RU2338362C1 - Method of organic fertilisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves unloading fertilisers into clamps, specifying explosive charge required, planting explosive charges into clamps, initiating explosion and ploughing soil. Explosive gas mixture is used as an explosive charge and fertilisers are unloaded into a pallet with a flat bottom and sloping sides. Prior to unloading a closed case is laid onto the pallet bottom, the case is fitted with a hose, made from elastic material and filled with explosion initiating means, after unloading of fertilisers the case is filled with the specified volume of explosive gas mixture.

EFFECT: method allows improving uniformity of fertilisation and eliminating soil damage caused by explosion.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting and can be used in agriculture when organic fertilizers are applied to the soil in the form of sticky viscoplastic mixtures, such as, for example, sugar production waste, fresh (not burnt out) animal manure, etc.

There is a known method of introducing organic fertilizers into the soil in the form of a sticky mixture, including unloading fertilizers into the shoulders with their dispersal across the field, installing cartridges of explosive charges in the shoulders, carrying out an explosion and plowing the soil (L.M. Geyman. Explosion: history, practice, perspective M.: Nauka, 1978, 183 p.).

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency, since the use of point-wound cartridge charges does not allow uniformly spreading the sticky viscoplastic mixture, since part of it along the contour of the shoulder remains practically in place, and funnels form in the soil at the places of direct location of explosive charges, which complicates its subsequent plowing.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of the method of applying organic fertilizers to the soil using the force of the explosion of the gas mixture.

To achieve the specified technical result in the known method of applying organic fertilizers to the soil, including unloading fertilizers into the shoulders, determining the required explosive charge, installing explosive charges in the shoulders, initiating an explosion, plowing the soil, it is proposed to use explosive gas mixture as an explosive charge and unload the fertilizer into a pallet made with a flat bottom and flat sides, in addition, before unloading, lay a closed shell on the bottom of the pallet chku equipped with a hose and formed of an elastic material, wherein the posting means explosion initiation. After unloading the fertilizer, the shell cavity is filled with an explosive mixture of gases in the calculated volume through the hose.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method of applying organic fertilizers to the soil according to the invention from the closest analogue is the uniform distribution of the explosive charge under the base of the shoulder, as well as the transfer of pressure to the soil through a rigid pallet, which increases the efficiency of the blast wave, ensures uniform dispersion of organic fertilizers and completely eliminates soil damage.

The proposed method of applying organic fertilizers is illustrated by graphic material, which shows a vertical section along the longitudinal axis of the pile laid in a pallet.

The following notation is adopted in the drawing: 1 - pallet eyes; 2 - shoulder; 3 - closed shell; 4 - the cavity where the explosive devices are located (not shown); 5 - a hose; 6 - bottom of the pallet; 7 - the surface of the soil layer; 8 - soil; 9 - side of the pallet.

The method is implemented as follows.

The collar parameters (shape and area of the base, average height, volume) are preliminarily determined for the mechanized means of a certain carrying capacity used in the transportation of fertilizer. Based on the data obtained, a pallet with a flat bottom of an oval or round shape and gently sloping (25-30 ° to the horizon) sides is designed and manufactured, the inclined length of which is 0.6-0.7 of the average height of the shoulder. On the basis of data on the pile weight, fertilizer application rate, the area and the required spread radius are calculated, a grid for installing pallets on the field is built, and the known amount of the accepted type of explosive gas mixture and the proportions of its components are determined by known methods. As components of an explosive gas mixture, oxygen and one of the hydrocarbons (methane, propane, butane, etc.) are used. According to the shape and dimensions of the inner side of the flat day of the pallet, the required number of closed shells is made of elastic material (for example, reinforced polyethylene) with a supply hose and placement of one of the explosion initiation means in the shell cavity (open glow plug for low voltage currents, spark breakdown electrodes for currents high voltage or electric detonator) with the output of the wires to the outside of the shell.

To a given point in the grid, a pallet consisting of a bottom 6 and reinforced flanges 9 with lugs 1 is transported by a vehicle used for transporting fertilizer. On the surface 7 of soil layer 8, a pallet is installed, an elastic closed shell 3 is placed in it, in the cavity 4 of which an explosive device is placed (not shown in the drawing). After the fertilizer is unloaded from the vehicle, a collar 2 is formed in the pallet, then the cavity 4 of the shell 3 is filled through a reducer 5 through a reducer and a gas meter (not shown) with combustible gas and oxygen in the required volumes and in the optimal ratio of cylinders installed on the vehicle. Next, the hose 5 is closed, an electric circuit is assembled with an explosive, and an explosion is carried out from a safe distance. Blast from one pallet or from several pallets at the same time. After spreading fertilizers throughout the field, plowing is carried out. Due to the presence of rigid support on the soil side, the propellant effect of the explosion increases, soil damage is eliminated and uniform dispersion of viscoplastic consistency organic fertilizers is ensured.

An example implementation of the method. For a five-ton dump truck, the parameters of the organic fertilizer load from sugar wastes were determined with a specific gravity of 1.5 t / m ³ volume - 3.3 m ³ , base area ≈ 4.0 m ² with ellipse axes 2.5 m and 2.0 m , average height ≈0.8 m. The pallet was made of ST-45 sheet steel with a thickness of 5 mm with an oval bottom with axes of 3.0 m and 2.2 m (the shells were made of reinforced polyethylene with the same parameters) and sloping sides 0 , 6 m (dimensions taking into account the volume of gas), reinforcing them with stiffeners. With a fertilizer application rate of 5.5 kg / m ^2, the spread area will be 5000: 5.5 = 909 m ² . The distance between the scatter points will be √909≈30 m (a square grid with a side of 30 m), the spread radius is 15 m. A mixture of methane and oxygen was used as an explosive. For 5000 kg of fertilizers with an expansion radius of 15 m, the weight of the explosive mixture was 2.3 kg. For complete combustion (oxidation) of 1 methane molecule, 2 oxygen molecules are required (CH ₄ + 2O ₂ = СО ₂ + 2Н ₂ О). The oxygen density is 32 / 22.4≈1.43 kg / m ³ , methane is 16 / 22.4≈0.71 kg / m ³ (ρ = M / V ₀ , ρ is the gas density, kg / m ³ , M is the molecular weight, kg / mol, V ₀ is the volume of one kilogram molecule, m ³ / kmol). The density of the gas mixture ρ _cm = ∑ω _i ρ _i (where ω _i is the relative volume of the components of the gas mixture, oxygen is 0.67, methane is 0.33). ρ _cm = 0.67 · 1.43 + 0.33 · 0.71≈1.18 kg / m ³ . The volume of the mixture will be 2.3 / 1.18 = 1.95 m ³ , of which 1.30 m ³ is oxygen and 0.65 m ³ is methane under normal conditions.

The pallet was transported by a dump truck to each point, a shell was laid on its bottom, fertilizer was unloaded, the shell cavity was filled with methane and oxygen from cylinders through a reducer and a gas volume counter attached to the hose, after filling with gas components in the above volumes, the hose was pinched, the reducer and counter gas were disconnected and an explosion occurred. Then the cycle was repeated at a new point and after spreading fertilizers throughout the field, it was plowed.

Thanks to the introduction of organic fertilizers according to the method described above using a gas mixture as an explosive using a rigid pallet, their uniform distribution is ensured and soil damage by funnels from an explosion is excluded.

Claims (1)

The method of applying organic fertilizers to the soil, including unloading fertilizer into the shoulders, determining the required explosive charge, installing explosive charges into the shoulders, initiating an explosion, plowing the soil, characterized in that an explosive gas mixture is used as a charge of explosives, and the fertilizer is unloaded in a pallet made with a flat bottom and gently sloping sides, in addition, before unloading, a closed shell equipped with a hose and made of elastic material is laid on the bottom of the pallet iala, wherein the means arranged blasting initiation and after unloading fertilizer shell cavity through a hose filled with an explosive mixture of gases in the calculated amount.