RU2334856C2 - Device of optical input of access code to controller of door lock operating mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in various areas for protection against unauthorised access to databases. The device for optical input of an access code to a door lock operating mechanism includes the console containing a tiny source of optical emission, an energy source and an optical receiver connected with the controller of a door lock operating mechanism. The console contains not less than two tiny sources of optical emission, being capable of impacting on separate optical receivers or their groups. Also, the console contains a control facility managing operating mode of tiny sources of optical emission. Tiny sources of optical emission are placed on distances from each other not exceeding their trebled cross-section sizes.

EFFECT: increase in reliability of the lock, simplification of design and increase of amenity of operation.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for preventing unauthorized access of users, and more particularly to optical locking devices containing a key with an optical storage medium. The invention can be used in various fields, for example, in computer technology to protect against unauthorized access to databases, in the automotive industry to prevent car theft, in locks to increase the reliability of safes or to prevent outsiders from entering protected premises.

Known devices for the optical input of an access code into the door lock actuator, comprising sources of optical radiation, keys with an optical information carrier and a radiation receiver associated with the actuator of the locking device (see DE 2000441; H01J 39/12; from 01.07.1969 or GB 2183717; ЕВВ 19/00; from 11/27/1985 or PCT / SU 91/00124; from 11/13/1990).

A common drawback of such technical solutions is a very limited number of code elements, which in turn limits the number of its non-repeating implementations. In addition, the key code used in these devices can be easily decrypted, and a duplicate key can be made using available and widely used technologies. It should be noted that in known devices, signals from photodetectors, as a rule, are analyzed by the processor, giving the command to unlock, if the presented code matches the code stored in the processor memory, or generates an alarm in case of mismatch of these codes. This leads to a significant complication and cost of the device as a whole.

A device is known for optical input of an access code into an actuator of a door lock containing an optical radiation source, a key with an optical information carrier and a radiation receiver associated with an actuating unit of a locking device, while an input device is used as a key information carrier - a transparent window, intended for "Work" with a fingerprint, moreover, the optical code converter is made in the form of a prefabricated holographic matched spatial frequency filter of the specified fingerprint (see US 5138468; G06К 9/00; G06К 9/76; dated 02/02/1990. The advantage of such a device is that the code is practically unencryptable, in addition, in such a device, the optical code converter performs the function an optical processor identifying the presented code, which eliminates the need for additional expensive electronic processors with a memory system in the system. However, coordinated optical filtering systems are extremely sensitive to a change in the scale of the presented object, which can cause malfunctions during the operation of the castle. In addition, in the manufacture of a matched filter, extremely high and practical requirements for the parameters of the recording medium are presented. Finally, a papillary fingerprint of a particular user can be easily reproduced, for example, by photolithography methods using a randomly left imprint on foreign objects.

A device for optical input of an access code into the door lock actuator is also known, including a remote control containing a miniature optical radiation source, a power source and an optical radiation sensor connected to the door lock actuator controller (see Schreiber G. Infrared rays in electronics: Per .French. - M.: DMK Press, 2001, p. 135-176). In this case, the miniature optical radiation source is made in the form of an LED.

Such devices are implemented in the form of infrared remote controls that perform the functions of smart keys. This approach allows you to abandon the massive (and unaesthetic) vandal resistant parts, reduce the cost of installing a lock, reduce the visibility of installing electronic locks. The disadvantages of this solution are: the use of an optical key fob allows the attacker to intercept the signal transmitted from the key fob to the lock. In most cases, manufacturers bypass this problem using mathematical methods (cryptography, the use of irreversible functions, etc.). To achieve high burglar resistance of such algorithms, one has to use rather complex microcontrollers capable of generating 32-64 bits and higher pseudorandom one-time keys (access passwords).

In almost all existing systems, the signal from the smart key is transmitted to the lock using frequency modulation. A single LED is used for this. In general, this design is practically no different from the remote control from the TV. The only protection against signal interception is the low power of the transmitter (usually an infrared LED) and its “directivity”, i.e. uneven level of radiation in space. However, most locks use fairly coarse sensors, and the key emission level makes it easy to intercept the signal (both direct and reflected from various surfaces) from a distance of several meters from the radiation point. Given that the infrared sensor is very small, attackers can easily “hide” the sensor-interceptor near the castle.

The problem to which the claimed solution is directed is expressed in increasing the cryptographic security of the optical access code input device.

The technical result, which manifests itself in solving the problem, is expressed in increasing the reliability of the lock, burglar resistance and vandal resistance of the device that implements the method of entering the access code, simplifying its design, as well as improving the ease of use. In addition, it excludes the possibility of unauthorized entry of the access code by third parties who possessed the code key. The technical solution proposed below allows to achieve a high level of burglary resistance of the wireless key-lock interface without the use of complex mathematical algorithms. This technical solution can be used both separately and in conjunction with existing mathematical methods of information protection.

The result is achieved in that the device for optical input of the access code into the door lock actuator, including a remote control comprising a miniature optical radiation source, a power source and an optical radiation sensor connected to the door lock actuator controller, is characterized in that the remote control contains at least two miniature optical radiation sources, each of which is configured to affect individual optical radiation sensors or their groups, in addition, a remote control, A means of controlling the operation mode of miniature optical radiation sources is provided, while miniature optical radiation sources are located at distances from each other not exceeding their triple transverse dimensions. In addition, the number of optical radiation sensors is equal to the number of emitters. In addition, the microcontroller is configured to change the parameters of the signal transmission process, for example, their synchronism and / or speed, associated with at least one of the miniature sources of optical radiation.

These features of the invention represent its differences from the prototype and determine the novelty of the proposal; these differences are significant, because they provide the achievement of the technical result reflected in the technical task, and are absent in the known technical solutions with the same effect.

A comparative analysis of the set of essential features of the proposed technical solution with the essential features of analogues and prototype indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

The features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks.

The signs "... the remote control contains at least two miniature sources of optical radiation, each of which is capable of affecting individual sensors of optical radiation or their groups" excludes the possibility of separation by a separate optical emitter and subsequent decryption of the signal containing elements of the access code (and , thus, its disclosure) at any significant distance from the radiation sources, regardless of their power.

The signs "... the remote control contains a means of controlling the operation mode of the miniature optical radiation sources" provide the possibility of increasing the security against decryption of the used code signal and can reduce the number of buttons on the control panel, thereby improving its overall dimensions.

The signs "... miniature optical radiation sources located at distances from each other not exceeding their triple transverse dimensions" provide additional use of the geometric factor in the signal encoding in order to prevent intruders from intercepting the code, that is, the geometric factor does not allow us to identify useful information when intercepting a signal without separation into components (i.e., the sum of the emissions of all sources).

The signs of the second to third claims provide the opportunity to increase security against decryption of the used code signal.

Figure 1 shows a variant with open optical channels; figure 2 and figure 3 shows the options when one of the optical channels is closed.

The drawings show a device that provides the implementation of the claimed method: a reader node of a door lock controller 1, formed by at least two optical receivers 2 (photosensitive sensors of known design that satisfy the required operating parameters in terms of their characteristics), fixed from the input side of the room, preferably or near the input door 3, or on its outer side. In addition, the device includes a code key 4, made in the form of a miniature (wearable) keypad, preferably in the form of a keychain. The code key 4 is equipped with at least two sources of optical radiation 5 (optical emitters of known design, for example photodiodes that satisfy the required operating parameters in terms of their characteristics), a miniature power supply 6 and a push-button switch 7, which contains up to seven buttons (preferably two) and microcontroller 8 (a chip that provides control of the operation of optical radiation sources in a given mode (including changing the parameters of the signal transmission process, for example, synchronously speed and / or speed) of at least one of the miniature sources of optical radiation and, thus, defining the mode of formation of optical signals, the sequence of which will be an access code.

To transmit optical signals, an air gap is used, which remains between the optical radiation sources 5 and the optical receivers 2 when the code key 4 is activated. However, when using at least one channel 9, which is optically isolated from the space in which the code key is placed, such an optical channel is formed specifically, for example, in the form of a cavity (extended hole) in the thickness of the entrance door 3, or, in general, a through hole 10 through the door. In the first case, the longitudinal axis of the optical channel 9 can be placed at an angle, preferably straight relative to the longitudinal axis of the hole 11, connecting the cavity of the optical channel 9 with the outer side of the entrance door 3, the optical receiver 2 being placed on the “bottom” of the optical channel. In the second case, the optical receiver 2 is located in the space located behind the front door, while the optical radiation source 5 is located on the protrusion 12, the dimensions of which allow the radiation source to enter the cavity of the channel 9 through the hole 11 or on the inside of the door through the hole 10.

An electromechanical lock of any known type can be used as a door lock (the electric motor or an electromagnet is used as an actuator for its actuator — not shown in the drawings).

As the controller 1, an electronic unit can be used, preferably a microcontroller (for example, Microchip 16 F 684), which functionally includes elements that provide solutions to the following problems:

- input and storage of non-volatile access code;

- the conversion of the input optical signals received by the optical receivers 2 into a signal that is part of the input (generated) access code;

- formation of a code sequence from signals sequentially generated by a code key;

- comparison of the access code stored in the memory of the controller and generated;

- the formation of the control signal of the actuator (respectively, its opening or closing).

The named functions are implemented mainly by software. In addition to these functions directly related to ensuring the operation of the lock, the controller 1 can provide a signal about an incorrectly dialed code and / or activate a security alarm or perform another action provided for in the list of options selected when purchasing a lock.

The claimed device operates as follows.

Optical receivers 2 are mounted in the door leaf (or on the wall near the door), the outputs of which are connected in a known manner to the controller 1 of the door lock actuator (ensuring the inaccessibility of their communication lines from the outside of the door).

The user goes to the door and simultaneously uses a code key to sequentially input optical signals, the combination of which forms an access code.

In this case, various methods of signal coding are possible, using the inability to distinguish which of two (or more) LEDs is on.

The following is suggested as the simplest method of signal encoding:

Table 1 Logical state LED number 0 LED number 1 No signal / Pause Does not burn Does not burn Logical 0 Is on Does not burn Logical 1 Does not burn Is on System code Is on Is on

The system code can be used to synchronize the lock and key (a sign of the beginning and end of the code transfer, etc.).

It is advisable that the bits are separated by short pauses.

It is clear that this method of signal transmission is workable (in the variant of non-isolated optical channels) only when using the key close to the optical receivers 2, when the signal from each of the sources of optical radiation 5 falls only in its “own” receiver. At a distance exceeding the distance between the emitters (in our case 5-10 mm), the use of this technology becomes difficult. The same distance is characterized by the radius at which it is easy for attackers to intercept the signal.

Thus, within the device, 2 interface options can be implemented that have a protocol for one-way signal transmission:

- using completely open transmission channels (which are easily heard by a remote detector of an attacker. But since there are two or more channels, when using the same, closely located radiation sources, the “sum of radiation” is caught, which does not contain any useful information. Separation of signals requires a detector with good angular resolution, capable of detecting the difference in the radiation of two sources of poor optical quality when they are removed from each other 5-10 mm from a distance of several meters (detector the detector can be hidden by intruders within a few meters of the castle, but not closer than one meter, otherwise it will most likely be seen by the person opening the lock legally. But such detectors (for example, an infrared surveillance camera) are not able to pick up the signal with the required frequency (kilohertz), since they must have high-resolution “matrices” - at least 1 Mpix (the update frequency of such matrices is not more than 100 hertz).

If the LEDs are located on the key at a distance of 5-10 mm from each other, then the apparent angle between them for the sensor-interceptor located at a distance of about 1 meter will be less than 0.5 degrees. Given the re-reflection of the signal from the surfaces, the sources of optical radiation 5 will be indistinguishable for any detector having reasonable dimensions and cost. At the same time, distinguishing the same LEDs (from one batch) based on the characteristics of their radiation (spectrum, power) is also a difficult task, which cannot be solved with the help of household, affordable detectors.

Sensors with low-resolution matrices (or in general sensors that operate on the basis of "there is radiation" / "no radiation") can work at the required speed (up to and including megahertz), but they cannot provide proper angular resolution. The industry has not yet released any "intermediate" sensors - due to the lack of technologies and the real needs for them.

Table 2 of the truth of the sensor values corresponds to table 1. The first service bit in the transmission is always logical "1" to determine the polarity of the code key (it can be mistakenly brought upside down).

- one of the emitters uses an open channel (as in the first interface);

- the second emitter, located on the protrusion 12 - shines from the back of the door, or in the cavity of the channel 9.

table 2 The truth table of sensor values Logical state LED number 0 LED number 1 No signal / Pause Does not burn Does not burn Logical 0 Is on Does not burn Logical 0 Does not burn Is on Logical 1 Is on Is on

With such a truth table, observing a signal from only one (any) of the radiation sources, it is impossible to distinguish a logical zero from a logical unit (in order to distinguish "0" from "1" you need to see both signal sources). Moreover, it is possible to artificially desynchronize the source signals so that one of them starts and ends the signal transmission much earlier than the other. By agreement, "useful information" can go after the first logical "1" and end with the last logical "1" or end after the transfer of the agreed amount of information. Then, even having two “unsynchronized” intercepts, one cannot add meaningful information from them. An additional advantage of the described interface options is that they are completely unsynchronous - i.e. transmission is possible at any speed, including with a variable during the transmission of one data packet. This makes them extremely easy to implement and noise immunity.

Further, after entering several (for example, five) characters (the number is fixed and determined by the length of the access code), controller 1 comes into operation, which, after comparing the dialed code sequence with the access code stored in its memory, or gives a command to perform the corresponding operation to the lock ( if the code sequence corresponds to the access code), either gives a signal about the incorrectly dialed code and / or turns on the burglar alarm or performs another action provided for by the lock functions. If you enter an erroneous character, you should stop the code key in this position (or remove it) and wait 10 seconds until the controller is reset.

The above embodiment of the present invention allows for various modifications and additions that are obvious to experts in the field to which this invention relates. That is, the present invention in no way can be limited to this description of the proposed device, and it may be amended and supplemented, defined below by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A device for optically entering an access code into an actuator of a door lock, comprising a remote control comprising a miniature optical radiation source, a power source and an optical receiver coupled to a controller of an actuating door lock, characterized in that the remote control comprises at least two miniature optical sources radiation, each of which is configured to affect individual optical receivers or their groups, in addition, the remote control contains means for controlling the operating mode of the mini thürnen optical radiation sources wherein the miniature sources of optical radiation are arranged at distances from each other not exceeding tripled their transverse dimensions. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of optical receivers is equal to the number of emitters. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the operation mode of the miniature optical radiation sources is configured to change the parameters of the signal transmission process, for example, their synchronism and / or speed, and is associated with at least one of the miniature sources optical radiation.

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