RU2338011C2 - Anode electrolyser facility with burnt anodes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns receiving of aluminium by means of electrolysis. Particularly it concerns anode electrolyser facility with burnt anodes. Anode facility contains beam-manifolds, anode-drive assembly, containing drives, thrusters, vertical and horizontal draws, shafts mounted perpendicularly to longitudinal axis of beam- manifold. On shafts there are fixed double-armed levers, connected to anode-drive assemblies and to anode jumpers, vertical and horizontal draws. Anode-drive assembly drives are mounted below the butt part of beam-manifold between anode jumper and longitudinal walls of beam-manifold. Thrusters are mounted parallel to longitudinal axis of electrolyser. Vertical draws are connected to anode jumper through the supporting rest. On longitudinal walls of beam-manifold there are located vertical rests, inside of which there are located rollers affixed to anode jumper with ability of vertical displacement. Horizontal draws are made of several parts connected to each other by means of turn-buckle. Double-armed levers are implemented with levers ratio 1:1.2-1.4.

EFFECT: providing of anode jumper rising and reduction of constriction frequency, reduction of anode electrolyser facility height and of electrolyzer appearance, two times reduction of unit of equipment quantity.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the production of aluminum by electrolysis.

It is known that in the process of electrolysis, carbon anodes are consumed by the reaction of reduction of aluminum from alumina. To maintain a constant distance between the anode and cathode, the anode busbar and carbon anodes should be lowered simultaneously. The anode busbar is equipped with mechanisms for moving the anodes. Upon reaching the lowest level of adjustment, all anodes are temporarily suspended by the anode rods above the electrolyzer using a special device, the so-called temporary anode suspension device. Then, the clamps of the anode rods are loosened, pressing them to the anode busbar, and the anode bus is lifted to its extreme upper position, where all the anode rods are again attached to the anode bus in its new position.

A known electrolyzer (RF patent No. 2214482, IPC С25С 3/12, 2003), equipped with an anode device including a collector beam, anode busbar with anodes, anode moving mechanism with an electromechanical drive and screw jacks, which are installed in the longitudinal direction in increments of multiple the installation step of the anodes, and the distance between the transverse axes of the electromechanical drive and the nearby jacks is 1-3 of this step, and they are interconnected using additional rollers.

The main disadvantage of the known invention, when the movement of the anodes are placed on the upper belt of the collector beam, is a significant increase in the height of the anode device above the level of the working platform (floor mark) of the electrolysis body, which is about 3.7 m.A height of the upper belt of the collector beam ( excluding the height of the screw jacks) is about 3.0 m.

Another design drawback is that when the power of electrolyzers is increased to 300 kA and higher, the geometric dimensions of the bath and, accordingly, the length of the anode device with the anode busbar also increase. At the same time, the weight of the anode busbar with suspended anodes can exceed 60 tons. To move the anode busbar, installation of up to 8 jacks is required, which greatly complicates the design of the anode device and creates structural difficulties for the optimal placement of technological equipment.

Known anode device of the electrolytic cell with calcined anodes (RF patent No.2006529, IPC С25С 3/12, 1994), adopted as a prototype. In a known device including a beam-collector; mechanisms for moving anodes consisting of drives, jacks, vertical and horizontal rods; shafts mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the collector beam. Two-arm levers are attached to the shafts, connected to the mechanisms for moving the anodes and to the anode busbar with vertical and horizontal rods. Two shoulders levers on the shafts are located towards each other.

The presented design has several disadvantages.

- Due to the location of the moving mechanisms of the anode of the oscillating type in the upper part of the ends of the collector beam, it does not seem possible to place the evacuation system of the exhaust gases from the electrolyzer in the upper part of the collector beam, since the exhaust pipes exit from the upper part of the ends of the collector beam. Namely, such a layout of the gas removal system is one of the most effective.

- A slight stroke of the anode busbar in the vertical direction is achieved, not more than 400 mm, since to increase the travel of the movement mechanism, it is necessary to significantly increase the size of the two-arm levers and rods, which would not fit into the overall dimensions of the collector beam. In addition, this will entail an increase in the amplitude of rolling of the mechanisms of movement, which complicates and increases the material consumption of the design of the anode device.

- When the anode moving mechanisms are located in the upper part of the collector beam, even if they are in the dimensions of the collector beam, the possibility of their mechanical damage by technological equipment during maintenance of the electrolyzer is not excluded.

The task of the invention is to improve the design of the mechanism for moving the calcined anodes in the anode device of an aluminum electrolyzer, which allows to intensify the operation of an aluminum electrolyzer.

The technical result of the claimed invention is: creating conditions for increasing the progress of the anode busbar, therefore, reducing the frequency of the constriction of the anode busbar; creation of conditions for the rational placement of sections of automated alumina (APG) supply with electrolyzer feed points; lowering the height of the collector beam and, accordingly, the entire cell; improving the appearance of the cell by eliminating the protruding above the upper plane of the beam-collector elements; exclusion of horizontal movements of the anode busbar; elimination of damage to the mechanisms of movement of the anode by technological equipment (cranes) and a decrease in the number of units of equipment used (jacks).

Achieving the claimed technical result is ensured by the fact that in the anode device of the electrolyzer with calcined anodes, including a beam-collector; mechanisms for moving anodes, consisting of drives, jacks, vertical and horizontal rods; shafts mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the collector beam, on which two-arm levers are connected, connected to the anode busbar mechanisms with vertical and horizontal rods, according to the claimed invention, anode drive mechanism drives are installed at the bottom of the end of the collector beam between the anode busbar and the longitudinal the walls of the collector beam, and the jacks are installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electrolyzer, with vertical rods connected to the anode busbar through the support neighing support; in addition, vertical stops are placed on the longitudinal walls of the collector beam, inside of which are rollers attached to the anode busbar with the possibility of vertical movement; and horizontal rods are made of separate parts interconnected by a lanyard.

The invention complements a particular distinguishing feature, also aimed at achieving a technical result.

Two shoulders levers are made with a ratio of 1: 1.2-1.4.

The main advantage of the proposed device is that due to the location of the mechanisms of movement of the anodes between the collector beam and the anode busbar, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell, the sizes of the two-arm levers, vertical and horizontal rods are not limited by anything, which can significantly increase the course of the anode busbar. Similarly, this reduces the height of the anode device and improves the appearance of the cell by eliminating elements protruding above the upper plane of the collector beam. In addition, with this design of the anode device, two jacks of mechanisms for moving the anodes of the corresponding power, instead of four, are enough for operation. Optimal for increasing the stroke of the anode busbar is the use of two-arm levers with a ratio of shoulder lengths 1: 1.2-1.4.

A comparative analysis of the features of the proposed solution and the characteristics of the analogue and prototype indicates that the solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

Comparison of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which makes it possible to conclude that the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General view of the anode device;

figure 2 - mechanism for moving the anodes of the anode device;

figure 3 - connection diagram of the jacks, two shoulders levers and the anode busbar.

The inventive anode device consists of a collector beam 1 made in the form of a welded metal structure with anode 2 movement mechanisms mounted on it and the anode busbar 3 connected to them. The anode busbar 3 is a frame structure consisting of two parallel aluminum busbars 4 fastened together transverse struts 5, placed in the windows 6 of the collector beam 1. Carbon anodes 7 with anode holders sealed in them 8 using locks 9 are suspended from aluminum tires 4. Anode busbar 3 is installed movable up and down relative to the beam collector 1 moving mechanisms anode 2. The shafts 10 are mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the collector beam 1. At fixed shafts 10 are double-arm levers 11, 12 with long and short arms 13. Horizontal rods 14 are attached to the short shoulders 13 of the two-arm levers 11. The horizontal rods 14 are equipped with devices for adjusting the length of the rods (lanyards) 15. The horizontal rods 14 receive the force from the screws 16, the jacks 17, driven by the electric drive 18. To the long shoulders 12 of the two-arm levers 11, with the help of axes 19, vertical rods 20 are suspended, connected to the anode busbar 3 by means of supporting supports 21. To prevent the horizontal movement of the anode busbar 3 when it is raised or lowered, it is equipped with a roll with pegs 22 installed inside the vertical stops 23. In this case, the rollers 22 are attached to the inner surfaces of the anode busbar 3, and the vertical stops 23 are mounted on the beam-collector 1.

The device operates as follows.

When the mechanisms for moving the anode 2 "to lift" the anode bus 3 with anodes 7 are turned on, the electric drive 18 is turned on. The screw 16 is retracted into the jack 17 and pulls the horizontal rod 14. The horizontal rod 14 transfers force to the long shoulder 12 of the two shoulders of the lever 11, which, turning on the shaft 10, moves the short shoulder 13 of the two shoulders of the lever 11 with a suspended vertical rod 20 up. In this case, the short arm 13 makes an upward movement along the arc, which is compensated by a few degrees of rotation of the vertical rods 20 relative to their fixing point on the axis 19. As a result, the anode busbar 3 with anodes 7 and supporting supports 21 suspended from the bottom of the vertical rods 20, make a strictly vertical movement. In this case, the occurrence of the horizontal component of the load on the anode busbar 3 with the anodes 7 fixed to it is eliminated by the rollers 22 and stops 23. The rollers 22 can move inside the stops 23 only in the vertical direction, which eliminates the horizontal movement of the anode busbar 3.

When you turn on the mechanisms for moving the anode 2 "to lower", the screws 16 are extended from the jacks 17 outward (towards the longitudinal axis of the collector beam 1), the entire lever system is rotated in the opposite direction and the anode bus 3 with anodes 7 is lowered.

The given version with two levers on the side of the collector beam is expediently used in electrolyzers of low and medium power (up to 200 kA) with a relatively short busbar length. For electrolyzers of high power (up to 500 kA), installation of up to 4-5 two-arm levers will be required.

In the particular case of the implementation of the device to increase the stroke of the anode bus, it is proposed to use two-arm levers with a ratio of shoulder lengths 1: 1.2-1.4. Modeling of the anode displacement mechanism with such a ratio of shoulders of two-arm levers made it possible to determine the course of the anode busbar 500 mm, with allowable mechanical stresses arising in two-arm levers and supporting supports made of special steel.

The use of this invention in the aluminum industry will allow:

- increase the stroke of the anode busbar by 25% from 400 to 500 mm, and therefore, reduce the constriction frequency;

- reduce the height of the anode device of the cell by 700 mm;

- improve the appearance of the cell by eliminating protruding above the upper plane of the beam-collector elements;

- halve the number of units of equipment (jacks) on one electrolyzer (two jacks are used instead of four in existing electrolyzers).

Claims (2)

1. The anode device of the electrolyzer with burnt anodes containing a beam-collector, anode moving mechanisms, consisting of drives, jacks, vertical and horizontal rods, shafts mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the collector beam, on which two-arm levers are connected, connected to the anode moving mechanisms and with anode busbar vertical and horizontal rods, characterized in that the drives of the mechanisms for moving the anodes are installed at the bottom of the end of the collector beam between the anode busbar and the longitudinal walls of the collector beam, the jacks are installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electrolyzer, with vertical rods connected to the anode busbar through a supporting support, vertical stops are located on the longitudinal walls of the collector beam, inside of which are rollers attached to the anode busbar with the possibility of vertical movement, and horizontal rods are made of separate parts interconnected by a lanyard. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-arm levers are made with a shoulder ratio of 1: 1.2-1.4.

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