RU2333938C2 - Method of agglomeration of fuel of organic origin and device for this effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of production of hard fuel of organic origin, namely, to formation of agglomerated fuel from wastes of carbon-containing materials. The method includes mechanical action on raw material with gradual increase in loading and its volume compression. During mechanical action raw material is grinded until viscous-plastic state is obtained. The device includes loading bin, cylinder-cone frame, auger shaft with transporting and pressing blades and has longitudinal protrusions located along the frame on its inner surface and a row of dies, each of being fixed in the frame at a distance from each other, with an auger shaft passed through the central holes of the latter.

EFFECT: increase in degree of fuel plasticity and strength whatever the original raw material without any hardening agents and additives and higher productivity of device.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of obtaining agglomerated solid fuels of organic origin, in particular to the formation of fuel briquettes, including from waste carbohydrate materials.

A known method of briquetting coal, which includes drying, mixing with a binder that hardens in a steam mixer at a temperature of 100-150 degrees. C, cooling at 20 degrees. C, pressing under pressure, cooling of the finished product / Moscow, ed. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1991, - 285 pp. /.

Disadvantages - multi-stage process, significant energy costs.

The closest technical solution is the method of agglomeration of solid fuels of organic origin, which includes the processing of moistened raw materials, mechanical impact by pressing with a gradual increase in load and its volumetric compression / K. Kegel "Briquetting of coal." M., Ugletekhizdat, 1957, p.40-47, p.337-338 /.

Disadvantages - insufficient briquette strength depending on the feedstock, significant energy consumption and the duration of the process.

Known multi-stage production line for the formation of ceramic materials from individual plants, each of which includes a cylindrical housing, feed hopper, auger with conveying, sealing, extruding blades / Mechanical equipment of ceramic plants. Moscow, Engineering, 1982 p.237 /.

The disadvantage is the impossibility of forming briquettes from organic raw materials.

The closest technical solution is a multi-stage production line for briquetting materials, each step of which includes a cylinder-conical body, a screw with conveying, sealing and pushing blades with an intermittent helix and pins installed with a gap relative to these blades, located at a distance from one another, corresponding to the turn pitch on each section of the screw / Patent of Ukraine No. 68251 A, IPC ⁷ V30V 11/22, 2004 /.

Disadvantages - a significant length of time briquetting, multi-stage.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the known method of agglomeration of fuel of organic origin, in which by conducting new technological operations it is possible to form a mixture of a different structure based on adhesive-chemical agglomeration in the process of grinding, increasing the degree of lamination of the charge and the strength of the agglomerated fuel, regardless of the feedstock, including in natural conditions and, due to this, the intensification and cheapening of the process, improving the quality otstva okuschennogo fuel.

The problem is solved in that in the known method, the agglomeration of fuels of organic origin, which includes the processing of moistened raw materials, mechanical action with a gradual increase in load and its volumetric compression, according to the invention, with mechanical action, the raw materials are ground to obtain a viscoplastic state and the process is carried out in a facility according to claim one.

The basis of the invention is also the task of improving the known installation of fuel agglomeration for materials of organic origin, in which the introduction of new elements ensures the conditions for grinding the charge under mechanical stress and volume compression, increasing the degree of plasticity of the charge and, due to this, the possibility of obtaining a sufficiently strong agglomerated fuel regardless of the feedstock, including in natural conditions while reducing labor costs, helping to increase production Odnosti installation.

The problem is solved in that the known installation for agglomeration of fuel of organic origin, which includes a loading hopper, a cylindrical conical housing, a screw shaft with conveying and sealing blades, which are located respectively in the cylindrical and conical parts of the housing, in accordance with the invention has longitudinal protrusions made along the housing on its inner surface, and a number of dies, each of which is fixed in the housing, at a distance from one another, while through the central holes of the last their omitted screw shaft.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation for agglomeration of fuel of organic origin, with which the claimed method is implemented.

Figure 2 - installation for agglomeration of fuel of organic origin (top view).

In figure 1, 2:

1 - frame;

2 - loading hopper;

3 - engine;

4 - gear;

5 - cylindrical part (section) of the housing;

6 - conical part (section) of the housing;

7 - auger shaft;

8 - conveying blades of a screw shaft;

9 - extruding blades of the screw shaft;

10 - dies;

11 - longitudinal protrusions along the inner surface of the housing.

The installation includes a loading hopper 2 and an engine 3 mounted on the frame 1 with a gearbox 4 and a cylinder-conical body, which has a cylindrical 5 and conical 6 parts.

A row of dies 10 is mounted coaxially and rigidly fixed in the cylinder-conical housing at a distance of one from one. The dies 10 can be installed in series with decreasing the distance one from one in the direction of the last die 10 of the conical part 6 of the housing. The screw shaft 7 is passed through the central openings of the dies 10 with a gap. The conveying blades 8 of the screw shaft are placed in the cylindrical part 5 of the housing, the extruding blades are in the conical part 6 of the housing. Along the inner surface of the cylindrical-conical body, longitudinal projections 12 are made. A die 10 is fixed at the end of the conical part 6 of the body, which forms the briquettes.

The method of agglomeration of fuel of organic origin using the installation is implemented as follows.

Prepare, as far as possible in vivo, individual components or a mixture of components of raw materials of organic origin. How components choose brown coal, coal sludge, peat, anthracite cob, their mixture or others. The selected raw materials are moistened. The initial moisture content of the raw materials is 17-57%. The engine 3 is turned on and individual components or a mixture of raw materials are fed through the loading hopper 2 into the cylindrical part 5 of the housing to the conveying blades 8 of the screw shaft 7. The organic mass of the raw material is picked up by the blades 8. Immediately in this zone, the process of grinding the organic mass and preparing for the formation of lump fuel begins. With further transportation, the organic mass is subjected to volume compression under the increasing mechanical action of the blades 8, 9, longitudinal protrusions 11 and a number of dies 10. The organic mass at the same time carries out a complex movement: rotation around the screw when interacting with the longitudinal protrusions 11 and pushing through each subsequent die 10.

Apparently, grinding leads to the occurrence of significant shear stresses, the achievement of a sufficient level of activation energy of solid-phase reactions and the process of adhesion-chemical agglomeration. As a result, a fairly homogeneous structure of the organic mass is achieved and the proportion of the plastic component (plasticity of the mass) increases. This greatly facilitates further progressive continuous movement.

By adjusting the number of dies 10, the distance between them and the speed of rotation of the screw shaft 7 relative to the longitudinal protrusions 11, they achieve an increasing increase in the mechanical load and volumetric compression of the organic mass along the entire transportation path in the cylindrical housing up to the last die 10, which forms lumpy fuel. This provides a continuous flow of organic matter, which is formed as lump fuel at the outlet of the last die 10 with the possibility of controlling the flow rate regardless of nature.

For the experimental study, 9 charge compositions were selected, of which I-V - based on the selected individual components of the raw material, VI-IX - based on the corresponding mixtures. Using the described method, lump fuel was manufactured at the installation according to the specified indicators of structure and strength.

The composition of the charge and the test results are summarized in table.

The strength of the lump fuel obtained was determined by the compression method.

As follows from the table, the lump fuel obtained from individual components, their mixtures (brown coal, peat, anthracite), even from sludge wastes (silt fraction of coal and coal slurry), have rather high characteristics of strength and calorific value.

Lump fuel is suitable for thermal power plants, domestic needs, etc.

Profit can be obtained by intensifying the process of agglomeration of waste without the use of any hardeners, other additives. In general, the cost of obtaining environmentally friendly solid fuel from waste has been significantly reduced.

Table No. Composition, raw materials,% Humidity of raw materials (W rel.,%) Strength, MPa p / p brown coal peat anthracite stub silt fraction of coal coal slurry "OS" I one hundred - - - - 53 5.71 II - one hundred - - - 50,5 9.83 III - - one hundred - - 17.9 5.51 IV - - - one hundred - eighteen 1.55 V - - - - one hundred 17.8 1.44 VI - - thirty 70 - 17.8 4.33 VII 80 - - twenty - 45 5.11 VIII twenty - 40 - 40 24 4,5 IX - 70 - thirty - 26.0 10.81

Claims (2)

1. Installation for agglomerating fuels of organic origin, including a loading hopper, a cylindrical housing, a screw shaft with conveying and extruding blades, which are located respectively in the cylindrical and conical parts of the housing, characterized in that it has longitudinal protrusions made along the housing on its inner surface, and a number of dies, each of which is fixed in the housing at a distance of one from one, while a screw shaft is passed through the central holes of the latter. 2. A method of agglomerating fossil fuels of organic origin, including the processing of moistened raw materials, mechanical action with a gradual increase in load and its volumetric compression, characterized in that, under mechanical action, the raw materials are ground to obtain a viscoplastic state and the process is carried out on the apparatus according to claim 1.

Images