically connected means, with at least one heat converter, which is connected by means of heat transfer means to the said means for removing and converting thermal energy of the solar thermal power station using heat transfer means, while the said internal medium of the heat storage capacity is thermodynamically connected also to the electrothermal converter connected to the electric energy source solar thermal power plants. 2. A solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the soil and / or above it using heat-insulating substrates, additional helium-absorbing boxes, covered with translucent heat-insulating upper boxes, are used as a means of utilizing heat losses equipped with technological passages between them, while these boxes are placed in parallel rows, elongated in length, and heat the mummifying tank and parallel rows of additional helioplastic boxes are equipped with technological passages between them, which are used simultaneously for growing vegetables, berries and other cultivated plants, in particular, in planting containers located at a technologically defined height above the soil level, and for accommodating dual-use structures - energy and economic, with the use of their external surfaces for the installation of reflective structures and fixed to the surface pits these constructions such boxes helio-absorbent included in the mentioned circulation channels with a heating fluid, while their internal spaces - to house mainly heat generating processes. 3. The solar thermal converter with a flowing coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that similar heat storage tanks are located parallel to said heat storage tank with solar absorbing boxes located above them in similar structures and technological passages and passageways created between them, while the heat storage tanks and helioplastic boxes are included in the respective circulating channel systems by means of heat-insulated air ducts waters and / or water pipes. 4. The solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom and walls of the heat storage tanks are made with foam rigid heat-insulating material, are installed at least partially by pits open in the ground, provided with waterproofing and fixed along the perimeter by means of breathable load-bearing structures, closed from the external environment with heat-insulating moisture-, wind-resistant material, and free thermal insulators created with the help of this The hollowed cavities are filled with heat-utilizing fluid, which is connected to the means of removal and conversion of thermal energy, which are included in the technological equipment of the solar thermal power plant, while the upper heat-insulating coatings of the heat-storage tanks as roofs are placed at a structurally predetermined height relative to the soil level, and the solar-absorbing boxes are equipped with solar collectors. the form of reflective surfaces. 5. A solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid substance is used as a fluid heat carrier, and the solar absorbing ducts are made with increased pressure therein by using dark metal flat pipelines equipped with detachable hydraulic connections at the ends, moreover, as a heat storage material in a heat storage tank used bulk material and / or a similar coolant liquid. 6. A solar thermal converter with a flowing coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper bases of the solar absorbing boxes are made using glass and / or its technical analogue, their sides are made solar-absorbing and solar-reflecting from a durable heat-insulating material, and the lower bases are also made of heat-insulating material with blackening and waterproofing as the bottoms of helium-absorbing boxes, and the latter are joined together in length, which creates a flat, elongated when it is predominantly from north to south, it has a heat-accumulating translucent cavity, and a second translucent heat-insulating cavity is sealed above the latter, the internal air environment of which is connected to heat recovery means entering the latter. 7. A solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides and bases of the solar absorbing and translucent heat-insulating boxes located above them are made in high-performance factory production as single, elongated, integral structures of a fixed transportable length, equipped with tools for subsequent their tight connection between themselves and with the main pipelines, due to which these ducts form a type stems assembly unit, comprising one input and one output end faces, wherein the model assembly units are mounted on top heat insulating coating heat storage capacity and / or above it on technologically predetermined height. 8. The solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that a second pipe collector of heat-conducting material is connected to the internal medium of the heat storage tank by means of thermodynamic means, connected to its source of a liquid working fluid with a low boiling point, and its output - by means of a steam line to a steam turbine as one of the mentioned means of removal and conversion of heat energy of a heat storage tank. 9. The solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat recovery medium created using breathable supporting structures around the perimeter of the heat storage tank is connected by thermodynamic means to the heat pump and / or heat transformer connected to the output, hot side to the means of removal and conversion of thermal energy, which are part of the technological equipment of solar thermal power plants. 10. A solar thermal converter with a fluid coolant for solar thermal power stations according to claim 1, characterized in that its thermally insulated heat storage tank is placed in an aqueous medium.

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