RU2333100C2 - Method of production of combined decorative-reinforced translucent shells with negative curvature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of manufacture of translucent combined decorative-reinforced shells with negative curvature includes laying and fixing of two sheets of oriented thermoplastic at spatial contour frame, their heating up to temperature of highly elastic condition and further cooling. At that translucent sheets of thermoplastic are placed on top and bottom, and decorative-reinforced mesh is installed in between, for instance, polymer or metal one or decorative film, and also decorative cloth.

EFFECT: increase of strength and stability of two-layered shells.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and architecture, namely to the development and use of decorative translucent polymer building structures in the form of shells of negative curvature.

These shells can be used as horizontal (translucent roofs), vertical (ordinary glazing), inclined (greenhouses, greenhouses), walling, as well as for the installation of suspended ceilings, decorative elements of the interior, including both external and internal (in indoor) advertising installations. From these shells it is possible to form rectangular, arched canopies, cylindrical long-span shells, as well as domed building structures.

Recently, a whole class of flat rectangular three-layer plastic panels has been produced in Russia and abroad, consisting of two fiberglass claddings (external and internal) and an intermediate insulation layer made of opaque foam.

The disadvantage of such panels is the low architectural, compositional and decorative capabilities due to the limited collection of forms: only rectangular parallelepipeds, as well as the lack of translucency [G. Rule. Spatial coverings. Per. with him. M .: SI, 1974, v. 2, pp. 191-201].

Known translucent spherical dome above the swimming pool (USA, Washington), mounted from acrylic (plexiglass) two-layer panels of various sizes, where the insulation is the air gap between the sheets of plexiglass. [Klyatis G.Ya. Current status and development prospects of building structures abroad. M .: TsINIS Gosstroy of the USSR, 1969, p. 211-212, fig. 161].

The disadvantage of this design is that the air gap has a height of 15-20 cm, which greatly increases the building height of the shell, as well as the tightness requirement.

In France, a residential building in the shape of an ellipsoid was built, assembled from three-layer panels: the middle layer is polyurethane foam, the skin is polyester fiberglass [Klyatis. - S. 217-218, Fig. 166].

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of lighting - window openings made of ordinary glass are installed.

There is a patent of the Russian Federation No. 1823910 dated 06.23.1993, “Translucent arched structure”, where between the two layers of the tent enclosure equipped with nets, an additional elastic insulation network made of polyurethane foam is placed.

The disadvantage in this design is the need to install two carrier previously tailored networks, which requires additional labor costs.

There is a well-known decision on the RF patent No. 2034971 dated 05/10/1995 “Insulated translucent fence”. According to this patent, between the two layers of translucent fencing are heat-sensitive elements made of an alloy with a "shape memory effect", operating in the field of negative temperatures. An insulated translucent coating changes its thickness depending on changes in the outdoor temperature of the ambient air. As the air temperature decreases, the insulation layer increases, and vice versa.

The disadvantage of this design is the presence of various thermosensitive elements tuned to various negative temperatures, in case of failure of at least one element, the shell geometry changes in the direction of deterioration of the bearing properties - in the case of a film coating - the possibility of snow bags, in the case of sheet materials - the opening of joints or cracks . Another disadvantage is the high cost of shape memory alloys.

Closest to the claimed solution is the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 22585864, A method of manufacturing ribbed shells of negative curvature (IPC V29C 51/02, 61/10). According to this patent, two sheets of thermoplastic (oriented and non-oriented) are laid on a spatial frame, heated to a temperature of highly elastic state of both, and then cooled. As a result, both shells acquire negative curvature, and the lower of the non-oriented sheet is ribbed.

The invention is directed to the manufacture of decoratively reinforced translucent shells of negative curvature.

The result is achieved in that in the method for manufacturing translucent decoratively reinforced shells of negative curvature, including laying and fixing on the spatial frame of two sheets of oriented thermoplastic, heating them to a temperature of a highly elastic state and subsequent cooling, unlike the prototype, they are laid both on top and bottom translucent sheets of oriented thermoplastic, and between them a decorative-reinforced network (polymer, metal, etc.) or decorative transparent fabric.

Sheets of oriented translucent thermoplastic can be made of polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plexiglass (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), PTFE and other oriented thermoplastic polymers. For convenience and simultaneous processing, polymer pairs should be single-grade, for example, PVC-PVC.

The processing of a polymer pair together with a decorative-reinforced network (polymer, metal, etc.) or decorative transparent fabric must be carried out until the highly elastic state of both polymers is reached, for example, for a pair of PMMA-PMMA - 110-150 ° С. For the remaining pairs of thermoplastics, it is necessary to select according to the tables of thermomechanical curves in accordance with current standards.

Processing time - 1-5 minutes, depending on the thickness of the starting polymer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the steps of manufacturing decoratively reinforced shells of negative curvature. Figure 1 shows the sheets of oriented thermoplastic (1, 3) and the decorative reinforcing element 2, previously curved according to the project - a contour frame 4 (in this case, two vertical arches connected to a common frame). Figure 2 shows a section 1-1 before co-heating: 1, 3 - oriented or heat-shrinkable sheets of thermoplastic (in this case, biaxially oriented PTFE), 2 - decorative reinforcing element - in this case, a polymer network or film.

Figure 3 shows the same section 1-1 after heating and achieving oriented thermoplastics (1, 3) highly elastic state. Under the influence of shrink stresses, the polymer network is also deformed. Figure 4 shows a translucent combined decorative-reinforced shell of negative curvature, consisting of the upper 1 and lower 3 layers, with an intermediate decorative 2.

A method of manufacturing a translucent decorative reinforced shell of negative curvature from oriented thermoplastics and reinforcement is implemented according to the following flow chart:

- slightly heated two sheets of thermoplastic 1 and 3 give the shape of a single curvature (in this case) - for ease of laying on the contour frame 4;

- both sheets of thermoplastic 1, 3 with a reinforcing decorative element 3 between them are securely fixed to the contour frame 4 using bolted connections or clamps 5 (Fig.2, 3);

- the entire structure (figure 2) with the laid sheets of thermoplastic and decorative reinforcing element is heated in a special chamber (not shown in the drawings) until thermoplastics (1, 3) achieve a highly elastic state;

- after cooling and removal from the contour frame and the corresponding processing of the edges, the combined translucent decorative-reinforced shell is ready for installation in an appropriate frame for use in production.

Technical appraisal and economic advantages of the invention are as follows:

- the strength and stability of a two-layer shell with an average decorative reinforcing element is much higher than that of a single and two-layer shell (about 15-30%, respectively), especially when using metal decorative reinforcement;

- due to its high strength, it is possible to use for exterior horizontal structures in the form of translucent load-bearing roofs, which is important for middle lanes with heavy snow in Russia and in the world (in particular, in Canada and Scandinavia);

- the ability to create various artistic compositions through the use of decorative reinforcing elements from metal nets, fabrics and synthetic films, as well as the possibility of making thematic panels of suspended ceilings, vertical wall structures, pops of various modern shows, theater stages, advertisements on the streets and in the interior;

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing translucent combined decoratively reinforced shells of negative curvature, including laying and fixing on the spatial frame of two sheets of oriented thermoplastic, heating them to a temperature of highly elastic state and subsequent cooling, characterized in that the translucent sheets of thermoplastic are laid on top and bottom, and decoratively between them -reinforced network, in particular, a polymer decorative film or network, thin metal reinforcement.

Images