RU2343530C1 - System for control and prevention of unauthorised flights of small aircrafts in airspace of major cities and crucial objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of instrument-making and may be used for control and prevention of unauthorised flights of small aircrafts (AC) in airspace of major cities. Facilities of board navigation-information equipment include system of automatic control (SAC). In case critical parameters of AC flight critically deviate from preset values, SAC provides unmanned control of flight and forced landing with AC maintenance within the limits of area permitted for flights. Board navigation equipment performs high-precision positioning of aircraft in mode of combined use of signals from existing global navigation satellite systems, for instance - GLONASS and GPS, with account of differential message signals.

EFFECT: expansion of functional resources.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of creating automatic flight control systems in aviation using global satellite navigation systems and is intended for use in automated complexes for the prevention of terrorist acts carried out using small aircraft, in relation to urban and other critical facilities.

In connection with the growing transport problems in large cities, it becomes effective and it is planned to use small aircraft in order to promptly provide emergency medical care, eliminate accidents and fires, deliver passengers to airports, etc.

The use of small aviation requires both ensuring flight safety of aircraft, and ensuring the safety of critical facilities in respect of which terrorist acts can be committed using small aircraft.

Technical means ensuring the safety of flights and critical facilities should ensure the solution of target tasks in the conditions of interference factors characteristic of industrial megacities, low altitude of flight of aircraft, at any time and in any weather. At the same time, technical means providing security measures should not have additional harmful effects on the environment and the population, and methods of counteracting terrorist acts should not pose a threat to urban facilities and the population.

Currently known complexes designed to protect against airborne objects, based on the use of locations for airspace control, detection and tracking of aircraft. The use of optical (thermal, laser) location systems to control airspace in large cities is impractical due to the low efficiency of such systems in adverse weather conditions, during the daytime, at a high concentration of dust or smog. The use of all-weather and all-weather radar systems for airspace control is also associated with the need to solve a wide range of technical, economic, environmental and legal problems. Of particular difficulty is the control of air transport at low altitudes (up to 100 meters), where a dense urban infrastructure creates numerous shadow zones in which the detection and tracking of (especially small) aircraft becomes practically impossible. To solve this problem, the deployment of a superdense network of radar stations is required, for the placement of which it is necessary to use the already existing highest structures, or to build special high-rise towers. The constant radiation of numerous radar stations will pose a threat to human health and adversely affect the operating conditions of information systems and communication devices.

The patent RU 2228543 describes a system that implements a method for preventing unauthorized use of aircraft, selected as the closest analogue of the proposed technical solution. Known from RU 2228543, the invention makes it difficult to pilot an aircraft or creates discomfort when piloting it, which can lead to the rejection of unauthorized intentions. The technical result achieved is the prevention of intentional irreparable damage to particularly important objects using the kamikaze method by an aircraft forcibly captured by terrorists by creating conditions on board that impede the change in the desired flight path of the aircraft, making them difficult to pilot, and exclude the possibility of aiming the aircraft at the selected object .

To prevent a planned terrorist attack by reconfiguring the on-board systems or on-board equipment on board the aircraft, conditions are created that impede the change in the desired flight path, make it difficult to fly, exclude the possibility of aimed aiming at the selected object or create psychological discomfort when flying. The system includes a set of on-board navigation and information equipment equipment and a set of ground-based technical equipment located on board aircraft. Means of on-board navigation and information equipment include on-board navigation equipment of the global navigation satellite system, on-board database of aeronautical data, on-board means for monitoring flight parameters, processing and output of information about controlled flight parameters. On-board means of monitoring the flight parameters monitor compliance with the specified standards and values of the parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft, the psychophysical state of the crew members, the flight path, the state of the sensors of unauthorized access to aircraft controls. Ground-based technical means include air traffic control points interconnected with each other and with the side of the aircraft they are accompanying (for example, via a radio channel), the means of which determine the current parameters of the aircraft’s movement, form and transmit aboard teams to change the flight parameters, and introduce deterministic program trajectory parameters with the inherent impossibility of changing them in the process of pre-flight preparation of the aircraft’s aeronautical data into the airborne database that one. During the flight, the determination of the current coordinates and motion parameters is additionally carried out by the aircraft’s own means and by means of space and air observation. In flight, conflict-hazardous aircraft are detected and attempts to unauthorized use are monitored by information about their unacceptable deviation from the deterministic programmed path or by an alarm message from the aircraft. In the event of an abnormal change in the flight path on board an aircraft or a ground control point, commands are formed and transmitted for reconfiguration of the on-board systems or on-board equipment of the aircraft. After reducing to an acceptable value the mismatch of the current flight parameters with the given reconfiguration will be canceled.

The unauthorized flight control system, known from patent RU 2228543, has the disadvantages of location systems that provide protection from air objects listed above. The main of these shortcomings is the complexity of location-based control of air transport at low altitudes over urban buildings due to shadow zones in which the detection and tracking of small-sized aircraft is almost impossible. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to deploy a superdense network of radar stations that pose a threat to human health and adversely affect the operating conditions of information systems and communication devices.

In addition, the system known from RU 2228543 has unnecessary complexity: the determination of the current coordinates and parameters of the aircraft’s movement is carried out by radar means of ground stations, the aircraft’s own means, and space and airborne surveillance devices.

Complicates the system and the need to select in a critical situation the desired scenario of action from a large number of possible options for reconfiguration of on-board systems and on-board equipment, psychological impact on terrorists. In addition, the implementation of any of the scenarios - the difficulty of piloting, the exclusion of the possibility of aimed aiming at the selected object, the creation of psychological discomfort - can lead not to refusal to commit a terrorist attack, but to provoke a terrorist attack in relation to an unplanned target or an emergency situation that in urban conditions is equally fraught with significant human and material losses. In addition, the occurrence of an emergency can cause a combination of coercive factors that impede the piloting of the aircraft, with weather disturbances.

The proposed solution will eliminate the above disadvantages of the above-described analog system and will provide

the implementation of automatic control of flight parameters in real time;

automatic shutdown of the manual control mode of the aircraft and the transition to unmanned flight control at the time of critical deviation of the flight parameters from the set values or triggering of sensors of unauthorized access to aircraft controls;

the implementation of the regime of unmanned flight control and holding the aircraft within the range of permissible values of aeronautical data on the route from the point of critical deviation of the flight parameters from the set values to the point of forced landing;

forced landing of the aircraft in automatic unmanned mode in one of the specially equipped points;

information support of terrorist acts warning systems with data on flight parameters and on-board situation in real time.

As a result, the proposed technical solution will allow

ensure the safety of aircraft and urban facilities when performing authorized routes;

prevent terrorist attacks using small aircraft in relation to critical facilities;

reduce and eliminate the likelihood of human casualties and material losses in the prevention of terrorist attacks using aircraft in the airspace of large cities;

to exclude additional harmful effects on the environment and the population of technical means ensuring the safety of authorized flights and the prevention of terrorist attacks using small aircraft.

The technical result expected from the use of the proposed solution will be achieved by creating a system for monitoring and preventing unauthorized flights of small aircraft in the airspace of large cities and critical facilities.

The system is based on the joint use of existing global satellite navigation systems in differential mode for the implementation of - in the event of an abnormal situation on board - an unmanned flight and forced landing of an aircraft within the range of acceptable values of aeronautical data and is an automated complex for the prevention of terrorist acts in relation to critical objects.

The system for monitoring and preventing unauthorized flights of small aircraft in the airspace of large cities and mission-critical objects includes a set of on-board navigation and information equipment for the aircraft, a complex of ground-based technical equipment, as well as orbital constellations of spacecraft of the existing global satellite navigation systems (in any combination ) that enter the system functionally.

Means of airborne navigation and information equipment include airborne navigation equipment, airborne database of aeronautical data, airborne means for monitoring flight parameters, a processing unit and the issuance of information about controlled flight parameters.

Ground-based technical means include means of forming and updating the on-board database of aeronautical data, means of operational dispatch control of flight parameters and development of control commands, as well as means of communication with the aircraft.

Means of on-board navigation and information equipment additionally include a module for receiving differential corrections and data on the integrity of navigation (differential messages) generated by the local differential subsystem, as well as a manual control blocking system and an unmanned flight and landing control system that are automatically activated at the time of a critical deviation flight parameters from setpoints or triggering sensors of unauthorized access to funds at a systematic way the aircraft.

On-board navigation equipment provides automatic positioning (positioning) of the aircraft in the mode of sharing signals from existing GLONASS / GPS global navigation systems (and then Galileo, Beidou - in any combination), taking into account differential messages to increase the accuracy and reliability of positioning.

Ground-based technical equipment additionally includes means for forming a local differential subsystem of satellite navigation systems (for example, GLONASS / GPS), which form a zone of high-precision positioning based on satellite system signals that completely covers the flight-controlled system.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the structural diagram of the proposed system for monitoring and preventing unauthorized flights of small aircraft in the airspace of large cities and critical facilities.

The system is based on the joint use of existing global satellite navigation systems in differential mode for the implementation of - in the event of an abnormal situation on board - an unmanned flight and forced landing of an aircraft within the range of acceptable values of aeronautical data and is an automated complex for the prevention of terrorist acts in relation to critical objects, including on-board navigation and information equipment 1, ground cop 2 and 3 the space segment.

On-board navigation and information equipment 1 is located on each of the aircraft of small aviation, the use of which is permitted in the controlled space, and includes on-board navigation equipment of the global navigation satellite system 4, a differential messages receiving module 5, an on-board aeronautical data base 6, current monitoring tools 7, information processing and output unit 8, manual control locking system 9, automatic (unmanned) flight control system 10, apparatus Ura Radio 11.

On-board navigation equipment 4 includes an omnidirectional navigation antenna in the upper hemisphere, a combined navigation receiver and a computer, which provides the calculation of the coordinates of the location of the aircraft in the mode of sharing signals from existing GLONASS / GPS satellite systems (and then Galileo, Beidou systems - in any combination), taking into account differential corrections and integrity data of navigation systems coming from the differential message receiving module 5.

The differential message receiving module 5 provides reception from the air and the issuance of 4 differential messages generated by the GLONASS / GPS local differential subsystem (and then the Galileo, Beidou systems in any combination) from the air and to the on-board navigation computer calculator.

The airborne database of aeronautical data 6 includes the coordinates of the boundaries of the zones of controlled space permitted for flight, the coordinates of authorized routes, the coordinates of emergency landing points in a critical situation, and other coordinate information necessary for automation of flight control (flight points, regular and forced landing, etc.), as well as protection against unauthorized changes to stored data.

Means of current control 7 include means for monitoring parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft, means for monitoring parameters of the psychophysical state of crew members, sensors of unauthorized access to controls of the aircraft, etc.

The unit for processing and issuing information 8 includes a database of determinate norms and values of controlled parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft, the psychophysical state of crew members, the state of sensors for monitoring unauthorized access to aircraft controls; hardware and software for comparing current values of monitored parameters with given norms and values and calculating parameters for flight control; indicating and signaling devices for manual control.

The manual control lock system 9 contains means for generating automatic control signals for devices that block (disable) manual actuators.

The automatic unmanned flight control system 10 includes means for generating automatic flight and landing control signals.

Radio communications equipment 11 includes radio communications with a ground control flight control station.

The ground segment 2 of the system includes means for forming a zone of high-precision positioning 12 based on signals from existing satellite navigation systems, means for generating and updating the database of aeronautical data 13, and means for operational dispatch control of flights 14.

Tools 12 include tools that form a local differential subsystem (for example, GLONASS / GPS): hardware and software for generating differential messages (corrections and integrity data) using GLONASS / GPS signals, as well as radio transmitting means that provide delivery of differential messages on board lethal devices and form a zone of high-precision positioning according to the signals of satellite navigation systems, fully covering the flight-controlled space of the system.

Means 13 include means for the formation and updating of the aeronautical data base 6 for on-board information and navigation equipment 1, as well as for the operational dispatch control system for flights 14.

Means 14 include means of radio communication with the aircraft, means for displaying the results of monitoring onboard telemetry, a database of aeronautical data, a database of deterministic norms and values of parameters monitored on board, hardware and software for generating control commands for controlled aircraft.

Space segment 3 includes a grouping of spacecraft of the existing global satellite navigation systems and is included in the proposed system functionally.

The system monitors the aircraft flying in the space of cities, suburban areas and / or critical objects (airspace over nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power stations, chemical enterprises, large transport hubs, etc., in general, under the airspace of critical facilities will be meant airspace over infrastructure facilities, livelihoods, the implementation of threats in respect of which leads to death and tens of thousands and injuries to hundreds of thousands of people, direct and indirect damage to the national economy in the amount of up to several percent of the gross domestic product (from 3 to 5-6%, taking into account secondary damage), pollution of vast territories). When the aircraft is flying in a controlled space located in the coverage area (stable reception of signals) of the GLONASS / GPS 12 local differential subsystem, means 12 receive navigation signals from at least four spacecraft of segment 3, based on which differential messages are generated and broadcast, including differential corrections and integrity data, which are received by module 5 and broadcast to the on-board navigation equipment calculator 4, and the on-board navigation equipment 4 By receiving signals from at least four spacecraft of segment 3 and differential messages from means 12, it provides automatic, real-time, high-precision positioning (determination of location coordinates) of the aircraft. In this case, the differential mode provides high positioning accuracy, and the mode of sharing signals from existing global GLONASS / GPS satellite navigation systems (and then Galileo, Beidou systems) for positioning the object and generating differential messages provides increased reliability (availability, continuity, integrity) and increased accuracy of navigation definitions.

Information on the current coordinates of the aircraft from the on-board navigation equipment 4, as well as on the current parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft, the psychophysical state of the crew members and the state of the sensors of unauthorized access to the aircraft control means from the current monitoring means 7, is continuously transmitted to block 8, hardware and software the means of which provide a comparison of the current values of the monitored parameters with those specified in the airborne database of aeronautical data 6 and in b Using deterministic norms and values, as well as broadcasting the comparison results to indicating and signaling devices for manual control, and to radio communication equipment 11 with a ground control flight control station, where the required information is displayed on control panels, it is used to generate control commands, etc. .

In addition, at the time of critical deviation of the controlled parameters from the set values, for example, the deviation of the current flight coordinates from the coordinates of the authorized route, block 8 automatically provides a command to turn on the manual control lock system 9, turn on the automatic flight control system 10, and also calculate and issue automatic flight control system 10 parameters for control, providing unmanned flight and forced landing of the aircraft within about domain of valid values aeronautical data in a predetermined and specially equipped items.

To control the proposed system and ensure its smooth operation, means 13 and 14 are included, which are included in the ground segment 2. Tools 13 provide the formation and updating of the airborne database of aeronautical data 6 and the database of aeronautical data for operational dispatch control of flights 14. Means 14 of operational dispatch control and development control commands provide operational dispatch control of flight parameters and the development of control commands, which are broadcast by means radio on-board information and navigation equipment 1 and the air traffic control center.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution will allow:

ensure the safety of aircraft and urban facilities when performing authorized routes;

prevent terrorist attacks using small aircraft in relation to critical facilities;

eliminate the likelihood of human casualties and material losses in the prevention of terrorist attacks using aircraft in the airspace of large cities;

to exclude additional harmful effects on the environment and the population of technical means ensuring flight safety and the prevention of terrorist attacks using small aircraft.

Claims (1)

A system for monitoring and preventing unauthorized flights of small aircraft in the airspace of large cities and critical facilities, including a set of on-board navigation and information equipment and on-board technical equipment located on board the aircraft; means of on-board navigation and information equipment include on-board navigation equipment of the global navigation satellite system, on-board database of aeronautical data, on-board means for monitoring the parameters of the technical condition of the aircraft, the psychophysical state of crew members and unauthorized access to the aircraft’s controls; a unit for comparing current coordinates and values of other controlled parameters with predetermined norms and issuing information for monitoring flight parameters; ground-based technical means include means for forming a zone of high-precision positioning of an aircraft, means for forming an on-board database of aeronautical data, means for operational dispatch control of flight parameters and generating control commands, characterized in that the means for on-board navigation and information equipment additionally include an automatic unmanned flight and emergency landing control system with keeping the aircraft within the limits allowed for years of the zone in the case of a critical deviation of the controlled flight parameters from the set values, and the on-board navigation equipment performs high-precision positioning of the aircraft in a mode of sharing signals from existing global navigation satellite systems, for example GLONASS and GPS, taking into account the signals of differential messages, while the means of forming a high-precision zone aircraft positioning form a local differential subsystem of existing global avigatsionnyh satellite systems, such as local differential subsystem of GLONASS and GPS.