RU23875U1 - REACTOR FOR THE PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

REACTOR FOR THE PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS

The utility model relates to the field of processing of heavy hydrocarbons, namely, devices for the processing of bottoms, tar, bitumen, fuel oil, etc.

A reactor for processing heavy secondary hydrocarbon feeds is known. Patent of the Russian Federation 2170754, MKI Syu G 7/00, published on 07.20.2001. The reactor has a housing in which perforated partitions are placed oriented perpendicular to its axis. The reactor is also equipped with a unit for supplying a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, a unit for supplying an activating agent, for example, a propane-butane-hydrogen mixture, a unit for introducing recycled processing residues, and a unit for withdrawing the vapor-gas mixture. When the raw material and the activating agent move through the perforation holes, the mass flow disperses with the formation of bubbles and, due to this, the contact surface of the raw material and the activating agent increases. In the process of moving this dispersed stream from the first baffle to the last, not only the distillation of the light fractions contained in the feedstock is intensified, but also the chemical interaction of the processed feed with the activating gas and the vapors of the newly formed light fractions of hydrocarbons is carried out and the process of conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to bright. When the convector is in operation, the process temperature in the reaction zone reaches 300 ° C. The yield of light products, although higher than in the known processes of delayed coking and vacuum distillation, however, is about 53% of the mass. Reactors for processing heavy hydrocarbons are known, in which

various techniques are used to increase the yield of light products. So in the reactor, RF Patent 2087518, used an electrodynamic emitter installed in the lower part of the housing. The raw material supply pipe and the reactor vessel are equipped with heaters, which makes it possible to maintain the temperature of the gaseous medium in the reactor 140-1000 ° C. The evaporation of the raw material sprayed through the nozzle takes place in the heated gas medium inside the vessel. The presence of hydrogen or compounds that decompose with the release of hydrogen increases the rate of decomposition of hydrocarbons into more volatile substances. The oscillations of the gaseous medium excited by the radiator initiate the cavitation process and intensify the heat exchange process between the atomized raw material and the gaseous medium. The device allows the processing of high-boiling hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure.

Known hydrodynamic cavitation reactor Patent of the Russian Federation 2124550, MKI Syu G 15/08, publ. 01/10/99, in a hermetically sealed case, made in the form of a vertically oriented cylindrical glass, working chambers are formed using dividing walls. Hydrocarbon feedstock, together with water, is supplied to the reactor at high pressure (180-220 atm) and enters the perforated swirl. Then, the turbulized dispersed vapor-liquid flow through the nozzles of the nozzle installed at the outlet of the swirler enters sequentially into the working chambers. The working chambers communicate with each other through nozzles. In the working chambers in the region of high pressure, steam bubbles collapse and a resonant cavitation process occurs, which causes the generation of acoustic radiation. acting on raw materials. This leads to the destruction of heavy molecules

hydrocarbon raw materials, which makes it possible to obtain a high percentage of the yield of light fractions.

The above analogues allow the processing of heavy hydrocarbons into light fractions due to cavitation physicochemical processes leading to the destruction of molecules. However, the design of the reactors is significantly different from the design of the proposed device.

The closest to a utility model for the combination of essential features is a reactor for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons. RF patent 2087185, MKI B01J 7/02, publ. 08/20/97, adopted as a prototype.

In the upper part of the reactor there is a mixer with nozzles for supplying the processed combustible gas (methane) and oxygen, a burner adjacent to the mixer and a reaction chamber in which the process of oxidative pyrolysis of methane takes place at a temperature of 1450 ° C. Pyrolysis products enter the quenching-evaporation chamber. In the lower part of the housing there is a pipe for the removal of reaction gases. The reactor allows the pyrolysis of gaseous hydrocarbons with a high percentage of acetylene yield due to the use of heat from the reaction gases. However, the design does not allow the processing of heavy hydrocarbons.

The utility model is based on the task of expanding the arsenal of technical tools that allow the processing of heavy hydrocarbons with a high yield of light oil products - gasoline, diesel fuel, etc. An additional task is the expansion of technological capabilities, namely, the provision of the possibility of processing various raw materials that differ significantly from each other in physical and chemical characteristics, as well as

providing the ability to modify the produced hydrocarbons to obtain chemical raw materials.

The problem is solved in that in a reactor for processing hydrocarbon raw materials having a prefabricated water-cooled housing, including a mixing chamber, equipped with nozzles for supplying combustible gas and an oxidizing agent and a burner, a reaction chamber, a quenching-evaporation unit, new, according to a utility model, is that the reactor contains a node for supplying the processed raw materials to the reaction chamber, equipped with tubes installed in the reaction chamber parallel to the axis of the housing, and having holes in the side walls, oriented sideways, the reactor outlet is made in the form of a nozzle, in the zone of the reaction chamber the body has an additional inner wall with the formation of an annular gap for the passage of cooling water with an open exit to the nozzle.

An additional problem is solved by the fact that the body is equipped with a spacer that increases the longitudinal size of the reaction chamber and / or a sleeve of heat-resistant material is installed in the reaction chamber, equipped with radial ribs in contact with the surface of the inner wall of the body.

The housing may also be provided with a nozzle for supplying an activating gas or modifying agent.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the Figure, which shows a longitudinal section of the reactor.

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The reactor has a cylindrical vertically oriented body. In the lower part of the reactor there is a mixing chamber 1 with a pipe 2 for supplying combustible gas (for example, methane, natural gas) and a pipe 3 for supplying an oxidizer (air, oxygen). A burner 4 is installed in the mixing chamber 1, equipped with a jig unit 5 for jigging the combustible mixture. The reactor vessel has an outer wall 6 and an inner wall 7. Between the walls there is an annular gap 8. The vessel is equipped with a nozzle 9 for supplying water to the annular gap 8. The wall 7 s limits the reaction chamber 10 (is its side surface). The feed unit for the processed raw material has a chamber 11, located between the mixing chamber 1 and the reaction chamber 10, separated from them by transverse partitions. The pipe 12 serves to supply the processed raw materials to the chamber 11. The feed supply unit is provided with tubes 13 mounted in the reaction chamber (mounted on a transverse partition) parallel to the axis of the housing. Through the tubes 13, the chamber And communicates with the reaction chamber 10. Each of the tubes 13 in the side walls has openings oriented toward the side surface of the vessel, more precisely, toward the adjacent portion of the wall of the reactor vessel (preferably radially with respect to the axis of the vessel). In the upper part, the casing has the shape of a nozzle 14 expanding towards the outlet of the reactor. The annular gap 8 has an open outlet in the area of the nozzle 14.

The reactor vessel may have a pipe 15 for supplying an activating gas (for example, hydrogen) or a modifying agent to the reaction chamber.

In the reaction chamber, a sleeve 16 of heat-resistant material (ceramics) can be installed, equipped with “spacers — radial ribs in contact with the surface of the inner wall 7 of the housing.

The housing may have a spacer 17, increasing the longitudinal size of the reaction chamber. Pipes 18 are designed to connect control devices - thermocouples, pressure gauges. The device can also be equipped with nozzles 19 installed in the upper part of the housing, and providing an additional supply of water to the annular gap 8 and / or directly to the upper part of the reaction chamber (near the transition of the reaction chamber to the nozzle).

The reactor operates as follows.

First, air is supplied through the pipe 3, after which voltage is applied to the ignition unit of the burner 4 to form a spark. Then, natural gas (or other energy carrier) is supplied through pipe 2. The fuel-fuel mixture is ignited and a “working fluid with a temperature of 15002000 ° C is formed in the reaction chamber 10. At the same time or with a slight delay, water and preheated hydrocarbon feed are supplied through pipes 9 and 12. From the chamber 11, the raw material is sprayed under pressure into the walls 7 cooled by water, through openings in the tubes 13. Water entering the nozzle 14 from the slot 8 is converted into steam, which stabilizes the process.

High temperature, pressure, a certain organization of the flows of components introduced into the reaction chamber, as well as strictly regulated time spent by hydrocarbons in the reaction chamber leads to the destruction of heavy hydrocarbon molecules. The initial reaction temperature is 1500-2000 ° C, and

final 700 - 750 ° C.

The separation of the vapor-gas mixture emanating from the nozzle 14 is carried out by conventional methods. Condensed hydrocarbons are composed of at least 90% light fractions. Chilled water can again be supplied to the pipe 9, and combustible gases to the pipe 2.

The design of the reactor allows the processing of heavy hydrocarbons with various physicochemical characteristics. The degree of destruction, and, accordingly, the percentage of light fractions, depends, in particular, on the residence time of the raw materials in the reaction chamber, and can be determined by its volume and length. The volume of the chamber can be changed by increasing the length of the housing by introducing a spacer 17. The opposite result can be achieved by introducing the sleeve 16.

As noted above, the rate of decomposition of hydrocarbons increases in the presence of hydrogen or compounds that decompose with the release of hydrogen. The design provides for the possibility of such a mechanism for regulating the processing process. If necessary, hydrogen (or another gas decomposing with the release of hydrogen molecules) is introduced into the reaction chamber through the nozzle 15. Through the same nozzle, another gas can be introduced that is involved in the reaction with the hydrocarbons being processed. The introduction of a modifying agent allows you to get new products, with

programmable properties that can be used as raw materials for chemical industry. The operation of the reactor is tested on various feedstocks. Are below

test examples.

Example 1. The inventive reactor was used to process the bottom residue of the gas condensate plant of the Surgut ZSK, the density of raw materials at 20 ° C was 870.9 kg / m. During the operation of the reactor, no activating gas or modifying agent was supplied to the reaction chamber. As a result, the following products were obtained, wt%: 8-light hydrocarbons (C 1-04), 4-light hydrocarbons (Sz-Sat), 84 - fractions for obtaining light fractions of oil products at refineries, 2-4 - solid particles.

Example 2. The same feedstock as in Example 1 was processed in a reactor under conditions of hydrogen supply to the reaction chamber. As a result, the following products were obtained,% of the mass: 2,3-light hydrocarbons (СрСб), 97,7 -fractions for obtaining light fractions of oil products at oil refineries, 2-4 -hard particles.

Example 3. The reactor was used for the processing of natural petroleum bitumen, density at 20 ° C, -930 kg / m During the operation of the reactor, water was supplied to the reaction chamber. As a result, the following products were obtained,% by mass: 7.2 light hydrocarbons (synthesis gas), 87.3-fractions to obtain light fractions of petroleum products at refineries, 5 -hard particles.

Example 4. In the reactor, fuel oil M-100 was processed, viscosity at 20 ° C -16 mm / s, also when water was supplied to the reaction chamber. As a result, the following products were obtained, wt%: 17 light hydrocarbons (СрСб), 76.- fractions for obtaining light fractions of oil products at refineries, 6 solid particles. Example 5. The same heating oil as in Example 4 was subjected to

processing in the presence of hydrogen in the reaction chamber. The output was obtained,% mass .: 7 - light hydrocarbons (СрСб), 87 - fractions for producing light fractions of oil products at refineries, 6 - solid particles.

The above and other numerous tests of the prototype showed that the reactor allows the processing of fuel oil and bitumen with a yield of light hydrocarbons of 75-95%, bottoms up to 98%.

The reactor can use associated gases, methane, butane, etc., as fuel, including the use of gases from the operation of the reactor. The heat released during operation can be used to preheat the processed raw materials, or otherwise be disposed of.

Claims (4)

1. A reactor for processing hydrocarbon raw materials having a prefabricated water-cooled housing, including a mixing chamber, equipped with nozzles for supplying combustible gas and an oxidizing agent and a burner, a reaction chamber, a quenching-evaporation unit, characterized in that it contains a unit for supplying the processed raw materials to the reaction chamber equipped with tubes installed in the reaction chamber parallel to the axis of the vessel and having openings in the side walls oriented towards the side surface of the vessel, the reactor outlet is made in the form cost sharing in the reaction zone of the chamber housing has an additional inner wall to form an annular gap for the passage of cooling water from an open outlet to the nozzle.  2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is equipped with a spacer that increases the longitudinal size of the reaction chamber.  3. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a sleeve of heat-resistant material is provided in the reaction chamber, equipped with radial ribs in contact with the surface of the inner wall of the housing. 4. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a pipe for supplying an activating gas or modifying agent.