RU2329136C2 - Device for nailing and fastening - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building.

SUBSTANCE: device for nailing and fastening relates to the sphere of hand tools and contains a frame 1 including a handle 2, with an impulse DC power supplier 3 installed there in and connected with a switcher 4. The central part of the frame 1 incorporates a hollow guiding bucker 5 furnished with a mortise 6 for guiding ledges 7 of a pan push bar 8. Front 9 and rare 10 flanges made of nonferromagnetic material are installed on ends of the guiding bucker 5; a linear motor 11 incorporating a starter 12 and an anchor 13 is arranged between them. The starter 12 contains a cylindrical iron circuit 14; along its axle on frame 15, no less than two starter windings 17 of equal length are set and connected with the impulse DC power supplier 3 according to the scheme of opposite connection. The anchor 13 is capable of sliding along the guiding bucket 5 and contains the front 18 and rare poles 19 set on a plug 20 made of magnetic soft material, which connects them. The anchor poles 18 and 19 can be made of magnetic soft material. Anchor winding is installed between them and connected with the impulse DC power supplier 3, either through brush contacts or by means of a wire. Alternatively the anchor can be made with poles of magnetic hard material (not demonstrated on fig. 1) with magnetic polarisation in radial direction, opposite for each of the poles. The anchor 13 includes additional pole made of magnetic soft material, which is located equidistant from the magnetic poles on the connective plug 20. Cylindrical surfaces of magnetic poles are furnished with radial dissections 31. On external cylindrical surfaces of the magnetic poles, short-circuited spark coils are set separately. Driving spring 25 is installed on the guiding bucket 5, with one of its ends being fixed on a thrust 26, arranged in the rare end of the guiding bucket 5, and the other end being connected with the pan push bar 8. If a driving spring is made in the form of an extension spring 25, its position provides the utmost rare position of the anchor 13. A driving spring made in the form of a compression spring 29 in its utmost front position allows for overlapping by the pan push 8 bar of the guiding channel 23 of the mechanism for nails or cramps feeding 24. In that case, the impulse DC power supplier 3 additionally contains an inverter connected to the anchor winding 21, if anchor poles 18 and 19 are made of magnetic soft material, and to the starter winding 17, if the other two magnetic poles (not demonstrated on fig. 1) are made of magnetic hard material with magnetic polarisation in radial direction, opposite for every pole. To reject the heat from the starter winding 17, the cylindrical iron circuit 14 has a complex face surface, a starter case 15 has a perforation 16, and sliding compressions are arranged on the but ends of the magnetic poles.

EFFECT: improved tool power, smaller dimensions and weight, minimum consumption of energy.

13 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of a hand tool, namely, a tool with an electromagnetic drive for hammering nails and stapling. Known hand tool with electromagnetic drive model "Air Free 25-40", developed in the US by Senco. The tool contains an electromagnetic drive with a flywheel, a shaft on which a cable is wound. The shaft has the ability to connect to the flywheel through a coupling. The cable, in turn, is associated with a striker interacting with a nail head. The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the tool, which is due to the conversion of electromagnetic energy into the translational movement of the striker through the mechanical interaction of several links, including inertial.

Disclosure of the claimed invention

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result of the invention is the direct conversion of electromagnetic energy into translational movement of the actuator during short pulses, which allowed to increase the power of the tool, significantly reduce its dimensions and weight, as well as provide minimal power consumption using a standard 110/220 V power supply or an 18-24 battery AT.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for driving nails or fastening with brackets, comprising a housing equipped with a handle with a switch, an electromagnetic drive with a return spring, a feed mechanism for nails or staples and a hammer striker located in the guide channel of the nail supply mechanism or staples, the electromagnetic drive is made in the form of a linear electric motor, equipped with a pulsed DC power source. The device has a rigidly installed hollow guide screed in the central part of the housing, on the cylindrical surface of which slots are made on the front side for the guiding protrusions of the striker. In addition, front and rear flanges of non-ferromagnetic material are installed at the ends of the guide tie. A linear electric motor consisting of a stator and an armature is placed between the flanges. The stator contains a cylindrical magnetic circuit, in which at least two equal lengths of windings are connected along the axis on the frame, connected to a pulsed DC power supply according to the on-off circuit. The ends of the stator are adjacent to the inner ends of the front and rear flanges, respectively. The anchor has the ability to slide along the guide coupler and contains two magnetic poles located on the connecting sleeve of magnetically soft material, on which the armature winding is connected between the magnetic poles, connected to a pulsed DC power source. The length of the armature is equal to the sum of the length of one stator winding, the width of the gap between the stator windings and the width of the front magnetic pole of the armature. There is a guide on the front flange for orienting and fixing the guide channel of the nail or staple feed mechanism. The return spring is placed in the guide coupler and at one end is fixed in the emphasis installed in its rear part, the other end is connected to the striker to provide the anchor with the extreme rear position. The device may have an anchor consisting of two cylindrical magnetic poles made of hard magnetic material with magnetization in the radial direction, opposite for each pole. They are placed on a connecting sleeve of soft magnetic material. In addition, the return spring can be made in the form of a compression spring located in the guide coupler. The compression spring abuts at one end against the pusher, the other against the emphasis mounted on the rear end of the guide tie, ensuring in the extreme forward position that the striker-pusher overlaps the guide channel of the nails or staples. Moreover, the switching DC power supply further comprises an inverter connected to the armature winding when using the armature in the first embodiment. In the second version of the armature, the inverter is connected to the stator winding. The anchor may contain an additional pole of soft magnetic material, which is located on the connecting sleeve equidistant from the magnetic poles. On the cylindrical surface of the magnetic poles, radial slots are made in the direction from the surface to the center. On the outer cylindrical surfaces of the front and rear magnetic poles, short-circuit induction coils are installed, isolated from the magnetic poles.

An additional technical result is the ease of maintenance of the device with the inevitable weakening of the return spring during operation. It is achieved by the fact that the emphasis to which the return spring is attached is mounted on the rear end of the guide tie and is made in the form of an adjusting screw.

To increase the efficiency of heat removal from the stator winding, the cylindrical stator magnetic circuit has a developed outer surface. To enhance this effect, the stator frame has perforation, and sliding seals are installed at the extreme ends of the magnetic poles.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The drawings show a device for driving nails or stapling, where

Figure 1 is a General view of the device in section (options 1 and 2),

Figure 2 - part of the device in the context (enlarged),

Figure 3 is a view B of figure 2,

Figure 4 - cross section of the stator magnetic circuit,

Figure 5 - sectional anchor (version with winding and brush contacts),

6 is a sectional anchor (version with poles of magnetic hard material),

7 is a General view of the device with a cut (options 3 and 4),

Fig - sectional anchor (version with induction coils),

Fig.9 is an anchor in section with additional poles,

Figure 10 - guide screed,

11 is a section of a guide tie,

Fig - electrical circuit of the device (option 1),

Fig - electrical diagram of the device (option 2),

Fig - electrical diagram of the device (option 3),

Fig - electrical circuit of the device (option 4).

The implementation of the invention

The device comprises a housing 1 with a handle 2, in which a switching DC power supply 3 is mounted, connected to a switch 4. In the central part of the housing 1, a hollow guide tie 5 is rigidly mounted, on the cylindrical surface of which there are slots 6 on the front side for the guides 7 of the striker pusher 8. At the ends of the guide tie 5, front 9 and rear 10 flanges of non-ferromagnetic material are installed, between which the linear electric motor 11 is located. The linear electric motor 11 consists of RA 12 and anchors 13. The stator 12 contains a cylindrical magnetic circuit 14 with a developed outer surface for heat dissipation. In the cylindrical magnetic circuit 14 along the axis on the frame 15 with perforation 16, at least two equal lengths of the stator windings 17 are connected, connected to a pulsed DC power supply 3 according to the on-off circuit, the stator windings 17 have the same winding direction and are connected in the opposite direction. The ends of the stator 12 are adjacent to the ends of the front 9 and rear 10 flanges, respectively.

The anchor 13 has the ability to slide along the guide tie 5 and contains two magnetic poles: the front pole 18 and the rear pole 19, which are placed on the connecting sleeve 20 made of soft magnetic material. Between the magnetic poles 18 and 19 on the sleeve 20 there is an armature winding 21 connected to a pulsed DC power supply 3. The length of the armature 13 is equal to the sum of the length “l” of one stator winding 17, the gap width “s” between the stator windings 17 and the width “h »Of the front magnetic pole 18 of the armature 13. On the front flange 9 there is a guide 22 for orienting and fixing the guide channel 23 of the nail feeding mechanism or staples 24.

In the guide screed 5, a return spring 25 is placed, which is fixed at one end in an abutment 26 installed in the rear of the guide screed 5, and is connected to the striker 8 at the other end, providing the anchor 13 with an extreme rear position.

The emphasis 26 may be made in the form of an adjusting screw mounted on the rear end of the guide tie 5.

In the second embodiment of the proposed device, the anchor 13 has a different design. It contains two cylindrical magnetic poles: the front pole 27 and the rear pole 28, which are placed on the connecting sleeve 20 of the soft magnetic material. The front magnetic pole 27 and the rear magnetic pole 28 are made of hard magnetic material with magnetization in the radial direction, opposite for each pole. The length of the anchor 13 in this embodiment is determined similarly to the first, i.e. the sum of the length of one stator winding 17, the gap width "s" between the stator windings and the width "h" of the front pole 27.

The third and fourth variants of the device differ respectively from the first and second variants by installing a return spring. In these embodiments, a compression spring 29 is used, located in the guide tie 5. It abuts at one end against the pusher 8 and the other against the emphasis 26, providing, in the extreme forward position, the striker 8 of the guide channel 23 overlays the nail feeding mechanism or staples 24 .

Anchor 13 may have an additional pole 30 of soft magnetic material, which is located on the connecting sleeve 20.

On the cylindrical surface of the magnetic poles 18, 19, 27, 28 and 30, radial slots 31 are made in the direction from the surface to the center and short-circuited induction coils 32 are installed, isolated from the magnetic poles. In the first and third embodiments of the device, the connection of the armature winding 21 with a pulsed DC power supply 3 can be via brush contacts or by wire.

Brush contacts 33 are mounted on the rear magnetic pole 19 and have the ability to interact with current-carrying tires 34, which are located on the rear side of the cylindrical surface of the guide tie 5 and connected to a pulsed DC power source 3.

The armature winding 21 can be connected to a pulsed DC power supply 3 through a wire 35. In this case, the movable part of the wire 35 is located on a spiral spring 36 located between the rear flange 10 and the rear end of the rear magnetic pole 19.

If it is necessary to hammer a nail or staples in a few strokes, the DC switching power supply 3 further comprises an inverter 37 connected to the armature winding 21 for the third embodiment of the device and connected to the stator winding 17 for the fourth embodiment.

To intensify the cooling of the stator windings, sliding seals 38 are installed at the extreme ends of the magnetic poles 18 and 19 and 27 and 28.

The device operates as follows.

In the first embodiment of the device for driving nails or stapling, the initial position of the armature 13 is the extreme rear position.

The return spring 25 ensures that the nail or bracket is in the guide channel 23 of the nail feeding mechanism 24. The end face of the pusher 8 is located behind the nail head or staple at a free travel distance selected from the conditions for optimizing the nail or staple driving parameters (depth of the head recession , the hardness of the material into which the nail is hammered). In this case, the armature 13 is located in such a way that its rear magnetic pole 19 is in the extreme position near the rear flange 10. The predetermined length of the armature 13 provides the location of the front magnetic pole 18 in the area of the second stator winding 12. When the switch 4 on the handle 2 is pressed, the pulse DC power supply 3. With the help of a hand, the device is pressed to the surface of the material into which it is necessary to hammer a nail or a bracket, and is held in this position. A voltage pulse of a certain duration (10-20 ms) is applied to the stator windings 17 and the armature winding 21. Current is supplied to the armature winding 21 through current-carrying buses 34 and brush contacts 33 or wire 35. A current is generated in the stator windings 17, creating a magnetic field along the axis of the stator windings 17. In this case, the direction of the magnetic field in adjacent stator windings is opposite due to their counter inclusion.

In the winding of the armature 21, a current arises, creating a magnetic field along the axis of the armature winding. The direction of the magnetic field of the armature winding 21 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field of the stator winding 17 in which the armature 13 is located. At the beginning of the subsequent stator winding opposite the front magnetic pole 18, the direction of the magnetic field coincides with the direction of the magnetic field of the armature winding 21.

The magnetic flux formed by the armature winding 21 passes through a magnetic circuit consisting of a magnetic circuit 14 of the stator 12, front and rear magnetic poles 18 and 19 and two working gaps between the side surfaces of the magnetic poles 18 and 19 and the stator 12, in which there is a part of the stator windings 17 and squirrel cage induction coils 32.

When the current passes through the stator windings 17 in the short-circuited induction coils 32 of the armature 13, eddy induction currents arise without supplying energy from outside, forming their own magnetic field directed opposite to the current in the opposite winding of the stator 21. Thus, there is another driving force directed towards the mechanism filing nails or staples 24. Eddy induction currents create a field of the same intensity as the field that initiates them.

The resulting forces of the electromagnetic interaction of the currents flowing in the stator windings 17 and the short-circuited induction coils 32, with the magnetic field in the working gaps, have the same direction and lead to the movement of the armature 13 towards the feed mechanism of the nail or staple 24. Moving, the armature 13 overcomes the force of the return spring 25 with an energy equal to the kinetic energy of the anchor 13 and the pusher 8, strikes a nail or a bracket located in the guide channel 23 of the feed mechanism of the nails or brackets 24, and hammers the nail or brace. After completion of the impact, the anchor 13 is returned by the spring 25 to its original position. The mechanism for supplying nails or staples 24 moves the next nail or staple into the guide channel 23.

To reduce the power consumption of the linear electric motor, the armature winding function in the second and fourth versions of the device is replaced by the operation of the front and rear magnetic poles 27 and 28 of magnetically hard material with magnetization in the radial direction.

The stator 12 and the armature 13 in these embodiments form an inductive sensor, the output electrical signal of which is a function of the position of the armature 13. An additional magnetic pole 30, mounted between the front and rear magnetic poles 18 and 19 in the first and third variants, or the front and rear poles 27 and 28 in the second and fourth embodiments, serves to reduce the magnetic flux path between the magnetic circuit 14 of the stator 12 and the armature 13, i.e. increases the magnetic conductivity of the sections of the magnetic circuit of the linear motor 11.

In the third and fourth embodiments of the device, a compression spring 29 is used. In this case, the initial position of the armature 13 is the frontmost position at the front flange 9. When a voltage pulse of a given polarity is supplied from a switching DC power supply 3 with inverter 37, the armature 13 begins to move from the feed mechanism nails or brackets 24, compresses the compression spring 29. The pusher 8, moving along the slots 6 of the guide tie 5 with the anchor 13, releases the guide channel 23, into which the nail or bracket is fed from the feed mechanism Sports or staples 24. The compression force of the spring 29 is chosen from the condition of sufficient energy of the armature 13 to allow it to move to its rearmost position. At this moment, the compression spring 29 has a supply of energy converted from the movement of the armature 13. The armature 13 begins to reverse due to the efforts of the compression spring 29. Simultaneously with the beginning of the forward movement, a voltage pulse of a given polarity is supplied to the stator windings 17 and the armature winding 21, resulting in a resultant electromagnetic force, in the direction coinciding with the direction of action of the force of the compression spring 29. Anchor 13 under the action of the total forces moves to the guide channel 23 and through the pusher 8 hits the nail or bracket. The energy of such a shock exceeds the energy of the shock in the devices according to the first and second options. If the energy is insufficient to completely hammer a nail, the next voltage pulse is supplied from a switching DC power supply 3 with inverter 37. A cycle of movements occurs, consisting in compression of the spring 29, subsequent polarity reversal of the voltage pulse on the stator windings 17 and the armature winding 21 (for the third version of the device), the movement of the anchor 13 under the action of the total forces and the impact on an unloaded nail or staple.

When the armature 13 moves, the moving sliding seals 38 intensify the cooling of the stator winding 17 by the air entering through the perforation 16 on the stator frame 15.

The developed outer surface of the magnetic circuit 14 also increases heat dissipation.

An advantage of the claimed device is that the necessary energy for driving a nail or staple is accumulated in the form of kinetic energy of the mass of the moving elements of the armature 13, the striker 8 and is perceived by the nail, which is part of this system. The kinetic energy of the nail is many times less than the energy of the system. Therefore, in the case of a blow “into the air” (a blow by a nail past or a blow to a brittle plaster), the nail leaves the guide channel 23 of the mechanism for supplying nails or brackets 24 with very low energy, determined by the mass of the nail, and does not pose a danger to work.

If there is insufficient energy to hammer a nail with one blow, the nail partially remains in the guide channel 23 and shuts off the supply of the next nail.

The device according to the third and fourth options provides the supply of short multidirectional pulses after 30-40 ms. At the same time, the working person does not feel the number of strokes (2-3 strokes are necessary) produced at the indicated speed, and perceives them as one blow.

In addition, the simplicity and unification of the linear electric motor 11 for driving nails or staples of various types and sizes is provided.

Industrial applicability

Thus, the proposed device has increased security, optimal weight and dimensions, with low power consumption allows you to use a household standard network 110/220 V or DC battery 18-24 V.

Claims (13)

1. A device for hammering nails or stapling, comprising a housing equipped with a handle with a switch, in which an electromagnetic drive with a return spring is installed, a feed mechanism for nails or staples and a pusher-pusher located in the guide channel of the feed mechanism for nails or staples, characterized in that the electromagnetic drive is made in the form of a linear electric motor equipped with a pulsed DC power source, a hollow guide tie is rigidly mounted in the central part of the housing, on the cylinder the surface of which on the front side facing the feed mechanism of nails or staples, slots are made for the guiding protrusions of the striker, the front and rear flanges of non-ferromagnetic material are installed at its ends, between which there is a linear electric motor, which consists of a stator and an armature, the stator contains a cylindrical magnetic circuit in which at least two windings of equal length are installed along the axis on the frame, connected to a pulsed DC power supply according to the oncoming circuit inclusion, and the ends of the stator are adjacent respectively to the inner ends of the front and rear flanges, the anchor is made with the possibility of sliding along the guide coupler. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two magnetic poles placed on a connecting sleeve of soft magnetic material on which a winding is connected between the magnetic poles connected to a pulsed DC power supply, while the armature length is equal to the sum the length of one stator winding, the width of the gap between the stator windings and the width of the front magnetic pole of the armature, on the front flange there is a guide for orienting and fixing the guide channel of the nail feed mechanism or staples, return Jin placed in the guide and a coupler at one end is fixed in abutment, set in the rear of the covering, the other end is connected to the firing pin plunger-armature secured rearmost position. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two cylindrical magnetic poles made of magnetically hard material with magnetization in the radial direction, opposite to each pole, and placed on a connecting sleeve of magnetically soft material, the length the armature is equal to the sum of the length of the stator winding, the width of the gap between the stator windings and the width of the front magnetic pole of the armature, on the front flange there is a guide for orienting and fixing the guide channel of the nails or staples feed mechanism, and the return spring is placed in the guide coupler and at one end it is fixed in an emphasis mounted on the back of the coupler, and the other is connected to the striker-pusher providing the anchor with the extreme rear position. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two magnetic poles placed on a sleeve connecting them made of soft magnetic material on which the armature winding is located between the magnetic poles, while the armature length is the sum of the length of one stator winding, width the gap between the stator windings and the width of the front magnetic pole of the armature, on the front flange there is a guide for orienting and fixing the guide channel of the nails or staples feed mechanism, the return spring is made in the form of a compression spring, located in the guide coupler, and rests at one end against the pusher, the other against the stop mounted on the rear end of the guide coupler, ensuring that the guide channel of the nail or staple feed mechanism overlaps with the striker in the extreme forward position, with a pulsed DC power supply further comprises an inverter connected to the armature winding. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two cylindrical magnetic poles made of magnetically hard material with magnetization in the radial direction, opposite to each pole, and placed on the connecting sleeve of magnetically soft material, the length the armature is equal to the sum of the length of the stator winding, the width of the gap between the stator windings and the width of the front magnetic pole of the armature, on the front flange there is a guide for orientation and fixation of the guide channel of the nail feeding mechanism or staples, and the return spring is made in the form of a compression spring located in the guide screed, and rests against one end of the pusher, the other against the stop mounted on the rear end of the screed, ensuring that the guide channel of the nail supply or staples is blocked in the extreme forward position of the pusher wherein the switching DC power supply further comprises an inverter connected to the stator winding. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the anchor contains an additional pole of soft magnetic material located equidistant from the magnetic poles on the connecting sleeve. 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the front and rear magnetic poles there are short-circuited induction coils isolated from the magnetic poles. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that radial slots are made on the cylindrical surface of the magnetic poles in the direction from the surface to the center. 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the emphasis is mounted on the rear end of the guide tie and is made in the form of an adjusting screw. 10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stator frame is perforated, and sliding seals are installed at the extreme ends of the magnetic poles. 11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cylindrical stator magnetic circuit has a developed outer surface for removing heat from the stator windings. 12. The device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the armature winding is connected to a pulsed DC power source through brush contacts mounted on the rear magnetic pole and interacting with current-carrying tires located on the rear side of the cylindrical surface of the guide tie and connected to a switching DC power supply. 13. A device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the armature winding is connected to a pulsed DC power source by a wire, the movable part of which is located between the rear flange and the rear end of the rear magnetic pole on a spiral spring.

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