RU2327873C1 - Method for comprehensive development of complex ore fields - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method includes the subterranean development of field with use of the chamber systems with the solid stowing and following refinement of the ore mass at the ore mill in the following stages. At the beginning, the ore recovering from the first-stage chamber (4) is performed. The ore pickings from the first-stage chamber (4) are processed to concentrate and final tailings. The tailings are processed to pellets. From the pellets, two workflows are formed, the first pellet flow is exposed to the heap leaching, and the second pellet flow is conditioned until the required mechanical characteristics. On completion of the leaching process, the pellets of the first workflow are mixed with binding agent and water, to receive the fill mixture, the fill mixture is sent to the first-stage chambers (4) until filling; after the fill mixture is solidified, the ore recovering from the second-stage chamber (5) is performed, the chamber's bottom is strengthened and prepared with the solidifying mixture which is prepared using the waste from the heap leaching; pellets of the second workflow are sent to the chamber with their following subterranean leaching.

EFFECT: comprehensive and complex development of minerals and ecologic-economic effects are provided.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining and, in particular, to the integrated development and use of the subsoil of mineral deposits.

Currently, deposits of polymetallic ores are developed using the following technologies: they mine ore by open and (or) underground methods, ore is mined to the surface, transported to an enrichment plant and processed by beneficiation methods to obtain concentrates and tailings. In practice, tailings are stored in tailings. These technologies are known and universally applied.

At some enterprises, in the development of deposits, poor dump ores and tailings are partially used as a material for laying underground chambers (V.N. Kalmykov, M.V. Rylnikova, G.I. Borodin, V.K.Lukichev. Research and development work during the construction and operation of production facilities of Uchalinsky GOK OJSC // Mining Journal. 2004. - No. 6. - P.31-36).

At the same time, valuable components that are irretrievably lost in the mined underground space are not extracted from poor ores and tails.

The literature describes low-waste mining and processing technology based on underground complexes. In this case, the tailings are used to lay the worked out space in the form of granules. Pellets are placed in the developed chambers of the second stage and are leached in the future. The primary chambers are filled with concrete (Yu.D. Schwartz, R.I. Semigin, I.S. Zitser, D.S. Kutuzov. Non-waste mining and processing production based on underground complexes // Mining Journal. - 1992. - No. 5. - S. 42-45).

The disadvantages of the described technology is the complexity of its practical implementation, because the underground space is operated for a certain time, after which it is flooded by mine waters, and the leaching process in underground conditions becomes impossible. In addition, there are no technical solutions for conducting work in the chambers of the second stage during the leaching of valuable components.

There is a method for the integrated development and use of subsoil RU 2188945. In accordance with this method, two groups of chambers are determined on the worked out area of the ore field for their laying by production waste separated by fractions, the direction and sequence of laying the chambers are determined, the stream of mining waste sent to the tailings is divided to sand and pulp fractions, forming filling material, and each stream is separately directed to chambers intended for filling. When two adjacent completely separated chambers are completely filled with a water-saturated sandy bookmark, the maximum mining of the inter-chamber pillars formed by the pairs of chambers (secondary chambers), the maximum permissible by mountain conditions of the pillar, is carried out, while the front of mining operations is promoted as the adjacent pairs of chambers are filled with filling material, the partial mining of the pillars secondary chambers are driven with ore breaking by parallel wells or fans of wells from horizontal or rising workings, in addition, when Otke pillars secondary chambers symmetrically with respect to their longitudinal axis is removed share inventory equal in magnitude to the relative increase in the bearing capacity of the pillar due to bilateral lateral thrust from packing material in the filled chambers.

The disadvantages of this method include the use of mining waste containing valuable components in the bookmark. This approach limits the possibility of using industrial waste as promising sources of mineral raw materials.

The objective of the invention is to increase the completeness and complexity of the development of mineral resources in the development of deposits of polymetallic ores while ensuring a high environmental and economic effect from the development of the deposit.

The problem is solved by the method of integrated development of a polymetallic ore deposit, including underground mining of the deposit by chamber systems with hardening, followed by ore processing at the beneficiation plant, in accordance with which ore is first extracted from the first-stage chamber, ore selected from the first-stage chambers is processed to obtain concentrate and tailings, tailings are processed into pellets, two process streams are formed from the obtained pellets, the first stream of pellets is subjected to heap leaching, the second stream of pellets is maintained until the required mechanical characteristics are set, after the leaching process is completed, the pellets of the first process stream are mixed with a binder and water to obtain a filling mixture, the filling mixture is sent to the first-stage chambers until they are filled and hardened, after hardening filling mixture carry out the extraction of ore from the chamber of the second stage, hardening the bottom of the chamber hardening mixture prepared on the basis of waste uchnogo leach feed pellets in the chamber of the second process stream and subsequent in situ leaching of said pellets.

In particular embodiments of the invention, after underground leaching, a backfill mixture is added to the second stage chamber until the chamber is full.

The cycle of operations is repeated.

Productive solutions obtained after heap and underground leaching are processed in a single cycle.

The invention consists in the following.

The method of integrated development of polymetallic ore deposits is a combination and a strict sequence of methods, processes and operations of impacting the rock mass and ore mass, which until now was not known in mining.

The method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a flow chart of the integrated development of a polymetallic ore deposit.

Positions indicate the following:

1 - ventilation barrel;

2 - ventilation and filling horizon;

3 - ventilating and uprising;

4 - cameras of the first stage;

5 - cameras of the second stage;

6 - delivery drift;

7 - trench ort;

8 - ore passing;

9 - an array of pellets;

10 - cross-country;

11 - skip trunk;

12 - stand trunk;

13 - processing plant;

14 - filling complex;

15 - heap leaching site;

16 - recultivated quarry:

The method is as follows.

1. The development of the deposit is carried out underground using chamber systems with a hardening laying of the worked out space.

2. The extracted ore is brought to the surface and processed at the processing plant to obtain concentrates and tailings that are not dumped into the tailing dump.

3. The tailings are subjected to thickening, filtration and drying. Tails dehydrated to a moisture content of 3-5% are pelletized. When pelletizing, binder additives are introduced into the composition of the pelletizing mixture. Thus, in the structure of an enrichment factory processing ores of polymetallic ore deposits, a pelletizing workshop is being designed. As a result of pelletization in the technological process of the concentration plant, structures (pellets) that are stable during leaching are obtained. Thus, instead of the solid-liquid pulp previously discharged to the tailings from the processing plant, pellets arrive.

4. The liquid phase of the tailings obtained as a result of thickening and filtration is not discharged into the environment, but is localized in storage tanks located on the industrial site of the processing plant. Water is subjected to periodic treatment and is used in the circulation of the processing plant.

5. Pellets coming from the processing plant are divided into two process streams - the first and second.

6. The first process stream of pellets (up to 63% of the total volume) immediately after pelletizing is sent to specially prepared waterproofing sites 15 near the concentration plant and stacked. Implement the process of heap leaching of metals from pelletized tailings. To extract metals, acid mine waters (basement, mine, quarry, etc.) are used, which are acidified with sulfuric acid. The composition of the solutions is controlled in part:

- redox potential of the solution Eh≥0.1 V;

- the pH of the solution is pH≤2;

- the content of non-ferrous, rare, precious metals and trace elements (conditions are established depending on the grade of ore being processed).

7. The productive leaching solutions are processed with the extraction of a wide range of non-ferrous, rare, precious metals and trace elements. To do this, use the technology of ion exchange sorption, extraction, electrolysis.

8. Finished products after processing productive multicomponent solutions within the mining enterprise are: metallic copper, liquid collective sorption concentrates of other non-ferrous, noble and rare metals, dispersed elements. The unit for the preparation and processing of leach solutions is included in the structure of the processing plant 13.

9. After completion of the heap leaching process, the pellets of the first process stream from the spent heap are sent in the amount of 20% to the filling complex 14, where they are mixed with binders and water in the mixer without any preliminary preparatory operations. The filling mixture prepared in this way is sent along the filling hole to the mined-out space of the underground chambers 4 of the first stage.

10. Make a complete bookmark of the cameras 4 of the first stage. Thus, a durable artificial massif is formed, the main part of which is spent pellets after heap leaching.

11. After the set of standard strength by artificial mass, ore is mined in chambers 5 of the second stage. To do this, the entire length of the chambers 5 of the second stage passes a cutting gap, they drill an array with a fan of wells, they perform breaking, release and rolling of the ore mass.

12. After ore extraction is completed, in the chambers 5 of the second stage, a hardened supporting layer-bottom of the chambers is formed, which ensures the stability of the array during the underworking. The bottom is designed to form and leach an array of pellets in underground conditions. The bottom of the chamber is formed by filling the bottom of the chamber with a hardening mixture prepared on the basis of heap leaching waste in a volume of 1-5%.

13. After curing with the bottom of the chamber, it is drilled with a system of deviated wells with a diameter of 75-105 mm from trench orts. Fans of wells are located after 5 meters along the entire length of the chamber.

14. The wells are cased with pipes made of acid-resistant material, and connected to the main pipeline, which is located along the entire length of the chamber in a trench ort. The main pipeline serves for collecting and gravity transporting productive solutions along the discharge drift to the local water collector.

15. Pipelines are mounted from the local water collector to ensure the circulation of productive solutions. The solution is supplied to the overlying horizon for irrigation of the second stage chambers by a submersible pump from the floor sump. The total length of the pipes of the irrigation system is determined by the size of the block.

16. Plastic pipes are performed by sectors interconnected by couplings, which allows them to be used after leaching a specific chamber to work out the rest.

17. After completing the installation of the irrigation system in the chambers, a layer of quartz sand with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 m is poured from the arrivals of the ventilation and filling horizon 2 using throwing machines, which serves as an artificial bed for further filling of pellets in order to prevent them from splitting during the fall.

18. The second process stream of pellets from the processing plant is sent to the pellet storage warehouse. Storage is carried out until a set of required mechanical characteristics is carried out within 60-90 days. During this time, the pellets become mechanically strong, withstand shock loads when dropped from a height of up to 40 meters.

19. Pellets that have gained the required mechanical characteristics are loaded into trolleys and transported to the mine along the cage barrel. After passing to the underlying horizon, the pellets are delivered by loading and delivery machines to the arrivals of the ventilation and filling horizon and loaded into the chambers 5 of the second stage. Dumping is carried out on both sides of the races of the annular drift 6 to a certain point, while the pellets crumble at an angle of repose. The funnel formed in this process is filled up with the help of propelling machines until the layer is horizontally aligned.

20. After the formation of an array of pellets in the chambers 5 of the second stage, airtight bridges are installed in the races, behind which sprinklers of leaching solutions of various radiuses are placed. The maximum spray distance is half the length of the chamber, the minimum is 0.5-1 meter.

21. Make a cyclical irrigation of an array of pellets placed in the worked out space of the second stage chambers. For irrigation use solutions of the composition described in paragraph 6. The collection of productive solution is carried out on a previously mounted pipeline system.

22. The metal-saturated solution is sent to the solution processing workshop in a single cycle with the leaching solutions of the pellets of the first process stream.

23. After the completion of the underground leaching in the underground chambers, the irrigation system is dismantled, the unfilled space is re-laid with the hardening mixture supplied from the filling complex, which has the same composition as is used for laying the first-stage chambers.

24. Excessive volume of pellets after heap leaching, remaining after laying operations in chambers 4, 5 of the first and second stages, is sent for disposal in open pit mine 16 or, in compliance with sanitary standards, can be sold as an additional marketable product to the construction industry.

25. In the future, the cycle of work on the extraction and concentration of ore, processing of waste and leaching productive solutions, preparation of the filling mixture and the formation of an artificial array in the worked out space of the chambers of the first and second stage is repeated.

The method of integrated development of deposits of polymetallic ores allows you to:

- increase the completeness and complexity of field development;

- increase the level of extraction of useful components and provide mining enterprises with additional marketable products;

- implement a dry, environmentally friendly method of short-term storage of waste at specially prepared landfills;

- control the quality of stored raw materials at the outlet of the processing plant;

- use the waste of heap leaching of pellets as a filler of a hardening filling mixture for laying primary underground chambers;

- abandon the construction and operation of tailings.

The social effect of the introduction of technology will be determined:

- improvement of conditions and ensuring the safety of work due to the formation of artificial arrays with specified mechanical characteristics;

- increasing the completeness of the use of subsoil due to the additional development of reserves in the left pillars, as well as due to the possibility of reducing the condition for ore at a lower cost for its extraction;

- improving the condition and appearance of the territory around industrial facilities due to the rejection of the construction and use of tailings;

- improving the health status of residents of mining villages by reducing the migration of heavy metals and harmful elements into the environment when they are extracted using leaching methods.

The implementation of the technology allows to obtain an environmental effect by reducing the pollution of the territory and the migration of heavy metals into the environment.

Claims (4)

1. A method for the integrated development of a polymetallic ore deposit, including underground mining of the deposit with chamber systems with hardening, followed by processing of ore mass at the beneficiation plant, characterized in that the ore is first excavated from the first-stage chamber, the ore selected from the first-stage chambers is processed to produce concentrate and tailings, tailings are processed into pellets, two process streams are formed from the obtained pellets, the first stream of pellets is subjected to leaching, the second stream of pellets is maintained until the required mechanical characteristics are set, after the leaching process is completed, the pellets of the first process stream are mixed with a binder and water to obtain a filling mixture, the filling mixture is sent to the chambers of the first stage until they are filled, after solidification of the filling mixture, the ore is extracted from chambers of the second stage, hardening and preparation of the bottom of this chamber with a hardening mixture prepared on the basis of heap leaching waste, feeding into the chambers in the pellets of the second process stream and subsequent underground leaching of said pellets. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after underground leaching, the filling mixture is added to the second stage chamber until the chamber is filled. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cycle of operations is repeated. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the productive solutions obtained after heap and underground leaching are processed in a single cycle.