RU23442U1 - COATING - Google Patents

Description

Illlf No. 11111 iiui II. , ... O

2 t

0 g s

M.C.: E 04 HI / 48

The utility model relates to the field of construction, including the coverings of various building structures and structures, namely:

To protect their interior from various atmospheric influences, in particular, to roofs of roofs and

shells of industrial and civil buildings

destination, for example, residential buildings, sports palaces,

stadiums, exhibition halls, etc .;

To protect their internal premises from surface and groundwater, in particular, to the foundations of buildings, underground garages, tunnels, etc .;

To the coatings of tailings of tanning storages, gas storages and other terrestrial, buried or

The development of underground structures to protect the pears below them from filtering various aggressive compounds stored in these structures and representing a real threat to environmental safety. It can be used in construction. It is known that the internal premises of buildings and structures being built in the open air require constant protection from rain, low or vice versa with a high outdoor temperature, wind, hail and other weather conditions that may impair the normal living conditions of the people in them, as well as the functioning of them equipment. For example, to ensure normal conditions for living in residential buildings of people and animals, their premises must be reliably protected from adverse weather effects, such as moisture, low or high temperatures, frost, wind, dust, etc. It is also known that in order to protect soils directly on which various containers have been built for storing or disposing of aggressive fluids, their thorough sealing is required. For example, if we are talking about tailings, then to protect the environment we must constantly provide

. their complete tightness. Otherwise, if their bases are damaged, aggressive substances located in the tailings begin to penetrate into the soil of the base. The result is a gradual poisoning of groundwater and the surrounding. One of the main techniques that is used to reliably seal the interior of buildings and structures against atmospheric influences, surface, underground and other waters, as well as to protect soils from filtering fluid substances in them from tanks built with aggressive media, is to create reliable coatings characterized by high rates of waterproofing, insulation and thermal insulation. For buildings and structures, these coatings are roofs of roofs and shells, and for storage tanks of aggressive fluids - sealed waterproofing substrates. A coating is known, including volumetric elements mounted on a support base and interconnected, made in the form of a separation layer enclosed in a shell (1). This coverage is taken as the closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed utility model, since it is closest to them in terms of the combination of common essential features and the achieved result.

The known device is a roof made of "tiles, which are mounted on a support base of the roof and interconnected volumetric elements, or, in other words," tiles, each of which is a separation layer, enclosed in a shell. To ensure the connection of adjacent volumetric elements on the side of the element facing the base there is a shaped protrusion that is inserted into the groove facing it

the outer side of the corresponding adjacent volume element.

The disadvantages of this type of coating are obvious and are as follows: 1. It does not have sufficient tightness, and cannot

provide the necessary hydro -, steam, sound and heat insulation.

This is due to the presence of gaps and integrity between

volumetric elements through which they penetrate from the outside, into

in particular atmospheric moisture and air. Known coating effectively protects only from rain and snow. However, in order to create sufficient hydro-, steam-, sound- and heat insulation under the volumetric elements, additional special building blocks must be erected, which complicates and increases the cost of the construction of the building. 2. 3. 4. 4. The coating does not have a self-supporting ability. With uneven settlement of the support elements, it is easily deformed along with it. This deformation is accompanied by an increase in gaps and leaks between the volumetric elements, which entails the improvement of heat, steam, sound and waterproofing. The coating does not have a sufficiently high mechanical strength, which is due to the low bearing capacity of the insulating layer placed under the "tile", since its components are soft or loose insulation, or flexible waterproofing material, which themselves do not possess a high non-adhesive after placing in the roof structure: 11 ability, although due to the possession of a known weight create significant additional loads on the support base. An increase in their strength, for example, in the simplest case, by using heat-insulated insulation boards inevitably entails an increase in the cost and laboriousness of building a roof. In the event of leaks, rapid wear and destruction of the entire 1 floor occurs as a result of the uncontrolled spread of water over large areas of coverage.

5. The difficulty of determining the leakage of the coating due to the presence of one single insulating surface. Visually, it is usually not possible to establish it. For example, the occurrence of a water spot on the ceiling in the corner of KOMHaibi does not usually mean that a waterproofing violation occurred in P01FYTII just above this place. As a result, to repair leaks, they usually carry out repair work on the entire floor, which is extremely time-consuming, expensive and

It takes a lot of time.

The purpose of the utility model is the intention to find a technical solution, which would be characterized by the following advantages:

1. Being made of soft insulation and soft waterproofing (for example, rolled) would be characterized

high bearing capacity.

2. It would have a low cost due to the use of the cheapest insulation and hydro- and steam- and sound insulation, usually used for the construction of roofs.

3. It would make it possible to simplify the construction of pokligia while reducing labor intensity.

4. It would be characterized by increased safety of construction, in particular, on roofs with reduced bearing capacity;

5. It would make it possible to quickly erect the coating not only on a solid supporting surface, but also on corrugated (profiled notched) and lattice surfaces, as well as on the supporting surface in the form of separate supporting platforms, for example, consoles.

6. It would provide a quick and accurate determination of leak points, including visually or using highly efficient automated systems (if necessary, to monitor

leakages of roofs of especially large sizes with places inaccessible or inaccessible for human access).

7. It would make it possible to carry out highly effective local repairs of coatings without replacing the entire coating or its individual significant parts.

8. It would be characterized by the presence of its highly effective

drainage systems.

To achieve these goals, a coating is claimed, including volumetric elements mounted on a support base and interconnected, made in the form of a dividing layer enclosed in a shell, and, according to a utility model, volumetric elements are hermetically connected to each other by at least adjacent lateral sides, and the shell of each volume element is made of airtight

flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base and is connected to the separation layer.

This set of common essential features is the essence of the claimed device. It is necessary and sufficient in all cases of its implementation.

Before a detailed presentation of the essence of the applicant considers it necessary to give interpretations used in the materials

claims of terms.

In accordance with the claimed utility model, the term phase separation layer has the broadest meaning. By it, in particular, is meant both a layer of thermal insulation (a layer of thermal insulation material), a vapor barrier layer, or a waterproofing layer, or a layer of a combination of their features in

various combinations, or void for example

loose bulk material, or a volumetric building structure, or, finally, an air layer, in particular under excessive pressure, between the outer shells of the waterproofing (that is, the case when there is no layer of any material between the outer shells, but there is only a layer of air (an air gap) as thermal insulation.

The term “sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without deformation the deformations of the support base means a flexible flexible durable waterproofing roll material.

The term “cohesive medium” is understood to mean any liquid for the prevention of leakage of which the claimed coating is used. For example, in the case of using the claimed utility model for the erection of roofs of buildings and structures, the term "fluid

the medium will mean water, and in the case of using a useful model for sealing benzo: water tanks, gasoline will be understood as a fluid medium, etc.

Returning to the essence of a useful model, the applicant considers it necessary to report the following.

According to the above described essence useful

models feature of it is that they take soft

waterproofing (nahgrimer, roll waterproofing) and a separation layer is wrapped in it, in particular in the form of soft thermal insulation (for example, a heat-insulating board) followed by hermetic connection of the edges of the waterproofing (by gluing, welding, etc.) to obtain a hermetic shell. Just as when inflating a soccer ball, the soft shell and the air inside it are transformed into a rigid

elastic construction, so in this case a self-supporting volumetric element of a rigid structure is created from soft starting building materials, as a result of a closed configuration, the comforter is in the conditions of comprehensive compression, and the places of non-bending of the waterproofing form external stiffeners, additionally increasing the bearing capacity and providing convenient connection of formed volumetric elements among themselves. Then from thus obtained

rigid self-supporting volumetric elements form a composite cover by sequentially tightly connecting these volumetric elements on the sides with bearing capacity.

Thus, the claimed utility model being made of soft insulation and soft waterproofing

(e.g. roll) is characterized by high bearing

ability.

however, the applicant considers it necessary to emphasize the following.

The most important feature of the claimed utility model is that the separation layer is not just enclosed in a shell, but also connected to it, for example, using a layer of molten bitumen, glue, etc. In this case, the carrier rises significantly.

coating ability in general. We illustrate this point with the following example. In case of uneven settlement of the support base, deformation of the coating occurs. Moreover, the coating, without losing tightness, effectively resists this process as a result of the fact that the shells of the volumetric elements are interconnected. Since each shell is connected to a separating layer placed inside it, then significantly

resistance to external stresses from precipitation increases

grounds. In addition, due to the connection of the shell with the separation layer, for example, using bitumen, mastic, etc., the tightness reliability of each volume element significantly increases. If the stresses arising from the precipitation exceed the values exceeding those at which the stretching of the shells begins, the latter follow without breaks

deformations of the support base.

in addition, the coating according to the claimed utility model is, instead of a single insulating surface, a composite “sectional insulating surface of separate” sections — sealed volumetric blocks. As a result of such “sectioning,” it becomes possible to use the principle of “tanker,” when leakages of one section are localized only in this section and do not occur.

. water distribution to other sections. This allows you to increase the durability of the coating, reduce the cost of its operation, as well as easily determine the location of leaks. Repair is also simplified, because instead of replacing the entire roof, it is enough to repair only the damaged volume element. What is described above is the essence of the claimed utility model, which does not change. Concrete constructions of individual volumetric elements, their joints with each other, as well as other coating elements can (as well as methods of its construction) may vary depending, for example, on the operating conditions, the type of building on which the coating is being built, the availability of necessary building materials and fixtures, etc. Moreover, we consider it necessary to highlight the following development and / or refinement of the general set of essential features of the device related to particular cases of its implementation or use. One of the most important additional improvements of the utility model is that in addition to joining with the shell, the separation layer can be compressed inside the shell. This allows even greater) to increase the stiffness and strength of the volume element as a whole, as well as increase the strength of the connection shell

with a separation layer. As a result, the self-supporting ability of the entire coating as a whole will increase even more.

It is important to note that the connection of volumetric elements with each other can be performed in various ways, for example, volumetric elements can be connected by adjacent lateral sides on all their surfaces or in separate places. The connection itself can be performed by gluing the outer surfaces together or by welding or mechanical connection, etc. In addition, a combination joint, in particular mechanical joint and welding, may be used.

For additional strength and stiffness of the coating, its interconnected volumetric elements on the opposite side of the support base can be

additionally connected to a layer of sealed flexible material

with the ability to follow, without discontinuities, deformations of the support base. Moreover, this material may have a different design. For example, it can be a solid strip of waterproofing flexible elastic material, or it can be made up of separate strips covering several volume elements at once. Separate strips can be overlapped with adjacent lateral sides and interconnected by them, for example, by gluing. To facilitate installation of the coating, the layer of sealed flexible material with the possibility of following without deformation the deformations of the support base may be a strip of waterproofing flexible elastic material, the side of which is facing the volumetric elements, is covered with a layer of adhesive. To reduce the heating of the sun coating to increase the degree of protection against mechanical damage, it is advisable that the layer of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformation of the support base would be covered with at least one additional layer of waterproofing material, which would be a protective "armored coating , in the form, for example, of mica, which well rejects, in particular, the sun's rays. As noted above, each volume element contains a separation layer enclosed in a shell. This separation layer, as also noted above, can have various designs.

For example, the separation layer can be made whole from a heat-insulating material, or from a water-, air- and vapor-permeable material, in particular, FROM geotextile.

The separation layer can also be made of material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid, for example, which is a composition containing bentonite clay.

The separation layer may be a material with

Possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid, in particular, a composition based on polyurethane resin.

The separation layer may be a void forming agent, for example, in the form of an additional spatial building structure.

All considered examples of separation

the layer referred to the case when the separation layer is full

integral from one material.

However, the separating layer can be filled with a composite thickness of the sublayers. Moreover, as at least one sublayer can be used

WATER-, air- and vapor-permeable material;

thermal insulation material;

material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid;

material with the possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid, etc.

In addition, the separation layer can be made integral along the longitudinal length of the sublayers.

Finally, the separation layer can be filled with composite

in thickness and along the longitudinal length of the sublayers.

The sheath of a volumetric element can also have various design solutions.

For example, a sheath made of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow the deformations of the support base without tearing can be filled

single layer;

multilayer;

reinforced.

It may be an adhesive tape wound on a release layer. However, it is preferable that the adhesive tape be made with adhesive on both sides. In addition to the simplicity of manufacturing, this design is very convenient for assembly, in which the volumetric elements are connected by the adhesive coated sides (a protective film is removed from the adhesive surfaces before connection). On top of the connected volumetric elements to increase the rigidity of the coating, it is possible to apply or roll out the aforementioned hermetic flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base, which adheres to the volumetric elements. A shell of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without deformation the deformations of the support base can be made with a meltable outer layer, and the adjacent sides of the joined volume elements are fused to each other. In this case, the shell may be a glass-reinforcing mesh monolithic in bitumen or rubemast. To increase the strength of the coating over the stps of adjacent volumetric elements with an overlap, strips of a waterproofing material with a melted outer layer can be welded on their sides. In addition, the shell can be made in the form of a frozen layer of a thermoplastic material, for example, bitumen. To increase the strength of the coating to the connected volumetric blocks from the side opposite to the support base, strips of waterproofing material can be hermetically attached to the adjacent surfaces of the volumetric elements to form cavities, at least some of which can be equipped with means for connecting to a vacuum pump for extra to ensure leak testing. If during the operation of the vacuum pump the creation of vacuum in one cavity or another is not ensured, this will mean its depressurization and the need for appropriate repairs. In addition, the shell of the waterproofing material of each volume element can be made flexible and wrapped around the separation layer with an allowance thrown over the joint onto the shell surface of the adjacent volume element with hermetic sealing to it. Of course, it is desirable that the ends of each such volumetric element be equipped with additional sealing means. For the above modification of the utility model, it is preferable that the shell of the waterproofing material of the volume element be made in the form of a strip of flexible waterproofing material. However, it may have a different design. For example, a sheath of waterproofing material of the volumetric element 1 can be made of a composite of strips of flexible waterproofing material wrapped with overlapping each other. In this case, the separation layer covered by the shell, in turn, can also have various designs. Let's consider some of them. For example, it can be made integral along the longitudinal length of the volumetric block, as well as the thickness of the sublayers. In this case, at least one sublayer thereof may be made of heat-insulating material in the form of a dry material or in the form of at least one heat-insulating plate. For the latter case, it is advisable that a pair of heat-insulating plates mounted on top of each other, which can be made of different densities, be placed inside the shell of each volume element. Moreover, the density of these plates can be different 1i. in particular, the heat-insulating plate on the side of the bearing base can be made of lower density, and it is advisable that the heat-insulating plate on the side of the bearing base is filled with a lower density. (It is desirable that at least a part of the volumetric elements be equipped with an autonomous fluid removal system and sensors for detecting leakage of the fluid. Let us dwell on this in more detail. Due to the action of various factors, the tightness of a separate volumetric element of the claimed coating may be compromised. One such mechanical damage may occur, in which case the external fluid may enter the interior of the volumetric element, to ensure that the fluid that has got inside the volumetric element (in water, etc.) it is desirable that each volumetric element be equipped with an autonomous fluid removal system, which may, for example, include a receiving funnel connected to a fluid discharge pipe, which in turn can be connected to a drain manifold. However, in some cases it is advisable to connect the pipelines for the removal of the fluid to the system of reuse of the fluid.It is obvious that this modification is most preferable for the case when the claimed utility model is used The user as a coating for Storage Con- tainers. Then the leaking fuel will be collected and sent back to the tank with oil. v, If the coating is enlarged or access to its individual elements is difficult or even impossible, then it is advisable that, at least, part of the volumetric elements would be equipped with sensors for detecting leakage of a fluid, for example, in the form of an electric humidity sensor. This greatly simplifies the search for leaks, which speeds up the repair of the coating and reduces its cost and complexity, as it provides local repair instead of replacing the entire roof. To ensure effective repair, each volume element can be equipped with a shutter, in particular, a flap. At the same time, numerous dampers are possible. For example, the shutter can be made in the form of a lockable nozzle, one end of which is inside the volume element, and the other end is brought out. A different instrument can be inserted through the nozzle into the interior of the volume element to study the state of the volume element from the inside, as well as to examine it. If the volume element is hollow, then a flexible rod with a light source and a camera at the end can be used as a tool. If the volumetric elements are sealed, then at least a part of the volumetric elements are used to check for leaks.

Elements can be connected to a vacuum pump. If after its inclusion an impossibility of creating a vacuum in a particular volume element is detected, this will indicate a leak in the volume block. This improvement can be applied simultaneously with the connection of the previously mentioned cavity to the vacuum pump between the upper joint of adjacent volumetric elements and hermetically

a strip of waterproofing material attached to them.

This combination allows you to check the tightness not only

volumetric elements, but also the joints between them. As a result, the resulting coating will have a particularly high tightness, which will allow it to be used to create, for example, tailing dumps for storing highly aggressive substances.

The tightness of volumetric elements can not be checked.

only by connecting them to a vacuum pump. For the same

at least part of the volumetric elements can be equipped with an autonomous injection system of the tinted fluid or air. If, after connecting an autonomous system, a tinted fluid is detected on the surface of the volumetric element, this will mean leakage of the volumetric element. Before turning on the autonomous air injection system, the surface of the volume element must be covered with a solution of water and soap. Then, if there are holes in the volume element, soap bubbles will form at the place where air is injected into the volume element. If, as a result of the above actions, leakage of volume elements is detected, then their repair can occur in various ways. For example, a full coating can be provided at the location of an unpressurized volume element and replaced. However, in order to simplify and accelerate the repair process, a hardening composition can be pumped into the interior of the bulk elements. For this, at least part of the volumetric elements can be equipped with an autonomous injection system of the hardening composition. Of course, in this case, each volume element must be equipped with a means for bleeding air into the atmosphere from inside the volume unit, for example, a spring-loaded check valve mounted in the shell of the volume element. If the air pressure inside the volume block rises above a certain specified value, the check valve opens and relieves excess air pressure into the atmosphere, thereby ensuring the possibility of further hardening composition entering the volume element. To provide a feed inside the volume element

hardening composition can be used pipelines for the removal of fluid, damper, as well as a system for the operation of the prefilled fluid or air. Various substances can be used as a hardening composition, for example, a solution based on bentonite clay, a cement mortar, etc. In this case, in our opinion, it is fair to speak of a “self-healing volumetric element.

Various can be solved by connecting volumetric elements

with a bearing base. In this case, all or at least part of the volumetric elements can be connected to the supporting base. The support base itself may have a different design. In particular, the support base can be made with a continuous flat supporting surface, for example, be concrete slabs of industrial floors

or civil buildings. However, it can be performed with

several separate supporting surfaces (corrugated board).

Volumetric elements can have different orientations in space, which depends on many reasons, in particular, on operating conditions, the form of experience, its purpose, etc.

It is also desirable that the T2gala waterproofing sheath be sealed. However, nonetheless.

r vn «MnT, a variant is possible when there would be non-density on separate sides not endangered by moisture and rain. The most appropriate form of volumetric elements is a shape approximately resembling the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. In this case, their most convenient docking is provided, as well as the ability to effectively use the structural strength in the construction of the coating. However, other shapes are possible, for example, having a hexagonal shape in plan. Volumetric elements can be bent in space for the formation of spherical surfaces, domes, arches. As noted above, the volumetric elements from which the coating is assembled can have various types of tight connections to each other. For example, volumetric elements can be interconnected not only by lateral faces (surfaces of the sides), but by at least adjacent lateral flanges, for example, continuous sealed welds of joints at separate points with the addition of mechanical joints (for example, plates tightened by bolts) shh without such additions. As noted earlier, volumetric elements can be interconnected by adjacent lateral sides at i, individual points, and from the side opposite to the support base, strips of waterproofing material can be hermetically attached over joints to their adjacent surfaces. As noted above, to ensure self-sealing, a layer of material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid medium, for example, water, can be placed inside the shell of a volumetric element of a waterproofing material. Let us dwell on this in more detail. In this case, when a leak occurs, the heat-insulating layer increases in size and shifts the waterproofing, reducing leakage. In addition, leaks are reduced as a result of swelling and curing of said material layer. As noted above, water swelling material may be used, for example), bentonite clay or a composition containing bentonite clay. The insignificant water permeability of this special clay is widely known, which allows it to be used as a waterproofing screen. When moistened, bentonite particles significantly increase in volume and turn into a paste-like mass that impedes the filtration of water. if a separation layer is used, which consists of sublayers in thickness, then at least one sublayer can also be used to swell under the influence of a fluid (water), for example, bentonite clay or a composition containing bentonite clay. In this case, the sealing of the volume element itself is also ensured. In addition to the material that swells under the influence of a fluid, as previously noted, a separation layer of a material having the property of hardening under the influence of a fluid, for example, a composition based on polyurethane resin, can be placed inside the shell of a volumetric element made of waterproofing material. In this case, the volumetric element itself is sealed when leaks occur, since under the influence of a fluid, for example, water, the separation layer hardens and loses its ability to pass water. In the case where a separation layer is used, made of a composite of a thickness of sublayers, then as at least one sublayer can be used material with the possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid. for example, a composition based on a polyurethane resin. This also ensures the sealing of the volume element itself. Finally, any additional spatial building structure, for example, a wave-shaped or comb-shaped panel in cross section, can be used as a separation layer. In addition to the industrial and industrial purpose, the claimed coating can be laid on the supporting bases of the tailings, gas storage, pool, etc. 6 the conclusion of this section of the description of the applicant considers it necessary to dwell on some of the advantages of the claimed utility model, which directly follow from the above description. As noted earlier, the purpose of this utility model is to create a 1-point coating from cheap building materials, which is characterized by simplicity and ease of construction, convenience and safety in operation and repair. An important advantage of the utility model is also that it can be relatively simple and easy to implement on technological equipment that is currently widely used in domestic industry using cheap

building materials and much cheaper than foreign and domestic counterparts.

These and other useful utility models can be seen in more detail after referring to the description of the present application given below by drawings.

A useful model is illustrated in the drawing. In FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the claimed utility model, axonemechria;

In FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. 1 (cross section of a volume element);

In FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the manufacture of a volumetric element with a single-layer shell;

In FIG. 4 shows the connection of volumetric elements with adjacent lateral sides at individual points on

wire loops followed by joints

glued strips of waterproofing material, axonometry;

In FIG. 5 shows the connection of volumetric elements with adjacent lateral sides by means of welded PHA, axonometry;

In FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a device of soft 1floor on corrugated board, cross section; In FIG. 7 shows the design of the coating, poured directly onto the roof of the building and characterized in that the shell and the layers of the heat-insulating material located inside it are made up, axonometric; In FIG. 8 - the same, in the 1st assembly process, axonemeggria. According to the claimed utility model shown in FIG. 1, completion 1, includes at least one insulating layer 4 mounted on a support base 2 in the form of reinforced concrete plate 3, insulating layer 4 is made of a composite of volumetric elements hermetically connected to each other 5. As shown in FIG. 2, each volume element 5 contains a separating layer 6 enclosed in a sheath 7 made of an airtight flexible material with the possibility of following breaks after deformations of the base, for example, made of insulating material. In this case, the sheath 7 is connected to the separation layer 6. The separation layer 6 can be distinguished by g) conspiracy. For example, it is made up of a whole layer, in particular of a heat-insulating layer, this is shown in FIG. 2. However, as will be shown below, the separation layer of the mesh can be made composed of the thickness of the sublayers (Fig. 6). For example, at least one sublayer of the separation layer can be fulfilled by the same method, xff. material. The applicant also considers it necessary to note that the separation layer can be filled not only composite but also thickness, but also along the longitudinal length, which will be explained in detail below (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). In this case, sublayers of the thickness of the separation layer can be additionally interconnected, for example, using molten bitumen. However, such an additional connection of the sublayers with each other may not be necessary. The situation is similar for sublayers along the longitudinal length. These sublayers can optionally not be interconnected, but you can also connect them at the ends, for example, molten bitumen. Outwardly, the volumetric element 5 can have a very different shape. It is most preferable to shape it approximately in a shape similar to a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in FIG. 1. In this case, it is convenient to squeeze the volumetric elements 5 together, followed by a hermetic connection with each other to wrap the insulating layer 4 of the coating 1. However, for parapepps, the volumetric elements can have other shapes, for example, a cube, etc. For the manufacture of arches volumetric elements can be bent. To increase the rigidity of each individual volume unit 5, it is desirable that the separation layer 6 located inside it, for example, of a heat-insulating material, in addition to the connection with the shell 7, be squeezed by this shell of waterproofing material. The effect of increasing stiffness in this case is similar to the effect that occurs as a result of inflation of the skin of a leather ball by air. Obviously, the stronger the heat-insulating material is compressed, the stronger the volume element 5 will be. However, if, according to the design calculations for the coated conditions, significant stresses and bending moments in the volume elements 5 are not expected, then for such cases, volume elements 5 with small by compressing the separation layer 6 by a sheath 7 of a waterproofing material or even without any crimping effort. This will happen, for example, in the case when the separation layer 6 will only be wrapped in a shell 7 of waterproofing material and connected to it. The shell 7 of the waterproofing material may have a different design. For example, it may be airtight, but it may not be airtight. Of course, in order to create an airtight coating 1, the shell of each of its constituent volume elements S must be airtight and not pass fluid. The applicant considers it necessary to note that the shell 7 can be made single-layer. In this case, the volume unit 5 may be a separation layer 6, for example, of a heat-insulating material in the form of a heat-insulating plate, wrapped in a single layer in a sheath 7, which is a flexible rolled roofing material, as is conventionally shown in FIG. 3. For the manufacture of such a volume unit 5 with a single-layer shell 7, first pre-coated with an adhesive composition (for example, molten bitumen) or a fused edge 8 of the shell 7 in the direction indicated by arrow 9, then the edge 10, in the direction indicated by the arrow 11 etc. To connect the shell 7 with the separation layer 6, in addition to the molten bitumen, various other known methods for joining can be used. For example, the surface of the shell 7 can be melted by the burner if the shell is covered with a melted material. Or the connection can be made on glue. Finally, a combination joint can be used in which, in particular, the above joints are supplemented by a mechanical joint using paper clips, etc. The ends of the shell 7 are then bonded to each other or to the rest of the shell by one way or another connection, for example, using glue, welding

ETC. however, to increase the strength of the volume element, as noted above, it is desirable that the connection is airtight.

However, the shell 7 of the waterproofing material can be made not only single-layer, but also multi-layer. For example, when several shells 7 are formed around the separation layer 6 in such a manner as shown in FIG. To increase the strength of the shell 7 of the waterproofing material can be

interconnected, for example, by molten bitumen, and all shells or some of them are additionally reinforced.

The shell 7 of the waterproofing material may be a frozen layer of a thermoplastic material, such as bitumen. The most important feature in this case is

providing the connection of the cured layer of thermoplastic

material with a separation layer 6. Such a bulk element can be made in various ways. For example, take the separation layer 6 in the form of a plate of heat-insulating material with the ability to stick together with bitumen, and lower it into molten bitumen, hold there for some time, remove and allow the bitumen to harden. h Finally, the shell 7 may be a separation layer wrapped with adhesive tape. If the adhesive tape has a glue layer not only on the side facing the separation layer, but also on the other side, the assembly of the coating is greatly simplified. To do this, tightly compress the adjacent sides of the volume elements. This is the general construction of the volumetric element of the claimed coating. As will be shown below, various numerous modifications of this design are permissible, both related to the design of individual elements of the volume unit (shell, separation layer), and to the structure of the volume unit as a whole and their interconnection. The claimed coating 1 is erected from these volume elements 5 on the support base 2. For this, the volume elements 5 are laid on the support base 2 and hermetically connected to each other. The interconnection of volumetric elements can be performed in various ways. If the volumetric elements are a separation layer covered with adhesive tape, then the erection of the coating is described in two paragraphs above. However, the cover may be formed otherwise. For example, the volumetric elements 5 can be interconnected by at least adjacent lateral sides, in particular, at v joints 12 (Fig. 1). In this case, numerous specific modifications of such a compound are possible. For example, the volume elements 5 can be hermetically connected to each other by at least adjacent lateral sides, in particular by gluing them. In this case, from the side opposite to the supporting base 2, strips of waterproofing material can be hermetically attached to adjacent adjacent surfaces of the volumetric blocks 5 to form airtight cavities between each strip and the surface of the corresponding volumetric blocks 5 to which it is hermetically attached, for example, glued. This design is obvious and therefore not shown in the figures. To check for leaks, each cavity can be connected to a vacuum pump. The inability to achieve a sufficiently deep vacuum during pump operation will indicate a leak in the cavity. Another design for connecting the volumetric elements 5 to each other is illustrated in FIG. 4. According to it, the volumetric elements 5 can be interconnected at the joints 12 adjacent sides: and the sides at individual points, in particular, wire loops 13. Moreover, to ensure the sealing of the stsps 12 from the side opposite to the support base 2,

over the joints 12, strips 14 of waterproofing material are hermetically attached to their adjacent surfaces, in particular by gluing or welding.

If the outer layer of the waterproofing material of the shells 7 of the volumetric elements 5 is a meltable layer, in particular of thermoplastic material, for example, cured bitumen (see above the construction of the casing of the volumetric element made of cured bitumen), then the adjacent sides of the joined volumetric elements 5 can be connected by fusion of the melted layers, for example, a blowtorch (Fig. 5). As a result, a weld seam 15 is formed at the junction 12. The waterproofing material used in this case may have a different design. For example, it can be formed by a glass-reinforcing mesh monolithic in bitumen. IN

qualitatively such a shell can be effectively used

rolled roofing material, commonly known under the trademark RUBEMAST. In order to seal the joint 12 over the adjacent adjacent volumetric elements 5 forming with an overlap, strips 16 of waterproofing material also with a melted outer layer can be welded to them (for example, with a blowtorch). To do this, strip 16 is laid out at the junction so that the melted layer is turned towards the volumetric element and it is treated with a blowtorch, forming a continuous fusion seam 17. Volumetric element 5 can have a shell 7, which, being connected to the separation layer at the same time, is also a means connection of the volumetric elements 5 with each other with the formation of the coating 1 as a whole. As will be shown below, for this, the shell 7 of the waterproofing material of each volume element 5 can be made flexible and wrapped with a simultaneous connection around the separation layer 6 with an allowance thrown over the joint onto the surface of the shell 7 of the adjacent volume element 5 with a tight attachment to it (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 with explanations thereto). Of course, the ends of the volumetric elements 5 that remain open in this should be equipped with additional sealing means, that is, be sealed by appropriate methods widely known in construction, for example, by applying molten bitumen with its subsequent solidification. The sheath 7 of the waterproofing material of the volumetric element 5 can be either a solid strip of flexible waterproofing material, or be made up of a composite of strips wrapped with overlap and interconnected (for example, molten bitumen, glued, etc.)

flexible waterproofing material (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). Covered by the shell 7, the separation layer 6 may also have a different design. It can be solid in the form of a plate of heat-insulating material, but it can also be made compound along the longitudinal length of the volume unit, as well as its thickness from sublayers, or have a different design.

These are some modifications to the construction of the volume element 5, its shell 7, the separation layer 6 and the entire coating 1 as a whole.

Other features of the claimed utility model, we will consider a specific example of soft 1 floor on the corrugated board, shown in figure 6. According to this scheme, on the corrugated board 18 (profiled flooring 18), which performs the function of the reference

base 2, stacked and tightly interconnected

(for example, by the techniques described in general) volume elements 5. Each of the volume elements 5 consists of interconnected shell 7 and a separation layer 6. As noted earlier, in the General case, this separation layer 6 can have any design, starting with the fact that he may be a layer of insulating material. However, as also noted earlier, it is preferable that it be completed according to

, (g thickness of the sublayers in the form of heat-insulating plates 19. The number of these heat-insulating plates 19 can be different and determined, in particular, by calculation, depending, for example, on operating conditions. For example, inside the shell 7 there can be one heat-insulating plate 19. However it is preferable to place inside the shell 7 of each volume element 5 a pair of heat-insulating plates 19 mounted on top of each other, as shown in Fig. 6. In this case, the heat-insulating plates inside the shell of each volume element can have different densities, for example, the heat-insulating plate 20 from the side of the profiled flooring 18 (support base) can be made of lower density and greater thickness than the heat-insulating plate 21 installed on it. With this design, a more durable, dense and expensive heat-insulating plate 21 is located on top, which allows you to prevent the destruction of the coating from above from mechanical influences with a minimum consumption of expensive insulation. Below, there is a cheaper and less durable insulation in the form of a heat-insulating plate 20. Heat-insulating plates 20 and 21 are necessarily connected to the shell 7, for example, using an adhesive composition, molten metal, etc.). However, they may not

connect. But, if necessary, heat-insulating boards 20 and 21 can be connected to each other, in particular, using molten bitumen.

In some cases, it is advisable to use volumetric elements 5, which have the property of "self-healing when leaks occur, that is, to independently ensure the restoration of tightness. For this, an additional layer of material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of water, for example, from bentonite clay or compositions based on it, can be placed inside the shell 7 of the volume element 5 of the waterproofing material. In this case, when there is a leak, the bentonite particles of the additional layer) P8 become wet, significantly increase in volume and turn into a paste-like mass that impedes water filtration. A composition containing bentonite clay may not only be one of

sublayers of the separation layer 6, but it may also be the only material from which the separation layer 6 is formed.

Instead of a composition based on bentonite clay, as a separation layer or as one of its sublayers, a composition having the property of hardening under the influence of a fluid, for example, an injectable composition based on a polyurethane resin, can be used. In this case, the specified composition hardens upon contact with water. As an example, you can also refer to the widely known in the construction of single-component polyurethane hydroactive system brand "AKVIDUR-ES. It is a homogeneous mixture of toluene diisocyanate and prepolymer. As a result of the reaction of the mixture with water, an elastic rubber-like polymer is formed, increasing in volume up to 3000%, with physical and chemical binding of water. Another example of the composition of this species is cement, for example, expanding. As the separation layer 6 or one of its sublayers can also be used water-, air- and vapor-permeable material, for example, geotextiles. As the separation layer 6 or one of its sublayers can also be used soundproof material, as well as sound-, water-, air- and vapor-permeable material. Finally, as a separating layer 6 or one of its sublayers, any suitable, for example, a core former, or vice versa, an additional rigid spatial building structure, in particular a wave-shaped building panel, can be used as a separating layer or its sublayer. To increase the sealing reliability, the interconnected volume elements 5 with the opposite to the corrugated board 18 (supporting base) sides can be coated with the connection, for example, with molten bitumen, with at least one additional layer 22 of waterproofing material covering all or at least , several volumetric elements 5. In this case, as an additional layer of waterproofing material 22, rolled roofing material can be used, for example, widely known under the trademarks and "Rubemast and others. Of course, all of these additional layers of waterproofing material 22 are joined to their lower volume elements 5 or previously laid layers 22 by means of an adhesive composition, molten bitumen, or by melting surface layers, etc. To prevent overheating of the coating from exposure to sunlight, an additional layer 22 of waterproofing material can be made with a protective, so-called “armored coating, in the form, for example, of mica casting sunlight. These are some designs that implement the claimed utility model.

At the same time, volumetric elements 5 can be used to assemble the coating 1 of the so-called factory readiness, that is, imported, and can be made directly at the construction site, for example, on the roof of a building or on the surface of the earth near the structure being built. Similarly, the coating 1 itself can also be made in various ways: either on the ground, or, for example, directly on the support base 2 in series

connecting volumetric elements 5.

Consider one of the methods of manufacturing the coating 1 directly on the construction site, for example, on the building floor. It is characterized in that both the coating 1 and the shell 7 and the separation layer 6 located inside it are made composite. This design and method of construction

illustrated in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8.

According to these modifications, volume blocks 5 are mounted on a support base (not shown). These volume blocks are elongated rectangular parallelepipeds 23, 24 and 25. For the sake of clarity of their construction, the applicant considers it necessary to pay attention to FIG. 8 illustrating the manufacturing process on a support base of one separate

v

l of an elongated rectangular parallelepiped 23 located at the parapet of the roof. First, directly on the corrugated board 18, individual relatively small strips 26 of pre-cut rolled roofing waterproofing material with a serial connection to each other are laid. Each subsequent strip 26 is superimposed on the previous one with an overlap of, for example, 10 cm (in Fig. 8 this is not shown to prevent its "overload") with simultaneous connection among themselves, in particular, using molten bitumen. When laying, ensure that on both sides of each strip 26 there are free allowances (in other words, the free ends of the strips), and the allowance 27 on one side (right in Fig. 8) would be longer than the allowance 28 on the other side (left in Fig. 8 ) The length of the allowance 28 should be such as to ensure that the end surface and part of the upper surface of the heat-insulating plates laid on the strips 26 are closed, and the length of the allowance 27 should be such as to completely cover the upper surface of the heat-insulating plates laid subsequently and, if necessary, a part of the length remains for sealing joints between the volume of elements 5 (see explanations below). After that, molten bitumen or another composition is applied to the inner surface to ensure bonding, and then it is laid on the surface of the strips 26 of the first sublayer of the separation layer in the heat-insulating plates 29, which are joined by ends, for example, from polystyrene foam. Then they are laid, joining at the ends, plates of a more dense insulating material, the so-called miniplates (in Fig. 8 are not shown to prevent cluttering of the figure) (miniplates can be connected to other polystyrene foam sublayers, but may not be connected). After that, the lower surface of the allowance 28 is covered with molten bitumen or other composition to ensure connection with the miniplate and wrapped around the laid layers of thermal insulation material in the direction of the arrow indicated by 30, and then an allowance 27 is wrapped over them (also pre-coated with molten bitumen or other composition to provide connections) in the direction of the arrow indicated by 31. As a result of the above operations, we obtain a volume element 5, the shell 7 of which is from the waterproofing material is made up of composite strips 26 of flexible waterproofing material wrapped with overlap, and the separation layer covered by it is made as composite as thick (consists of two sub-layers in height, the lower of which is formed by polystyrene foam boards, and the upper layer is made of miniplates ), and along the longitudinal length (they are formed by chains of polystyrene foam plates and mineral plates joined by ends joined together). The end of the melted bitumen allowance 27 is glued to the parapet 32. This end is indicated at 33 in FIG. 7. The manufactured volume unit, as noted above, has a generally resembling rectangular parallelepiped. It is indicated by 23 in FIG. 7. This volume unit directly attaches to the parapet 32 of the erected cover 1 and is, as noted earlier, glued by the end 33 of the allowance 27 to it. After that, in the same way, a rectangular parallelepiped 24 is immediately drawn directly to the rectangular parallelepiped 23. For this, the strips 26 are laid out first with an overlap and the process is repeated. The free end 33 of the allowance 27 formed at the end of the process of its creation, after coating with molten bitumen or other composition, is secured over the joint 34 to ensure the connection. The transferred free end 33 is hermetically glued to the shell of the rectangular parallelepiped 23. The next rectangular parallelepiped 25 is similarly erected and stapled, and so on. W

, f As noted above, to increase the reliability of sealing, the interconnected volume elements 5 with the sides opposite to the onor base could be tightly coated with at least one additional layer 22 of waterproofing material, which perefyvatsya all or at least several volume elements . These additional layers are hermetically connected, for example, using molten bitumen to the upper surface of the interconnected volume elements 5. For the convenience of reading figure 7, it shows two additional layers 22, the boundary between which is arbitrarily indicated by a white line, although in reality, at this point one additional layer 22 with an overlap covers another additional layer 22 with mandatory sealing when using, for example, molten bitumen: the edges of the additional layers overlapped with the overlap are connected interconnected by molten bitumen or other composition to ensure bonding, or welded or glued. The remaining ends 35 of each volume element 5 (or rectangular parallelepipeds 23, 24, 25, for the cases depicted in figures 7 and 8) are equipped with additional sealing means, for example, in the form of strips of waterproofing material, hermetically attached to O THESE elements, e.g. molten bitumen, glue, etc. This can be done while wrapping the separation layer in the shell. However, it can be produced at another stage, for example, after wrapping. Numerous other methods of erecting both the coating as a whole and individual bulk elements are possible. For example, each volumetric element can be made of flat sheets of, for example, high density polyethylene by welding these sheets in stps with the simultaneous formation of a separation layer inside. To do this, first lay the base sheet on the base. Then, sheets forming the sides of the volume element are edge-mounted on it and welded to the base sheet, as well as to each other. Inside the resulting “japless without” lid, a separating layer of one design or another is created, which is attached to the inner surface of the created shell, for example, with molten bitumen, and then the “box is covered with a top horizontal sheet with deposited molten bitumen for connection with the separation layer and the upper horizontal sheet is welded to the vertical sheets of the side walls so that the inner surface of the sheet snugly adheres to the separation layer and adheres to it.

If necessary, each volumetric element 5 can be additionally equipped with naro-insulation and other elements.

For example, each volumetric element 5 can be equipped with an autonomous system of fluid removal (drainage), penetrated from the outside to the inside. This autonomous system includes a watertight, airtight surface made on the inner lower surface of each volume unit with a bias towards the central part, in which a receiving funnel is connected, connected to a pipeline for draining fluid (water). If the shell is filled with a sealed waterproofing material, then it is not necessary to carry out a waterproof tight surface on the inner lower surface of each volume unit, since the lower surface of the shell 7 will play its role. It is necessary to ensure only the inclination of the lower surface of the shell 7 of the volume element 5 to the central (or other the base of the volumetric element) in which the receiving funnel is mounted. At the same time, for the convenience of discharging the penetrated fluid (water), the pipelines for discharging the fluid can be connected to the outlet manifold.

However, in some cases it is advisable to connect pipelines to divert the fluid to the re-h system

using fluid. Obviously, this modification is most preferable for the case when the claimed utility model is used as a coating for gas storages. Then the leaking fuel will be collected and sent back to the tank with oil. If the coating is oversized or access to its individual elements is difficult or even impossible, then it is advisable that at least part of the volumetric elements 5 would be equipped with sensors for detecting leakage of the medium, for example, in the form of an electric humidity sensor. This greatly simplifies the search for leaks, which speeds up the repair of the coating and reduces its cost and complexity, as it provides local repair instead of replacing the entire coating, for example, the roof. If all sensors are connected to a common information collection unit, an exceptionally effective system for monitoring the integrity of the coating, for example, a roofing, will be created, which allows you to quickly and accurately determine the place of leaks. As noted earlier, to ensure effective repair, each volumetric element 5 can be equipped with a shutter, in particular, a flap. Numerous flap options are possible. For example, a shutter may be made in

in the form of a clampable nozzle on the lower surface of the volume unit 5, one end of which is located inside the volume element and the other end is brought out. A different tool can be introduced through the pipe into the interior of the volume element to study the condition of the volume element from the inside, as well as to repair it. If the volume element is hollow, then, for example, a flexible rod with a light source and a camera at the end can be used as a tool.

If the volumetric elements are leakproof, then at least part of the volumetric elements can be connected to a vacuum pump to check for leaks. If, after switching on the vacuum pump, the impossibility of creating a vacuum in that other volume element is detected, this will indicate a leak in the volume unit. This improvement can be applied simultaneously with the connection to the vacuum pump of the previously mentioned cavity between the upper joint of adjacent volumetric elements and a strip of waterproofing material that is tightly attached to them. This combination allows you to check the tightness of not only volumetric elements, but also the joints between them. As a result, the resulting coating will have a particularly high tightness, which will allow it to be used to create, for example, tailing dumps for storing particularly highly aggressive substances. The tightness of volumetric elements can be checked not only by connecting them to a vacuum pump. For the same purpose, at least a part of the volumetric elements 5 can be equipped with an autonomous injection system for tinted fluid or air. If, after connecting an autonomous system, a tinted fluid is detected on the surface of the volumetric element, this will mean leakage of the volumetric element. Before turning on the autonomous air injection system, the surface of the volume element must be covered with a solution of soap and water. Then, in the presence of invisible holes and gaps in the volume element, soap bubbles will form in their place after air is injected into the volume element. If, as a result of the above actions, leakage of volume elements is detected, then their repair can occur in various ways. For example, can be opened at the location of the leaky volume element and made its replacement. However, in order to simplify and accelerate the repair process, the hardening composition can be pumped into the bulk elements. v For this, at least part of the volumetric elements may be equipped with an autonomous injection system of the hardening composition. Of course, in this case, each volume element must be equipped with a means for bleeding air into the atmosphere from inside the volume unit, for example, a spring-loaded check valve mounted in the shell of the volume element. When the air pressure inside the volume unit exceeds a certain specified value, the check valve opens and "relieves the excess air pressure into the atmosphere, thereby ensuring the possibility of further hardening composition entering the volume element. In order to ensure that the volumetric element of the hardening composition is supplied inside, pipelines for draining the fluid, a shutter, and also a system for pumping the tinted fluid or air can be used. Various substances can be used as a hardening composition, for example, a solution based on bentonite clay, a cement mortar, etc. Depending on the construction of the cover (roof), all or only a certain part of the volumetric elements 5 can be connected to the supporting base. As it was shown in VNPE, one of the advantages of the claimed coating is that it can

to be equally successfully installed both on a support base in the form of a concrete slab, and in the form of corrugated board, etc.

Volumetric elements can have different orientations in space, which depends on many reasons, in particular, on operating conditions, form of coating, its purpose, etc.

All noted above was mainly related to the construction of roofs of buildings for civil and construction purposes. However, the claimed device and method can be used with equal success and high efficiency for the construction of waterproofing coatings of tailings, gas storages, pools and other structures built directly on soils intended for storage of various fluids, including aggressive ones, which pose a serious threat environmental safety.

As repeatedly noted earlier, numerous modifications of the claimed device, in particular, individual nodes, are possible. HianpHMep, the sheath of the waterproofing material of the bulk element can be made single-layer and wrapped around the thermal insulation material at least once. The versatility of this noble model is obvious. It can be used both for roofing and insulating coatings of various ground and underground structures. Compared with the prototype, it itself has a bearing capacity. In this case, due to the connection of the shell and the separation layer, external loads are perceived not only by the shell, but also by the separation layer, which additionally increases the unsupported ability of the coating as a whole. The utility model is characterized by the fact that, if necessary, leaks can be easily found and repaired, and this process allows its automation. Due to the sectioning, that is, the formation of POLYTHIA from a plurality of interconnected sealed volumetric elements, leaks in one place do not lead to wetting and rapid deterioration of the entire coating. The safety of the erection of the coating and its operation are accelerated, accelerated and increased. In addition to the given variants of the utility model, numerous other modifications are possible. All of them are covered by the utility model formula given below by the applicant. 1. US patent No. 4856236, CL. 52-11, published. 1989 (prototype).

Claims (52)

1. A coating comprising volumetric elements mounted on a support base and interconnected, made in the form of a dividing layer enclosed in a shell, characterized in that the volumetric elements are hermetically connected to each other by at least adjacent lateral sides, and the shell of each volumetric element is made from a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base and is connected to the separation layer.  2. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is compressed inside the shell.  3. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric elements are connected by adjacent lateral sides on all their surfaces.  4. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric elements are connected by adjacent lateral sides in separate places.  5. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the interconnected volumetric elements on the opposite side of the support base are additionally connected to a layer of sealed flexible material with the possibility of following without deformation the deformations of the support base.  6. The coating according to claim 5, characterized in that the layer of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base is a solid strip of waterproofing flexible elastic material.  7. The coating according to claim 5, characterized in that the layer of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base is a composite strip of waterproofing flexible elastic material.  8. The coating according to claim 5, characterized in that the layer of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without deformation the deformations of the support base is a strip of waterproofing flexible elastic material, the side of which is facing the volumetric elements, is covered with a layer of adhesive.  9. The coating according to p. 5, characterized in that the layer of sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks in the deformation of the support base is covered with at least one additional layer of waterproofing material.  10. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made of heat-insulating material.  11. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made of water-, air- and vapor-permeable material.  12. The coating according to claim 11, characterized in that geotextiles are used as water-, air- and vapor-permeable material.  13. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made of material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid.  14. The coating according to item 13, wherein the composition containing bentonite clay is used as a material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid.  15. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is a material with the possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid.  16. The coating according to claim 15, characterized in that a composition based on a polyurethane resin is used as a material with the possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid.  17. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is a void former.  18. The coating according to claim 17, characterized in that an additional spatial building structure is used as a core former.  19. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made integral in thickness of the sublayers.  20. The coating according to claim 19, characterized in that as at least one sublayer is used water-, air- and vapor-permeable material.  21. The coating according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one sublayer of the separation layer is made of heat-insulating material.  22. The coating according to claim 19, characterized in that as at least one sublayer used material with the possibility of swelling under the influence of a fluid.  23. The coating according to claim 19, characterized in that as at least one sublayer used material with the possibility of hardening under the influence of a fluid.  24. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made integral along the longitudinal length of the sublayers.  25. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation layer is made composite of sublayers in thickness and along a longitudinal length.  26. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks in the deformation of the support base is made single-layer.  27. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base is multilayer.  28. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheath of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformation of the support base is made reinforced.  29. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without tearing the deformation of the support base is an adhesive tape wound on a separation layer.  30. The coating according to p. 29, characterized in that the adhesive tape is made with an adhesive composition on both sides.  31. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks the deformations of the support base is made with a meltable outer layer, and the adjacent sides of the joined volumetric elements are fused to each other.  32. The coating according to p. 31, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks in the deformation of the support base with a melted outer layer is a glass-reinforcing mesh monolithic in bitumen.  33. The coating according to p. 32, characterized in that the shell of a sealed flexible material with the ability to follow without breaks in the deformation of the support base with a melted outer layer is rubemast.  34. The coating according to p. 31, characterized in that over the joints of adjacent volumetric elements with an overlap on their sides are surfaced strips of waterproofing material with a melted outer layer.  35. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made in the form of a solidified layer of thermoplastic material.  36. The coating according to claim 35, characterized in that bitumen is used as a thermoplastic material.  37. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that from the side opposite to the support base, strips of waterproofing material are tightly attached to the adjacent surfaces of the volumetric elements to form cavities.  38. The coating according to clause 37, wherein at least a portion of the cavities are equipped with means for connecting to a vacuum pump.  39. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheath of the waterproofing material of each volume element is flexible and wrapped around the separation layer with an allowance thrown over the joint onto the surface of the shell of the adjacent volume element with hermetic attachment to it.  40. The coating according to § 39, characterized in that the ends of each volume element are equipped with additional sealing means.  41. The coating according to § 39, wherein the sheath of the volumetric element is made in the form of a solid strip of waterproofing material.  42. The coating according to claim 39, wherein the sheath of the volumetric element is made of composite strips of flexible waterproofing material wrapped with overlapping each other.  43. The coating according to claim 39, characterized in that the separation layer covered by the shell is made integral along the longitudinal length of the volume unit, as well as the thickness of the sublayers.  44. The coating according to item 43, wherein the at least one sublayer of the separation layer is made of heat-insulating material in the form of at least one heat-insulating plate.  45. The coating according to item 43, wherein a pair of heat-insulating plates placed on top of each other is placed inside the shell of each volume element.  46. The coating according to item 45, wherein the heat-insulating plates inside the shell of each volume element are made of different densities.  47. The coating according to item 46, wherein the heat-insulating plate on the side of the carrier base is made of lower density.  48. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the volumetric elements is equipped with an autonomous fluid removal system.  49. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the volumetric elements is equipped with sensors for detecting fluid leaks.  50. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting base is made with a continuous flat supporting surface.  51. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting base is made with several separate supporting surfaces. 52. The coating according to paragraph 51, wherein the supporting base, made with several separate supporting surfaces, is a corrugated board.