RU23389U1 - INSTALLATION FOR VOLUME EXTINGUISHING OF BURNING OIL INSIDE A FURNACE FOR ITS HEATING - Google Patents

Description

The utility model relates to fire fighting equipment and can be used to extinguish burning oil inside a furnace to heat it.

Crude oil is heated to a temperature of 200-250 ° C in heating furnaces before being launched into a distillation distillation column (Technological Regulations and Operating Instructions PB-20.00.00.000.TO).

By design, this type of furnace is a narrow-chamber furnace with an upper flue gas outlet, a central horizontal screen and radiating walls from flameless panel burners. Oil enters the upper pipes of the heat exchanger of the convection chamber, and leaving the lower pipes of this chamber, it enters the radiation chamber. Fuel gas enters the panel burners, assembled in two walls, located opposite each other, which provides two-sided irradiation of the heat exchanger.

Under operating conditions, leaked oil may leak inside the furnace due to burnout and the formation of cracks or fistulas on the surface of the heat exchanger tubes. The most dangerous accident may be the complete depressurization of the heat exchanger tubes, as a result of which a significant amount of oil can enter the interior of the furnace. The danger of explosion, clap and depressurization of the pipeline and oil spill is associated with the presence of inside the furnace heated above the auto-ignition temperature of oil vapor surface of the pipes of the heat exchanger and 230-235 ° C. (Handbook, Fire hazard of substances and materials, Chemistry, v.1.2, M .,

1991).

The closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved result, selected as a prototype, is a unit for extinguishing burning oil inside the furnace for steam heating, including a boiler or heating station, steam pipelines (direct and return) and shutoff valves. (Instructions on the design of steam protection for process furnaces at oil refining and petrochemical enterprises, approved by the Ministry of Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry and agreed with the State Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1976).

A disadvantage of the known installation is the lack of efficiency and the high cost of fire extinguishing, because during the non-heating season, for the needs of fire fighting, you have to keep the boiler room in operation.

. The task, solved by the proposed utility model, is the creation of an effective, economical installation for extinguishing oil burning inside the furnace.

The technical result from the use of the utility model is to reduce the risk of explosion during an emergency oil spill inside the furnace for heating it, increase the reliability of fire fighting and reduce its cost.

This result is achieved by the fact that the installation for volumetric extinguishing of burning oil inside the furnace for heating it, containing a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to a furnace for heating oil, is equipped with refrigeration units connected to a tank in which heating elements are connected to the control cabinet containing a weighing terminal and connected through a locking-starting device to the reservoir and to sprayers installed in the furnace for heating oil, wherein the control cabinet It is also connected to the control panel by a security and fire start-up trigger connected to the dispatcher control panel and the remote start remote control, in chimneys

devices for blocking pipes are installed in the furnace for heating oil, containing pneumatic valves, connected via pulse pipelines to a starting gas cylinder, connected to the control panel by a security and fire start-up trigger, connected in turn to directional switches included in the pipe blocking device, and a manual fire detector installed in a safe area near the oil heating furnace.

Liquid carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless liquid, non-toxic, non-explosive. When released from the storage tank, it turns into gas and snow with a temperature of -78.5 ° C

The proposed installation is depicted in FIG.

A volumetric extinguishing apparatus for burning oil inside a furnace for heating it contains an isothermal tank 1 for liquid carbon dioxide with heating elements 2 installed in it, one of which is reserve, connected to the control cabinet 3. Two refrigeration units 4 are connected to the tank 1, one of which spare. The control cabinet 3 is connected to the tank 1 through a locking and starting device 5, which is connected by main pipelines to the sprayers 6 installed in the oil heating furnace 7. The control cabinet 3 is connected to the remote control 8 by a security and fire start-up control panel installed in a heated container 9 and connected to the dispatcher's control panel 10 and to the remote control remote control 11. In the furnace 7 for heating oil in chimneys 12, devices 13 for blocking pipes are installed, containing pneumatic valves 14 connected via pulse pipelines 15 to a starting gas cylinder 16, which is connected to a control panel 8 by a security and fire-start-up trigger. The remote control 8 is also connected to the limit switches 17, and with a manual detector 18 installed in a safe area near the oil heating furnace.

3 Installation works as follows. The furnace operator determines the ignition.

oil in the heating furnace visually by the appearance of black smoke from the chimneys 12. By means of a manual detector 18, through the control panel 8, the fire alarm control panel sends a fire signal to the control panel 10 to the dispatcher, who decides to extinguish the fire. First, he turns off the supply of oil and gas to the furnace for heating oil. The signal from the remote control 10 of the dispatcher enters through the remote control 8 fire and security launch to the starting gas cylinder 16. The working gas in the cylinder 16 is nitrogen, which is under a pressure of 8.0 MPa. Nitrogen through impulse tubes enters the pneumatic valves 14, which actuate the device 13 for blocking the pipes. After the chimneys overlap, the signal from the start switch 17 is fed to the remote control 8, which generates a signal to start the fire extinguishing system through the control cabinet 3. A start signal lasting 10 seconds. issued with a delayed start in time from 10 to 99 seconds. From the control cabinet 3, a signal is generated to the locking-starting device 5, which allows liquid carbon dioxide from the tank 1 to be accessed through the main and distribution pipelines to the atomizers 6, and then to the furnace 7 to heat the oil to extinguish the fire.

A weighing terminal (not shown in FIG.) Installed in the control cabinet 3 controls the weight of the liquid carbon dioxide discharged and, when it is determined in a sufficient amount to stop burning, its flow is stopped by a signal from the control cabinet 3 to the locking and starting device 5. After 10-15 minutes of exposure, the signal from the control cabinet 3 is again fed to the shut-off device 5 and from the tank 1 a second portion of liquid carbon dioxide is fed through the main and distribution pipelines to the atomizers 6 and further in an oven 7 for heating oil. The amount of incoming liquid carbon dioxide is regulated by the weight terminal in the control cabinet 3, and with its amount equal to

4 the amount of the first portion of liquid carbon dioxide released, sufficient to

lowering the temperature in the furnace 7 for heating oil below the flash point of oil (86 C), its supply is stopped by a signal from the control cabinet 3 to the locking and starting device 5.

The system of trunk and distribution pipelines is made of cold-deformed seamless steel pipes in accordance with GOST 8734-75.

The isothermal tank for liquid carbon dioxide is a horizontal double-walled cylindrical apparatus consisting of an internal vessel, thermal insulation and a casing. The vessel, inside which there is liquid carbon dioxide, is made of austenitic stainless steel grade 12X18H10T and has the following nozzles (see Fig.):

-leave -for the issuance of liquid carbon dioxide from the tank through the locking-starting device;

- liquid - for filling the tank with liquid carbon dioxide;

-gas - to equalize the pressure in the tank and the transport tank when filling the tank with liquid carbon dioxide and depressurizing the tank;

- a pipe for installing a rod with an electric heater, safety valves, measuring pipelines;

-pipes for connecting refrigeration units to the tank.

The nozzles are made of stainless steel grade 12X18H10T. The space between the casing and the vessel, called the heat-insulating cavity, is evacuated and filled with perlite. To maintain the temperature of liquid carbon dioxide at an ambient temperature below minus 20 ° C, two heaters are installed in the inner vessel, one of which is a backup. The electric heater is a heating section CHO-1, mounted on a pipe. Power is supplied through an electrical connector mounted in the pipe flange.

5 The locking-starting device consists of series-connected between

a flexible metal hose, a ball valve with a manual drive, a ball valve with an electric pneumatic actuator, a cylinder with a capacity of 40 l with a shut-off device for an electric contact pressure gauge, a local start-up device and a support stand. The locking trigger device is mounted on a support stand, not rigidly connected to the tank. The metal hose is designed to minimize the error of the weighing terminal when moving the tank relative to the locking and starting device stationary on the support post caused by ambient temperature, when filling or leaving liquid carbon dioxide from the tank.

Spherical cranes are intended for storage and release of liquid carbon dioxide by means of electro-pneumatic and manual start-up. During operation of the module, the hand-operated ball valve is in the open position and closes the pipeline only during routine maintenance. The ball valve with electric actuator is in the closed position and opens only when it is necessary to supply liquid carbon dioxide to the furnace for heating oil.

To open and close the ball valve with electric pneumatic actuator from an electric or mechanical impulse, there is a cylinder with a capacity of 40 l, which stores nitrogen under pressure from 5.0 to 8.0 MPa. Two refrigeration units, one of which is reserve, with the necessary equipment is designed to maintain pressure in the tank with liquid carbon dioxide. In the event of a failure of the main refrigeration unit, a standby unit is switched on.

The control cabinet is a wall-mounted frame construction with a front door. Inside the cabinet there is switching and protective equipment, on the door there is a weight terminal TV-003/05 D, light indicators and switches for controlling the operation of refrigeration units and electric heaters.

6

As distributors can be used, for example, type RU-A-80, a control panel for a security and fire start-up launcher, a control panel for a remote control, a remote start-up set of devices “Poca-2SL.

A device for blocking pipes can be performed, for example, with a shield shutter with electric air start, a manual fire detector-IPR-ZS.

The equipment is placed in an insulated container, for example, metal.

For the successful practical application of the proposed installation, it is necessary to have a reserve stock in the tank isothermal for liquid carbon dioxide in an amount equal to the number of two portions released during fire fighting, and also to maintain its pressure in the tank at least 10 bar, since at a pressure of 4.2 bar carbon dioxide from the liquid phase passes into the solid.

The consumption rate of liquid carbon dioxide according to NPB 22-96, Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, Design Standards and Rules, M., State Central Statistical Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1977, taking into account the presence of various hydrocarbons in oil, including fractions corresponding to gasoline, kerosene and others is 0.7 kg / m. In addition, the coefficients are taken into account (leakage, losses due to leakage of the furnace), equal to 10% of the value of the fire extinguishing concentration. The release time into the protected volume of liquid carbon dioxide is 60 seconds for a single serving. The exposure time (1015 minutes) after starting up the first portion of liquid carbon dioxide is determined by the leakage of the building envelope of the furnace.

The installation can be used to extinguish a fire in several furnaces for heating oil. In this case, the installation is supplemented by distribution devices according to the number of furnaces installed between the oil heating furnaces and the locking and starting devices. oil by increasing the retention time of the explosion-proof concentration of liquid

carbon dioxide, to increase the reliability of fire extinguishing, since the filling with a fire extinguishing agent occurs more evenly, and reduce operating costs and fuel and energy resources by eliminating the use of steam.

8

Utility Model Formula

Installation for volumetric extinguishing of burning oil inside the furnace for heating it, containing a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to a furnace for heating oil, DIFFERENT in that it is equipped with refrigeration units connected to a tank in which heating elements are connected to the control cabinet, comprising a weighing terminal and connected through a locking-starting device to a reservoir and to sprayers installed in an oil heating furnace, the control cabinet being also connected with a control panel for a fire alarm start-up connected to a dispatcher panel and a remote start panel, chimneys for an oil heating furnace are equipped with pipe shutoff devices containing pneumatic valves connected through pulse pipelines to a gas trigger cylinder connected to a control panel security and fire launchers, which in turn is connected to the limit switches included in the device for blocking pipes, and with a manual fire detector installed in a safe zone about the oil heating furnace.

Claims (1)

A volumetric extinguishing apparatus for burning oil inside a furnace for heating it, comprising a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, connected by pipelines to an oil heating furnace, characterized in that it is equipped with refrigeration units connected to a tank in which heating elements are connected to the control cabinet, comprising a weight terminal and connected via a locking-starting device to a reservoir and to sprayers installed in an oil heating furnace, the control cabinet being also connected with a control panel for a fire alarm start-up connected to a dispatcher panel and a remote start panel, chimneys for an oil heating furnace are equipped with devices for blocking pipes containing pneumatic valves connected via pulse pipelines to a gas trigger cylinder connected to a control panel security and fire launchers, which in turn is connected to the limit switches included in the device for blocking pipes, and with a manual fire detector installed in a safe zone about the oil heating furnace.