RU2338089C2 - Volkov-system method and device for generating power by "sail entrapment" method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in that the turbine impellers are driven by wind flow entrapped by their surfaces and that reflected from the central unit and annular spinner. Note here that the guide vanes pre-spin the air flow for the impellers. The aforesaid annular spinner inner shape represents a widening nozzle, its front being furnished with the sail to entrap wind flows reflected from the landform and to form with the said sail the Laval nozzle inner section. The impellers and guide vanes are arranged right behind the nearest annular spinner section. The proposed device incorporates the turbine impellers and guide vanes driving the generator, the central unit arranged within the section of the guide vanes, the annular spinner representing the widening nozzle, its front being furnished with the sail to entrap wind flows reflected from the landform and to form with the said sail the Laval nozzle inner section. The sail lower part making an inner profile represents a flat surface, the impellers and guide vanes can be arranged in several rows to make a multi-stage turbine and the multi-stage generator is arranged below the sail and ahead of the impellers, the generators being fitted on the turbine shaft and coupled to the turbine by clutches as the wind power increases. The Laval nozzle critical section inlet features a variable shape due to a membrane or the central unit.

EFFECT: power generation in remote and hard-to-reach regions.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of wind energy and can be used to deploy wind farms in almost any, even remote and inaccessible places. In addition, the present invention, using a sail device as a capture of the wind flow, allows its surface to be made of semiconductor material, thereby this surface can collect additional solar energy, increasing the energy efficiency of the wind power station.

The closest technical solution is a method of producing wind energy through the use of paddle wind turbines [1].

As the closest analogue of the method, a method of wind power modules [1] is proposed, which has an increased efficiency due to the placement of a wind wheel in an annular cowl mounted on a central body using profiled blades. The blades (or guide vanes) are designed to create a preliminary twist of the wind flow on the approach to the wind wheel. Thus, the twist at the exit from it and the associated power losses, which reach 10% in conventional wind turbines, are eliminated. An annular cowl significantly reduces the noise of a working wind wheel. At the entrance, it is covered with a net providing 100% protection for birds.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use and expand technical capabilities due to a sharp increase in the area of capture of the wind flow, including the capture of wind reflected from the planes of the terrain. Another objective of the invention is a sharp reduction in the cost of equipment, cost reduction during its installation and operation, as well as an improvement in its regulation mode due to coaxial stepwise placement in the space of guide vanes of working screws and generators, i.e. due to the use of a multi-stage turbine and a multi-stage generator in the device. The captured wind stream at its entry into and exit from the turbine passes through a nozzle with a Laval profile, which allows more complete use of wind energy. The combination of several functions in the construction of the sail, such as collecting the wind flow, collecting heat and light energy, makes it possible to especially sharply increase the efficiency of this installation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the known method of energy production by the method of "sail" capture is that the rotation of the turbine blades is carried out due to the wind flow trapped by their surface, as well as due to wind reflected from the central body and the annular fairing, while the guide vanes create a preliminary twist for the working vanes, characterized in that the annular cowl is made with an internal shape in the form of an expanding nozzle and in its front part is provided with capture of wind flows from the terrain by sail, forming with the latter an internal profile of the Laval nozzle, while the working and guide vanes are located after the narrowest section of the annular fairing. The sail can be made of solar and thermal batteries. A device for generating energy by the method of "sail" capture, containing guiding and working blades of the turbine rotating the generator, a central body installed in the cross section of the working blades, and an annular cowl, characterized in that the annular cowl is made with an internal shape in the form of an expanding nozzle and in the front its part is equipped with a sail, forming the internal profile of the Laval nozzle with the latter, while the lower part of the sail, forming the internal profile, is made flat, the working and guide vanes may have there are only a few rows, representing a multi-stage turbine, and the generator is set sail in front of the rotor blades and can be multi-stage, while the generators are located on the same axis as the turbine, connecting to it due to clutches as the wind flow increases, while the entrance to the critical part of the Laval nozzle has a variable geometry due to the diaphragm or central body.

The proposed method implements the installation shown in figure 1; 2; 3; four.

The installation includes an impeller with vanes 1 mounted on the central body 3, guide vanes 10 are installed in front of the vanes. For more complete use of the wind flow, the turbine, consisting of a number of working and vanes, can contain several stages, i.e. several rows of workers 1 and guide vanes 10. An annular cowl 2 covers all stages of the turbine and has an internal section in the form of an expanding cone or in the form of a nozzle.

To increase the area of the rotor blades and reduce the resistance to wind flow, the electromagnetic generator 5 can be brought to the front of the base of the sail 7, the upper part of which is also made in the form of a nozzle, and the generator is connected to the main axis 6. In order to maintain certain rotational speeds of the turbine, having the highest efficiency, in the installation you can use several generators at once, interconnected by clutches 13. As the force of the wind flow increases due to clutches, to the turbine This turns an increasing number of generators.

As you know, a certain type of generator at a certain number of revolutions per minute produces the greatest amount of energy. Using the design features of a sailing wind turbine, generators 5 can be located on its lower part, capable of independently connecting to the turbine due to clutch 13. The scheme of their inclusion in the rotational motion can be as follows.

When the wind flow is increased, which increases the rotation power of one generator by 25%, another generator that consumes exactly this power is automatically connected to this generator, due to which the two stages of the generators will have the same rotation speed as before the increase in wind speed. If we assume that the main generator generated 1 kW, the total power would be 1.25 kW. Further, if the power of the wind flow increased by another 25%, then a third generator, already having a power of 0.5 kW, is connected to the original generator, while the generator with a power of 0.25 kW is turned off. The total total power will be 1.5 kW. With a further increase of 25% in wind power, all three generators are connected and generate 1.75 kW. If we continue the chain of generators for which a step change in wind power is 25%, then the next generator connected to this chain will have a power of 2 kW. Moreover, all four generator stages will change their power from 0.25 to 3.75 kW with a resolution of 0.25 kW, for this circuit the next stage will have a power of 4 kW. In this case, the power range will vary from 0.25 to 7.75 kW. In this range, the smoothness of the adjustment will be 3.2%. Increasing in ascending order the two following generator stages, the latter will have a power of 8 kW and 16 kW. In this composition, the seven-stage generator will have a maximum power of 31.75 kW, where the smoothness of adjustment in the range from 0.25 to 31.75 kW will be 0.8%. The lower horizontal part of the sail design is called deck 32 and allows you to place the connected generator steps in such a way that the least powerful one comes as close to the turbine as possible and the most powerful one is further away from it in order to reduce resistance to wind flow and so that the clutches and connecting axles more powerful generators, which, according to probability theory, will be less involved in the work, were turned off with a reduced wind flow.

The general section of the sail and the annular fairing is made in the form of a Laval-type nozzle, in the critical part of which a diaphragm 14 or a central body of a special shape can be installed, supplying or removing which, they change the flow rate of air entering the turbine, which due to a decrease or increase in its internal changes the cross-sectional area of the critical part of the nozzle, thereby affecting the setting of a certain wind flow velocity, which allows very smoothly holding the necessary speed of rotation of the turbine. The variable diagram is mainly used in the installation to increase the speed of the wind flow when the wind speed is low. In normal and strong winds, the diaphragm 14 is pressed against the walls of the sail 7 and the annular cowl 2, and the central body is removed at a great distance, while the clutch 13 is responsible for a more coarse adjustment of the speeds. turbines, thereby not using gearboxes, on which power is lost up to 10% or more. The whole structure can be installed on the axis of rotation 4, while depending on the requirements for the structure, the axis can be placed both in its center and in front of the sail. To rotate the installation under the wind flow in the tail of the sail 7 under the annular fairing mounted support wheel 42, ski or skate (depending on the place of application). If the structure has a very large weight, then a special wheel 43 (such as a carriage wheel) is supported on a rail 12 located around an axis, while the angular front parts of the sail can also have supporting wheels located on this rail. In order for the structure to constantly turn towards the wind, it can have a keel 15 in the rear part. The wind stream reflected from the lower plane of the surface on which the unit is mounted is captured by the wind skirt 16, and the reflected part of the stream directed upward is captured by the upper reflector 8.

General distinctive features of the proposed sailing wind power installation (Fig. 1) under the name "steppe windmill", installed on a flat plane, namely in a field, steppe, lake (on ice or in water), a flat roof, etc., is the fact that in horizontal section it has an internal sail profile in the form of a Laval nozzle, and in a vertical section the internal sail profile in the form of a nozzle has only the upper part, the lower part is made in the form of a straight line and forms a plane parallel to the plane of the anovki.

To increase the power of a wind power installation of a sailing type, it is advisable to use the existing terrain in the form of a hill, a side slope, a cliff, a building, a river bed, etc., from which the wind flow is reflected and sent to the sail.

If we consider the features of a "mountain" type wind turbine (wind turbine), which is located on a hill such as a hill, building, rock, etc. (figure 2), then in its design can be used rail ring support 12, which is located strictly in its center. Moreover, the design allows you to capture the reflected wind flow from the hillside with the help of the wind skirt 16 and the upper reflector 8, to increase the efficiency the latter is set above the top of the hill and always turns towards the wind flow. To further enhance the wind flow along the hillside (Fig. 2), vertical guides 24 made of metal, plastic, fabric, etc., which can in turn rotate around the hinge 19 on the curly upper 17 and bottom 18 guides. In this case, the wind flow reflected by the hill from the leeward side will be maximally directed to the sailing installation. In order to maximally increase the wind flow heading to the sailing installation, you can use conventional sails, limiting the lateral rounding of the hill by the wind and fixed on ropes to the main installation and masts, which in turn can be mounted on a movable platform moving along a circular guide 23, located at the base of the hill. Vertical guides 24 for their great efficiency can be interconnected by an upper continuous sail.

This improvement, which uses a conventional cloth sail, can also be effectively applied to a “steppe” type sailing wind turbine, but its efficiency will be slightly less, since a “mountain” wind turbine receives additional wind energy from the side surface of the slope. Both "mountain" and "steppe" wind turbines using conventional sails, capable of capturing the wind flow by hundreds and thousands of square meters, it is advisable to provide several rows of turbines (Fig.3), which can be located both in horizontal and vertical directions, and to give rigidity to the main sail, its internal cavity can be equipped with vertical or horizontal partitions, which simultaneously serve to stabilize the wind flow, having a nozzle profile of the corresponding diameter. The design of a sailing wind turbine of the "mountain" type experiences a rather high dynamic load, especially in the horizontal and vertical directions, therefore, while ensuring its circular mobility (Fig. 2), it is advisable to install the rotation axis 4 in the radial bearing 27 to counter the emerging horizontal forces, and to counter vertical force, lifting the structure up, the axis of rotation 4 can be in its lower part provided with an expanding disk 28, which its upper part abuts against the thrust bearing nickname 29. To give the design even greater rigidity, the radial bearing 31 can additionally be installed around the support rail 12, and the thrust bearing 30 above it.

With the development of sailing wind turbines, designers of industrial and residential buildings will take into account the peculiarities of their work, designing buildings with special outlines, allowing to collect as much wind energy as possible for wind turbines. Sailing wind turbines achieve a very high speed of the wind flow due to its compression at the entrance to the turbine; therefore, the volume of the entire turbine, in contrast to the volume occupied by the working blades of conventional open bladed wind turbines or “modular” wind turbines, is the smallest. It should be borne in mind that revolving turbines create high-frequency vibration, which is much less spread over long distances, and therefore it is quite easy to shield, especially since the small volume of rotating parts allows several screens to be used for protection against vibration. “Modular” wind turbines, and especially powerful open-bladed wind turbines, create a low-frequency vibration that can spread over tens of kilometers, while it cannot be shielded, so these stations pose a rather serious environmental hazard.

In addition, a sailing wind turbine, which requires a structure with a large deployed area that can be strictly oriented in space to create a wind flow, can combine a solar power installation at the same time if the sail plane is made of material that converts the light and thermal energy of the sun. A plant of this type will be called a solar energy system (solar-wind power plant). In hot and especially desert areas, when the calm is established, the hull of the NECS can unfold with its largest collecting surface to the sun. This surface, lined with solar panels, is located on the side opposite to the wind grip. In addition, by passing water under a given darkened surface, thermal energy can be accumulated in a closed tank to heat the building at a time when the sun is no longer shining. The highest efficiency of the NECS is achieved at a time when the wind is blowing at the same time and the installation is heated by the sun. Installations of this type could be successfully used along the shores of the seas and oceans in warm and sunny areas, where the wind almost constantly blows from the water, and coastal hills increase its flow.

The design of a sailing wind turbine of the "parachute" type, depending on the conditions of its use, is no less effective than the above types of wind turbines. So in this installation, the traditional dome 51 (Fig. 4) is used as a sail, which goes into the annular fairing 2. This system is quite easily controllable and very mobile. So, for example, in a sailing wind turbine of the “parachute” type, a very light turbine and generator can be used, while for its operation it is enough to fix the parachute slings 52 on any basis, the wind flow will straighten the dome 51 and will be directed to the turbine. When the wind changes, the whole system will automatically turn behind him. When using a heavier turbine and generator, the latter can be suspended on a balloon 53, if the area of the dome is too large, then its upper edge can also be hung on a balloon 53. This system allows you to raise the “sailing” power station to sufficiently high heights and hold it on a cable 54 (Fig. 4). This station can be used where there are forests and mountain valleys, in which there is a very weak wind flow at the surface of the earth.

LITERATURE

1. The journal "Science and Life" No. 9, 2003, pp. 70-72.

Claims (3)

1. The method of energy production by the method of "sail" capture, which consists in the fact that the rotation of the turbine blades is carried out due to the wind flow trapped by their surface, as well as due to the wind reflected from the central body and the annular fairing, while the guide vanes create a preliminary a twist for rotor blades, characterized in that the annular cowl is made with an internal shape in the form of an expanding nozzle and in its front part is provided with trapping wind flows from the topography sail, forming with the latter the internal profile of the Laval nozzle, while the working and guide vanes are located after the narrowest section of the annular fairing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sail can be made of solar and thermal batteries. 3. A device for generating energy by the method of "sail" capture, containing guiding and working blades of the turbine, rotating the generator, a central body installed in the cross section of the working blades, and an annular cowl, characterized in that the annular cowl is made with an internal shape in the form of an expanding nozzle and in its front part it is equipped with a sail, forming the inner profile of the Laval nozzle with the latter, while the lower part of the sail, forming the internal profile, is made flat, the working and guide vanes can have how many rows, representing a multi-stage turbine, and the generator is sailing in front of the rotor blades and can be multi-stage, while the generators are located on the same axis as the turbine, connecting to it due to clutches as the wind flow increases, while the entrance to the critical part of the Laval nozzle has a variable geometry due to the diaphragm or central body.

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