RU2338447C1 - Suit for working in weghtlessness - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal effects and household articles.

SUBSTANCE: suit for working in weightlessness is made from knitted fabric linen and contains details from non-stretchable and stretchable knitted fabric. Details from non-stretchable knitted fabric are made from simultaneously knitted into loops natural silk twisted fibres and from physically modified cotton-like polyamide twisted fibres, and details from stretchable knitted fabric - from simultaneously knitted into loops polyurethanic fibres, natural silk twisted fibres and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted fibres, composed of elementary profiled fibres, having stretch indices of modification of transverse section geometric form within the limits: filing degree 0.3±10%, deformation degree 2.7±10%, branching degree 54±10%, irregularity degree 1.2±10%.

EFFECT: improvement of operational and protective properties of suit for working in weightlessness.

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Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment in zero gravity, in particular during prolonged work in space.

Known suit for work in zero gravity, made of a knitted fabric containing parts made of inextensible knitwear, consisting of threads of ordinary extensibility, and parts that provide a load on the musculoskeletal system of a person, made of stretchable knitwear, consisting of elastic polyurethane threads and threads usual extensibility, simultaneously knitted in loops (patent RU No. 2060913, class B64G 6/00, АВВ 17/00, publ. 05/27/96, bull. No. 15), adopted as the closest analogue.

This suit, due to the use of elastic and highly elastic polyurethane threads, provides a certain load on the musculoskeletal system of a person, however, the details of the costume, containing threads of ordinary extensibility, are an additional source of dust in the form of small particles of fibers that pollute the atmosphere of the ship or station and cause skin irritation , mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a suit for work in zero gravity under normal conditions of long flight, convenient and comfortable to wear, lightweight, durable, wear-resistant, resilient, flexible, flexible, form-resistant, reliably protecting the astronaut’s body from mechanical damage while in the ship’s cabin or station and not an additional source of dust polluting the atmosphere of the cabin.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the suit for work in zero gravity, made of knitted fabric, contains parts made of inextensible knitwear, consisting of ordinary tensile threads, and parts that provide a load on the musculoskeletal system of a person, made of stretchable knitwear, consisting of polyurethane and ordinary tensile yarns, simultaneously knitted in loops, while the details of the suit in the elbows, hips and knees are made of tensile knitwear containing natural woven twisted yarns and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns as ordinary stretch yarns and polyurethane yarns, and parts made of inextensible knitwear are made of natural silk twisted yarns and physically modified cotton-like polyamide multiformed twisted yarns, while knitting physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns consist of elementary profiled yarns having bezelless zmernye indicators modifying the cross-sectional geometrical shape within: the degree of filling of 10 ± 0.3%, ± 2.7 degree of deformation of 10%, the degree of branching of 54 ± 10%, ± 1.2 degree of irregularity of 10%.

The choice of the indicated values and the limits of variation of the dimensionless geometric modification of the cross section of elementary profiled yarns in physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex yarns is the result of numerous experiments conducted by the authors, and was made with the aim of maximizing the physical properties (hygroscopicity, water absorption, moisture conduction, electrification, coefficient thermal conductivity) of these threads to the physical properties of cotton and cotton zhnoy yarn.

The physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns used in this invention, consisting of elementary profiled yarns with the indicated dimensionless indicators of geometric cross-section modification, have hygroscopicity in the range of 7.3-7.8%, water absorption 54-63%, moisture permeability (capillarity) 43-52 mm electrified (1.4-1.6) x 10 ^-9 C / m, the thermal conductivity 0,043-0,045 W / (m · K) and a plurality of these basic physical properties that determine hygiene made of either materials and products, substantially similar to cotton and a cotton yarn having a hygroscopicity in the range of 7-9%, 52-67% water absorption, hydraulic conductivity (capillarity) 41-58 mm electrified (0.8-1.3) x 10 ^-9 Cl / m, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.048-0.050 W / (m · K), and these physical properties are superior to ordinary, not physically modified, polyamide (kapron) complex twisted filaments having hygroscopicity in the range of 3.5-4.6%, water absorption 39-44%, hydraulic conductivity (capillarity) 26-33 mm electrified (2,2-3,3) x 10 ^-9 C / m, the coefficient teplopr conductivity 0,047-0,049 W / (m · K).

The experiments showed that reducing the lower limits of the dimensionless parameters listed above and increasing the upper limits leads to a deterioration of the listed physical properties and does not contribute to the solution of the technical problem.

Mechanical properties (breaking load, tensile elongation, relative strength, tensile work, elasticity, elasticity, tensile strength under repeated stretching, endurance under repeated double bends) and wear resistance (abrasion resistance) of physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns, like all polyamide yarns , significantly higher than the mechanical properties and wear resistance of cotton yarn.

The use of natural silk twisted yarns for the manufacture of costume details is justified by their high hygroscopicity, water absorption, moisture conductivity, low heat conductivity and electrified, bactericidal, lightweight, compact, good strength and wear resistance.

The use of physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns for the manufacture of costume parts is justified by their increased hygroscopicity, water absorption and moisture conductivity, low heat conductivity and electrification, high strength, wear resistance, increased elasticity and elasticity.

The use of elastic and highly elastic polyurethane threads in the details of the suit in the elbows, hips and knees, made of tensile knitwear, is justified by their very high elastic recovery during repeated stretching.

The performance of costume parts in the elbows, hips and knees of polyurethane threads, natural silk twisted threads and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted threads, simultaneously knitted in loops, is justified by the need to significantly increase the strength, wear resistance, reliability and durability of these costume parts exposed in the process socks to the most intense multiple mechanical stresses - stretching, compression, bending, abrasion.

The suit for work in zero gravity, made from these threads, due to the favorable combination of their positive properties has good hygienic properties and provides convenience and comfort when working in zero gravity under normal conditions of long flight, the suit is light, elastic, flexible, highly elastic, durable, wear-resistant, has the same high durability of all parts and reliably protects the astronaut’s body from mechanical damage while in the ship’s cabin or station, has a pleasant appearance, neck and carcass, and was not It is an additional source of dust in the form of small particles of fibers that pollute the atmosphere of the cabin and irritate the skin, mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract.

This suit can be used as a flight suit for everyday wear under normal conditions of long flight at an air temperature in the cabin of the ship or station not lower than 18 ° С.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. A suit for work in zero gravity is made by a known knitting method and contains parts made of inextensible knitwear consisting of natural silk twisted yarns of linear density 2.33 tex × 3 × 2 (twisted 2.33 tex × 3 - right 1000 kr / m, twist yarn 2.33 tex × 3 × 2 - left 700 kr / m) and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarn of linear density 10 tex × 3 with a twist of 500 kr / m, and details made of tensile knitwear, consisting of simultaneously about 15.6 tex linear-density polyurethane yarn knitted into loops, natural twisted silk linear-density threads 2.33 tex × 3 × 2 (twist of 2.33 tex × 3 threads - right 1000 cro./m, twist of 2.33 tex threads × 3 × 2 - left 700 cr./m) and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns of linear density 10 tex × 3 with a twist of 500 cr./m. Moreover, each of the three constituent threads with a linear density of 10 tex consists of 24 elementary profiled threads with a linear density of 0.417 tex, having a degree of filling of 0.3, a degree of deformation of 2.7, a degree of branching 54, a degree of ruggedness of 1.2.

Example 2. A suit for work in zero gravity is similar to example 1 with the exception of dimensionless indicators of modification of the geometric shape of the cross section of elementary profiled threads having a degree of filling of 0.33, a degree of deformation of 2.43, a degree of branching 48.6, a degree of indentation of 1.08.

Example 3. A suit for work in zero gravity is similar to example 1 with the exception of dimensionless indicators of modification of the geometric shape of the cross section of elementary profiled threads having a degree of filling of 0.27, a degree of deformation of 2.97, a degree of branching 59.4, a degree of indentation 1.32.

Claims (1)

A weightless work suit made of knitted fabric and containing parts made of inextensible knitwear consisting of ordinary tensile threads and parts providing a load on the human musculoskeletal system made of stretchable knitwear consisting of polyurethane and normal tensile threads , simultaneously knitted in loops, characterized in that the details of the costume in the elbows, hips and knees are made of tensile knitwear containing natural silk twisted threads and physically modified cotton-like polyamide multifilament twisted yarns as ordinary tensile threads, and polyurethane yarns, and parts made of inextensible knitwear are made of natural silk twisted yarns and physically modified cotton-like polyamide complex twisted yarns, simultaneously knitted into physically modified cotton-like loops, polyamide complex twisted yarns consist of elementary profiled yarns having dimensionless modi The geometric shapes of the cross-section are within the following limits: degree of filling 0.3 ± 10%, degree of deformation 2.7 ± 10%, degree of branching 54 ± 10%, degree of indentation 1.2 ± 10%.