RU2333931C2 - Method for refining heavy hydrocarbon raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of refining heavy hydrocarbon raw material and raw oil and can be used in whatever branch of national economy. Method for refining heavy hydrocarbon raw material includes supply of starting raw material to reaction zone with running activating gas through its volume, the temperature of supplied raw material and that in reaction zone being lower than the starting point of raw material boiling, and obtaining end-product at the reaction zone output, with separation from it of gaseous and liquid light fractions and heavy residues by means of rectification. By at least one perforated partition made from material actively absorbing energy of mechanical fluctuations reaction zone is divided into independent sections communicating between themselves. Activating gas is supplied into reaction zone mixed with gaseous fractions re-circulating from the stage of rectification, using method of two-phase ejection through hydrodynamic generator of mechanical fluctuations created by energy of motion of high-energy flow of starting raw material mixed with heavy residues re-circulating from the stage of rectification. From the reaction zone end-product is directed to rectification after isothermal exposure in one of the sections and separation from it of the simplest sulfur compounds.

EFFECT: efficient method for refining hydrocarbon raw material and raw oil.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of heavy hydrocarbons and crude oil, can be used in any field of the national economy. The preferred area of use is the disposal of refinery waste and other residues (waste) containing organic matter.

A known method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising supplying the feedstock to the reaction zone, while maintaining the temperature of the feedstock and the temperature in the reaction zone below the starting point of boiling of the primary feedstock, and obtaining a final product at the outlet of the reaction zone with the release of gaseous, liquid light from it by rectification fractions and heavy residues, and in the reaction zone, the raw material is subjected to mechanical vibrations generated by a hydromechanical generator (see RF patent No. 2158288, IPC C1 0G 7/00, authors Fomin V.M. et al., Publ. 10.27.2000). The main disadvantage of this method is the lack of separation of the reaction zone into independent sections. Because of this, the rotary-pulsating acoustic apparatus used in the indicated method creates a field of mechanical vibrations of complex spatial form, extending in all directions to an unlimited distance, in which various physical phenomena can occur due to the interference of mechanical vibrations created by individual stator windows amenable to accurate quantitative calculation, or at least a qualitative assessment, decreasing in intensity of impact on primary raw materials with distance from the generator bany. As a result of such processing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock by the specified method, a wide variety of effects on it is obtained and it is therefore difficult to predict the final products, while individual fractions can be of a wide fractional composition, obtained as a result of reactions in the most unexpected places of the reaction zone. The most unexpected of them, for example, in the presence of water (condensate) in the feed and during tribomechanical interaction (contact) of the oscillating elements of the rotor and stator, ketones, unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols can be produced, leading to instability of the properties of the final products during rectification and storage. This, therefore, will lead to a decrease in consumer qualities of marketable products. In addition, the unlimited volume and time of the long-term effect of mechanical vibrations can cause not only the release of sulfur from organosulfur compounds, but also initiate the reverse process in areas of reduced intensity of the effects of these vibrations. It will also reduce the consumer qualities of the final and commercial product.

A known method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising supplying primary feedstock to the reaction zone by passing an activating gas through the feedstock volume, while maintaining the temperature of the supplied feedstock and the temperature in the reaction zone below the starting point of boiling of the primary feedstock, and obtaining a final product at the outlet of the reaction zone , with the isolation of gaseous as well as liquid light fractions and heavy residues from it by rectification, while the reaction zone is separated by at least one ne a perforated partition into independent sections interconnected (see RF patent No. 2170755, IPC C 10 G 7/00, authors Kryuchkov V.A. et al., published on July 20, 2001). The specified method has several disadvantages. So, for example, the low temperature of the feedstock, below the temperature of its boiling point in the reaction zone, does not allow the conditions for cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feeds to be achieved. To go through the presented "gas lift" process and chemical processes of raw material conversion, that is, changes in its molecular composition under the influence of an activating gas, due to the low dispersion of the gas fraction in the reaction zone in the liquid feed and, accordingly, the small reaction volume, due to the small activation surface, that is, the surface of interaction of the activating gas with the feedstock, considerable time and space are required, therefore, the specific indicators and the productivity of the installation will be low. In addition, in these processes, sulfur compounds cannot be removed, since there are no conditions for their isolation, for example, from organosulfur compounds.

The specified method is the closest to the proposed technical task and the achieved result, and for this reason it is accepted by us as a prototype.

The problem solved by the proposed method is to increase the efficiency and selectivity of the process, expand the functionality and arsenal of the tools used, improve the quality of the commercial product and the environmental friendliness of the process and reduce energy consumption and waste.

The specified technical problem is solved by the fact that the proposed method for processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks involves supplying primary feedstock to the reaction zone with an activating gas passing through its volume. At the same time, the temperature of the supplied primary raw material and the temperature in the reaction zone are maintained below the boiling point of the primary raw material. It also includes obtaining the final product at the outlet of the reaction zone, with the isolation of the gaseous and liquid light fractions of the commercial product and heavy residues from it by rectification. Moreover, at least one perforated partition of the reaction zone is divided into independent sections in communication with each other. Also, according to the proposed method, at least one perforated partition between independent sections is made of a material actively absorbing the energy of mechanical vibrations. The activating gas is introduced into the reaction zone in a mixture with gaseous fractions recirculated from the rectification stage, by two-phase ejection through a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations created by the energy of the high-energy flow of primary raw materials mixed with heavy residues recycled from the rectification stage, and from the reaction zone the final product is sent for rectification after isothermal exposure in one of the sections and the isolation of the simplest sulfur compounds from it.

The proposed method for processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks involves supplying primary feedstocks to the reaction zone with activating gas passing through its volume, while maintaining the feedstock feed temperature and the temperature in the reaction zone below the starting point of boiling of the primary feedstock, and obtaining a final product at the outlet of the reaction zone, s the separation of gaseous as well as liquid light fractions of the finished product and heavy residues from it by rectification, the activating gas being introduced into the reaction zone mixture with gaseous fractions, recycle from stage rectification method biphasic ejection through hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations, generated due to the energy of motion of the primary high-energy feed stream mixed with the heavy residues recycle from stage rectification. This allows you to abandon the additional heating of the final product for the rectification process, since the thermal energy necessary to heat the final product and successfully carry out the rectification process is obtained from the kinetic energy of the stream by converting it when it generates mechanical vibrations, braking it in the process of ejection of an activating gas and dispersing the gas mixture. Part of this energy is spent on the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons and the production of lower molecular weight products with a less complex structure. Another part, converted into heat, is consumed during rectification of the final product.

The cheaper process is achieved by the fact that it does not require additional heat exchangers to control the temperature of the primary raw material. Excessively introduced thermal energy is taken from the final product in the necessary production process of its rectification to extract a marketable product, that is, liquid light gas oil and gasoline-naphtha fractions. This thermal energy can be used to heat up a new portion of the heavy hydrocarbon feed. Also, heat of heavy residues can be used for this purpose. It should be noted that the process does not require too precise inlet temperature maintenance, since with a significant decrease in the temperature of the primary heavy hydrocarbon feed, the process will not stop, but its efficiency will decrease due to increased energy costs at a given power and pump supply for pumping cold, highly viscous heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, which consequently will be heated faster to the optimum temperature. To reduce the viscosity of the primary raw material at the initial stage of the method, it can be diluted with liquid fractions of a commodity or final product. This will also simplify the process and means of controlling the optimal parameters for the implementation of the proposed method. If the viscosity of the feedstock is too low (including its overheating), at a given power and supply (characteristic) of the pump, the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the ejector will decrease, and, therefore, the flow rate of the raw material from it and the efficiency of ejection will decrease generation of mechanical vibrations. Excess heat can be removed at the stage of rectification and heating of a new portion of raw materials. Obviously, at too low a temperature or high viscosity, for example, due to heat loss, the final product can be heated before distillation.

The use of the effects of mechanical vibrations, limited in space and time, for carrying out chemical reactions for the dispersion and conversion of heavy hydrocarbons increases the selectivity and productivity of the process, reduces the specific energy costs for its implementation and allows you to relatively accurately control the receipt of the desired final product. The result of the process depends on the time and intensity of exposure to raw materials of mechanical vibrations, their energy saturation in amplitude, modulation and frequency, the composition of the raw material, activating gas and the ratio of all these parameters (the list of which is not exhaustive). Due to the lack of widely known sources of technical literature describing these phenomena in necessary completeness, it is difficult to accurately predict, describe and calculate the composition of the final product, which for this reason is determined and regulated experimentally, without additional studies. However, while these parameters expand the functionality and arsenal of tools used by the method for its implementation and obtain the necessary composition of the final product.

In the presence of an excess amount of the gas-vapor component in liquid raw materials, due to the absorption by the developed surface separating these phases of the energy of mechanical vibrations, the volume and intensity of their propagation in a two-phase inhomogeneous medium decreases, while the gradient of the amplitude of mechanical vibrations increases and the range of types obtained at the output expands hydrocarbons of the final product. For this reason, there will be a need to increase the volume and range of operating temperatures of the distillation column to obtain the necessary commercial product. The best type of medium for the propagation of these vibrations is a pure liquid or solid phase. Therefore, it is obvious that for each type of working medium there is an optimal ratio of it with the gas phase, which is necessary for the intensive process.

The energy of mechanical breaking of the sulfur bond in organosulfur compounds is less than the energy of breaking the carbon – carbon or carbon – hydrogen bond. Therefore, it is possible to select the energy of mechanical vibrations to act on the feedstock, in which the sulfur bond in the organosulfur compounds of the heavy hydrocarbon feed will be broken first. Sulfur can be liberated in its pure form or in the form of its simplest compounds, for example, hydrogen sulfide.

The process can occur both at atmospheric pressure and at excessive pressure. At atmospheric pressure, the cost of manufacturing equipment for implementing the method will be the smallest. With excess pressure, the cost of manufacturing equipment and carrying out the process will increase, the consumption of activating gas, process efficiency and the depth of processing of raw materials will increase.

The high dispersing ability of mechanical vibrations and the presence of isothermal soaking in this process prevents the formation of coke-like deposits, since, in contrast to the long-term fatal effects of thermal cracking, which causes coke to appear due to the deep destruction of raw material molecules, its conversion reaction after mechanical vibrations is fast stop due to the relatively low temperature of the final product. The appearance of products like soot is unlikely, and their deposits are easily removed or involved in the repeated cycle of the process.

The separation of the reaction zone into independent sections communicated with each other through at least one perforated partition made of a material actively absorbing the energy of mechanical vibrations creates conditions that limit the effect on the volume of raw materials and the final product of mechanical vibrations by the volume of the reaction section in the reaction zone, and its predetermined flow rate through the corresponding independent reaction section of the reaction zone limits the time of their exposure.

In this case, the energy saturation of the feed stream (its consumption and speed) determines the intensity of the hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations, that is, the amplitude and frequency of the mechanical vibrations generated by it, and the temperature of the final product at the outlet of the reaction zone. Various constructions can be used as the latter, for example, a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations such as a Hartmann generator with an elastic-suspended resonator that oscillates under the impact of a high-energy jet of primary raw materials, or with a pointed plate fixed with the possibility of generating transverse vibrations arising under the action of turbulent eddies formed by the incident flow .

In this case, the material actively absorbing mechanical vibrations can be composite, for example, consisting of fiberglass with a heat-resistant binder or bimetallic, for example, with an internal aluminum or titanium layer that actively reflects sound vibrations, and an external steel or lead layer that actively absorbs them. Aluminum-containing steels developed by Russian and Japanese experts are most effective for use in the specified quality, in which, thanks to their special internal structure, the energy absorption coefficient for each oscillation period reaches 50%.

Due to the fact that the final product from the reaction zone is sent for rectification after isothermal aging in one of the sections in which the conversion reactions of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock are completed, turbulization is calmed down, a uniform temperature distribution is achieved over the volume of the final product and stabilization of the properties of the commodity products obtained from it rectification, for this additional temperature stabilization devices and flow dampers can be used. Before the distillation, other intermediate physicochemical processes can be carried out in the remaining separate sections and appropriate chemical-technological apparatuses installed, aimed at improving the quality of the final product or changing its properties, for example, by removing sulfur oxides or increasing the octane number of gasoline fractions. Moreover, the not very high temperature of the final product leads to the most rapid completion of the conversion reactions of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks at the necessary stage and to the production of more stable hydrocarbon compounds in it, as well as to the impossibility of producing organo-sulfur compounds again.

Isothermal isolation of the simplest sulfur-containing compounds from the final product occurs, for example, when it settles under atmospheric pressure, when gaseous hydrogen sulfide is released from the final product and pure elemental sulfur precipitates, and sulfur oxides are removed by any other known method, which in this case not subject to protection.

Timely separation of sulfur from organosulfur compounds and its removal from the process in the form of substances having an extremely simple composition, such as elemental sulfur, its oxides and hydrogen sulfide, allows to reduce the mass volume of production-hazardous wastes for the environment and to include them in industrial circulation as separate types of commodity product or raw materials for the production of sulfur or its derivatives. In this case, it is possible to combine sulfur oxides with water released in the process and produce sulfuric or sulfuric acid, which can be neutralized with the formation of insoluble salts, the volume of which is insignificant. The return to the beginning of the process of gaseous fractions and a heavy distillation residue, purified from sulfur, as well as involving them in a continuous cyclic processing process, reduces production waste to the limit.

The decrease in the content of sulfur and its compounds in the final, and, consequently, in the marketable product, reduces its emissions into the environment when they are used in the national economy. This improves the environmental friendliness and consumer qualities of these products.

Obviously, the final product (immediately after the reaction section or after isothermal exposure) or part of it can be sent to the inlet of the hydrodynamic generator, but with an excessive amount of gaseous and low boiling fractions can interfere with the operation of the recirculation means and the two-phase ejector due to steam-gas plugs, and sulfur and its simplest derivatives will cause increased corrosion of chemical-technological equipment. Therefore, the separate use of sulfur, gaseous, light liquid fractions and the heavy residue obtained by rectification of the final product is most preferable.

The process of subsequent rectification (if carried out correctly) does not change the fractional composition of the final product and does not lead to its coking, which allows returning the heavy residue every time to the beginning of the process and also to achieve almost complete, one hundred percent processing of primary raw materials.

It is obvious that the mineral fraction of oil or raw materials is removed from the cycle and can be disposed of by known means and methods.

Chemically inert non-condensable gases at atmospheric pressure, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, noble gases argon, neon, krypton, radon, etc., can be preferably used as the base of the activating gas, since they exhibit their catalytic properties during the process without reacting chemically with primary raw materials.

As part of the activating gas, ozone can be used in an amount of up to 50 grams per kilogram of raw material. Such an additive to the activating gas can improve the removal of sulfur from organosulfur compounds, since ozone usually tends to penetrate into a weaker chemical bond, such as sulfur - carbon, and therefore primarily reacts in such compounds with it with the formation of seraozone oxides, which easily separated from hydrocarbons under the influence of intense mechanical stress. At the same time, ozone also activates branched chain reactions of destruction of heavy hydrocarbons. This increases the productivity of the process and reduces the cost of its implementation. An increase in the relative amount of ozone increases the risk of over-oxidation of primary raw materials, an excessive increase in its temperature, ignition and explosion, and also reduces the yield of marketable hydrocarbons.

Gaseous hydrocarbons are used as a constituent of the activating gas in order to increase the yield of light fractions, since they easily react with radicals decomposing during the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to form stable compounds and produce hydrogen.

Hydrogen is used as a component of the activating gas in order to combine with unsaturated and other unstable hydrocarbons or their radicals during conversion and isothermal aging and increase the stability of organic substances that make up the final and commercial products. Also, hydrogen can combine with ions of sulfur or its derivatives to produce readily removable gaseous compounds, for example, hydrogen sulfide. For this reason, gaseous activating additives will be most preferred for use in the process.

Other catalysts for its conversion, in liquid or solid form, for example, such as salts and organic compounds of vanadium or rare earth metals, can be introduced into heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. But they are difficult to separate from the final product, therefore they will have a greater consumption than activating gases, and their presence in the final product will reduce its quality. It is possible to coat the surface of the reaction section with catalytic compounds, but the cost of manufacturing the reactor will increase significantly. For this reason, gaseous activating additives will be most preferred.

According to the proposed method, practically any substance containing organic substances can be processed into light hydrocarbon fuel. But for this, it must be crushed to the state of a stable suspension or emulsion in the liquid phase. The liquid phase may be organic or otherwise, preferably low boiling, for example, water-based. Moreover, the costs of said grinding or dispersing are very high. For this reason, the use of liquid (from heavy to light) raw materials is most preferred. The greatest effect is achieved when using heavy hydrocarbons in liquid form, which is preferred for use in the process.

The drawing shows a schematic installation for the implementation of the method.

A method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock is as follows. It begins with the supply of primary raw materials to the reaction zone with the passage of the activating gas through its volume, while maintaining the temperature of the supplied primary raw materials and the temperature in the reaction zone below the boiling point of the primary raw materials. The process ends with the receipt of the final product at the exit from the reaction zone, with the isolation of gaseous as well as liquid light fractions of the commercial product and heavy residues from it by rectification. In this case, the reaction zone is divided into independent sections communicated with each other by at least one perforated partition made of a material actively absorbing the energy of mechanical vibrations. Moreover, the activating gas is introduced into the reaction zone in a mixture with gaseous fractions recirculated from the rectification stage by ejection through a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations generated by the energy of the high-energy flow of the primary heavy hydrocarbon feed in a mixture with heavy residues recirculated from the stage rectification. And from the reaction zone, the final product is sent for rectification after isothermal exposure in one of the sections and isolation of the simplest sulfur compounds from it.

The reactor for implementing the method comprises a housing 1 with at least one perforated partition 2 installed therein, dividing its reaction zone 3 into independent sections and made of a material that actively absorbs the energy of mechanical vibrations of the raw material. Storage means 4 and 5, which can be made, respectively, in the form of a gas holder or cylinder for compressed activating gas or its individual parts and a tank or tank for heavy hydrocarbon raw materials, which serve for the timely introduction of the missing, consumed components into the process. The supply means, made respectively in the form of a compressor 6 and a pump 7, serves a portion of activating gas and heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks to the inputs 8 and 9 of the reaction section 10, respectively. The means 11 for separating them at the outlet 12 of the reaction zone 3 from the final product can be performed, for example, in the form of a distillation column 13 having means 14 and 15 for recycling to the inlets 8 and 9 of the gaseous fractions of the final product isolated by rectification of the activating gas and heavy residues . Means 16 for mixing them with new portions of activating gas and heavy hydrocarbon feeds coming from storage means 4 and 5 is made in the form of a hydrodynamic generator 17 of mechanical vibrations equipped with an integrated two-phase ejector 18.

The perforated partition 2, bounding the first, active, reaction section 10 of the reaction zone 3, is made of a material that actively absorbs the energy of mechanical vibrations.

To improve the damping of mechanical vibrations of the raw materials of the perforated partitions 2 may be two or more. Moreover, to increase the efficiency of the specified material, it is desirable that the openings of the perforation holes in adjacent partitions overlap with the possibility of free movement of the final product through them.

In the case of using one perforated partition 2, the perforations in it can be made in the form of partial lateral grooves in the protrusions stamped in it, reflecting mechanical vibrations, which will also prevent their free distribution outside the reaction section 10.

The shape of the perforated septum is not an object intended for protection in the proposed method. It can be flat and separate sections in a tubular body, can surround the reaction zone, or be of any other shape. The main quality of the perforated partition 2 is that property that allows you to prevent the uncontrolled spread of mechanical vibrations outside the reaction zone and evenly distribute the flow of the final product over the next section of the isothermal exposure. The organization and distribution of mechanical vibrations in the reaction section is the secret of production or "KNOW-HOW", which are a function of the shape and size of the reaction chamber and the mechanical properties of the material from which it is made, and the shape of the field of mechanical vibrations of the hydrodynamic emitter.

At least one second section 19 of the reaction zone serves to complete the conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon feed and is designed for isothermal aging, that is, stabilization of the temperature and properties of the final product. To stabilize the properties, chemical-technological devices can be used that remove unstable or aggressive substances from the final product, for example, organic acids.

As for the term “isothermal exposure”, it should be clarified that similar processes are widely known and described in almost all textbooks or manuals on processes and apparatuses of chemical technology, which give examples of processes and apparatuses for the separation of gaseous, liquid, and solid mixtures under the influence of gravity (see, for example, “Processes and Apparatuses of Chemical Technology” by A.N. Planovsky, V.M. Ram, and S.Z. Kagan, Chemistry Publishing House, 1967, pp. 237-244) by upholding or holding them in a calm state. The only difference is that in the described method, in a separate section, the known means maintain a constant temperature that is the same throughout the volume of the section, that is, with an isothermal temperature distribution over the specified volume, which should be facilitated by a uniformly perforated partition that evenly distributes the flow of the final product over the specified section .

There may be several subsequent sections, and they can be located outside the reaction zone and be equipped with various chemical-technological equipment and apparatuses designed for various purposes. But at the same time, at least one of the sections 20 should preferably be used for separation by isothermal exposure from the final product of sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and its other simplest compounds isolated from organosulfur compounds by the action of mechanical vibrations and an activating gas on them.

The reactor implementing the proposed method operates as follows.

When the reactor starts, the first portion of the activating gas and heavy hydrocarbon feed is supplied from their storage means 4 and 5 by the compressor 6 and pump 7, respectively, to the inputs 8 and 9 of the reaction section 10.

Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks in the form of a high-energy flow enter the two-phase ejector 18 at a high speed and entrain the activating gas, partially mixing with it. Then the two-phase gas-feed stream enters the hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations, where it hits the resonator 21 at a high speed. The design of the generator 18 and the resonator 21 can be different, chosen from a large number of known options. The most commonly used are simple and effective hydrodynamic generators of the Hartmann type with a resonator 21 resiliently suspended on its body, which reflects the gas-feed stream and begins to oscillate under its impact with a given frequency and amplitude, creating a field of mechanical vibrations in the reaction section 10.

The flow of the gas-raw material mixture is actively mixed due to its turbulization during movement along the two-phase ejector 18, impact into the resonator 21, and under the influence of the field of mechanical vibrations created by the hydrodynamic generator. As a result, the activating gas and the heavy hydrocarbon feed are mixed intensively, creating a highly dispersed gas-raw foamy mixture. Under the influence of these phenomena and the catalytic action of the activating gas, large-sized molecules of heavy hydrocarbons are split and separated from them by weaker sulfur bonds. The resulting hydrocarbon radicals are more likely due to the relatively low overall temperature of the gas-raw material medium to combine into shorter molecules. This phenomenon should be facilitated by the introduction of gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, butane, or propane into the activating gas, which combine with the indicated radicals to remove a hydrogen atom from them, and hydrogen will tend to combine with the open bond of another hydrocarbon radical and form lighter and simpler ones than in raw materials of the molecule.

The time and intensity of the effects of these phenomena on heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, the presence and amount of these additives in the activating gas determine the degree of conversion of the heavy hydrocarbons of the feedstock, i.e., the predominance of the benzene-naphtha or gas oil fractions in the final product.

When the end product passes through the perforated septum 2, passes into the second section 19 and after isothermal soaking in it, the conversion is completed in it, its turbulization gradually calms down, active hydrocarbon radicals find other radicals, hydrogen atoms or molecules of gaseous hydrocarbons with which they form inactive stable molecules. This requires a certain amount of time and space.

In this case, the kinetic energy of motion of the turbulent vortices of the final product decreases and passes into thermal energy, increasing its temperature. Part of the activating gas and other gaseous components that are not dissolved in the liquid phase of the final product, such as hydrogen sulfide and light hydrocarbon gases, are separated from the final product. The liberated elemental sulfur is also separated in it from the final product during its sedimentation and isothermal aging.

In the upper coldest part of the distillation column, this process ends with the evolution of the gaseous fraction of the final product and the remaining part of the activating gas. In its middle part, gas oil and / or gasoline-naphtha fractions of a marketable product are distinguished, which can be divided (if the column design is carried out appropriately) into components or sent for further processing or use. If necessary, their excess heat can be used to heat new portions of raw materials.

A mixture of activating gas and gaseous hydrocarbons from the upper part of the distillation column is sent through recirculation means 14 for them by means of a compressor 6 to the inlet 8 of the reaction section 10. Residual, heavy hydrocarbons (heavy residues) from the bottom of the column are sent through recirculation means 15 by a supply means in the form of a pump 7 to the inlet 9 of the reaction section 10, where they are mixed with new portions of activating gas and heavy hydrocarbons, heating them. The commercial product is pumped out by the pump 22. If necessary, the heat of the commercial product can also be used to heat raw materials, domestic or industrial needs or the needs of personnel. Then the process is continuously repeated.

Claims (5)

1. A method of processing a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising supplying primary feedstock to the reaction zone by passing an activating gas through its volume, while maintaining the temperature of the supplied feedstock and the temperature in the reaction zone below the starting point of boiling of the feedstock, and obtaining a final exit from the reaction zone product, with the isolation of gaseous as well as liquid light fractions of the commercial product and heavy residues from it by distillation, moreover, the reaction zone is separated by at least about perforated partition into independent sections interconnected, characterized in that at least one perforated partition (2) between independent sections is made of a material that actively absorbs the energy of mechanical vibrations, and the activating gas is introduced into the reaction zone in a mixture with gaseous fractions recirculating from the rectification stage, by the method of two-phase ejection through a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations created due to the energy of motion of high-energy the flow of primary raw materials in a mixture with heavy residues recirculating from the rectification stage, and from the reaction zone the final product is sent to rectification after isothermal exposure in one of the sections and separation of the simplest sulfur compounds from it. 2. A method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks according to claim 1, characterized in that ozone is used as an integral part of the activating gas in an amount of up to 50 g per kilogram of feedstock. 3. The method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feeds according to claim 1, characterized in that gaseous hydrocarbons are used as a constituent part of the activating gas. 4. The method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feeds according to claim 1, characterized in that hydrogen is used as a constituent part of the activating gas. 5. The method of processing heavy hydrocarbon feeds according to claim 1, characterized in that chemically inert non-condensable gases are used as a constituent part of the activating gas.