RU2327036C2 - Excavation method of thick formations of mineral resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: debugging area of slope mine is divided into blocks of mineral resources. Blocks are prepared to debugging carrying out development workings 4-7. Blocks debugging are made consequently with long faces, equipped with scouring mechanised systems 2, without leaving between blocks mineral resources pillars. After termination of scouring works in long faces mechanised systems 2 are dismantled. At closing stage of block debugging after face finding 1 in one line with selvage a-b of mineral resources massive, appeared while block debugging which has the common boundary o-k with debugging block, scouring works are continued till upper roof rock fall in developed face bay and till face rock refuse 1 on its middle bay from fraction openings 3, appeared in upper roof while rock falling, on the distance b, equal to the width of face area.

EFFECT: costs decreasing connected with accomplishing of assembling-dismantling works, as well as a time cutting of their accomplishing and safety improving.

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Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in underground mining of mineral strata, mainly coal and salt, with lavas (long working faces) equipped with treatment mechanized complexes.

A known method of developing mineral deposits (ed. Certificate. No. 1434109, Bul.40, 1988. Authors: Zubov VP, Lazchenko KN, Melkov AD, Ivanov AA), including the separation of mining section of the mine field on the pillars of minerals (hereinafter the pillars, pillar work out with one lava), the development of which is carried out by lavas. To prepare the pillars for excavation, local preparatory workings are held. Pillars work out sequentially without leaving between them pillars of minerals. After completion of the pillar mining, the treatment equipment in the lava is dismantled.

The disadvantages of this method are the significant cost of dismantling, the long duration of their implementation and the increased risk of labor for miners when mining powerful (more than 3.5 m) formations with lavas equipped with mechanized complexes.

A known method of developing mineral strata using mechanized complexes (RF patent No. 2101497 for the invention “Method for the development of mineral strata”. Authors: V.P. Zubov, A.B.Sokolov, A.E. Kononova, V.V. Karin , Bull. No. 1, 1998), adopted as a prototype method. This method includes dividing the worked out section of the mine field into poles, preparing the pillars by conducting precast preparatory workings and sequential mining of the pillars without leaving between them pillars of minerals. Pillars work out with lavas equipped with mechanized complexes. At the final stage of working out the column, the lava treatment operations are stopped when the face of the lava is in line with the edge part of the mineral array that was formed earlier when working out the column, which has a common border with the worked column. After the cessation of lavage, the dismantling of mechanized complexes is carried out.

The disadvantages of this method are the significant costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex after completion of the pillars, the long duration of the dismantling work and their increased danger. To the greatest extent, these shortcomings are manifested in the development of mineral strata with a thickness of more than 3.0-3.5 m. This is largely due to the increased degree of destruction of the rocks of the immediate and main roofs and the associated outfalls of rocks from the roof during dismantling. The use of the known prototype method in the development of powerful mineral deposits is characterized by the need to erect additional lining in dismantling chambers and the high probability of losing expensive sections of mechanized lining during caving of the main roof.

The technical result of the proposed method is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known method, namely reducing costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex, reducing the time it takes to dismantle and increasing their safety.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing powerful mineral strata, including dividing the mined section of the mine field into poles, preparing the posts by conducting preparatory workings, sequential mining of the posts without leaving pillars of minerals between them with lavas equipped with mechanized complexes, and dismantling the mechanized complexes after the cessation of lavage in lavas, according to the invention at the final stage of mining the column ( when approaching the lava to the boundary of the mined section of the mine field) after the face of the lava is in line with the edge of the mineral array, formed earlier when mining a column that has a common border with the mined column, the treatment work continues until the main roof rocks collapse in the mined-out lava space and the lava face in the middle section from the fracture crack formed in the main roof during its collapse by a distance equal to the width of the bottomhole space of the lava.

The essence of the proposed method for the development of powerful layers of minerals is illustrated by the schemes presented in figure 1-3.

Figure 1 is a diagram explaining the location of the face of the lava after the cessation of treatment operations in it relative to the boundary of the mined space that had formed earlier during mining of a nearby pillar, as well as relative to the fracture fracture formed in the main roof when it collapsed.

Figure 2 shows a diagram explaining the location of the fracture of the fault formed in the main roof during its collapse, relative to the face of the lava after the cessation of treatment works using the known prototype method.

Figure 3 is a diagram explaining the location of the fault crack formed in the main roof when it collapses, relative to the sections of the lining of the mechanized complex after the cessation of cessation in the lava.

Figure 1-3: 1 - the face of the lava; 2 - mechanized support; 3 - a fracture crack formed in the main roof during its collapse; 4-7 - local preparatory workings; Z is the width of the pillar between parallel precinct preparatory workings 4 and 5, 6 and 7; l is the distance between the face of the lava and the edge of the mineral array, formed earlier during the development of the column, which has a common border with the worked column; a-b - the edge of the array of minerals, formed earlier during the development of the column, which has a common border with the worked column; ok - the common border of worked and previously worked pillars; c is the distance between the face of the lava in its middle section and the fracture of the fault formed in the main roof during its collapse; b is the width of the bottomhole space of the lava; h _n - thickness of rocks of the direct roof; h _o - thickness of the rocks of the main roof; L is the step of the collapse of the rocks of the main roof.

The columns during the implementation of the proposed method can be prepared both single and parallel (Fig.1-3) precinct preparatory workings, separated entirely by a mineral of width Z.

The method is as follows. The mine section of the mine field is divided into mineral columns. A mineral column is prepared for mining by conducting local preparatory workings. Pillars are worked out sequentially by lavas equipped with mechanized complexes. In figure 1, above the line ka, the pillar is worked out, below the line ka, one pillar is worked out. Line k-a is the common border of the indicated pillars. Mineral targets do not leave between pillars.

At the final stage of working out the column after the face of the lava is on the same line with the edge part (a b, Fig. 1) of the mineral array formed earlier when mining the pillar, which has a common border (k-a, Fig. 1) with the worked out column, cleaning works continue until the collapse of the rocks of the main roof in the worked out space of the lava and the face of the lava in its middle section departs from the fracture crack formed in the main roof when it collapses, to a distance equal to the width of the face of the lava. After the completion of the pillars, the mechanized complexes are dismantled.

The continuation of treatment works (working out the pillar) until the main roof rocks collapsed in the worked out lava space after the face of 1 lava (Fig. 1) was in line with the edge part of the ab mineral array, it can significantly improve the condition of the roof in the dismantling chamber and ultimately reduce the costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex, reduce the duration of the dismantling work and improve the safety of miners. This is because when using the proposed method (in contrast to the prototype method, Fig. 2), the rock layers of the main roof on the lava section adjacent to the preparatory mine 7 have two supports - an array of minerals in front of the face of the lava and an array of minerals above line a-o (figure 1). Under such conditions, the rock layers of the main roof are characterized by large maximum permissible outcrops and practically do not transmit rock pressure to the rocks of the direct roof in the lava area adjacent to the preparatory mine 7. Fault 3 of the fault formed in the main roof when it collapses in the lava adjacent to the preparatory mine 7, is located outside the bottomhole space of the lava. Consequently, the rocks of the main roof collapsing in the worked-out space do not adversely affect the condition of the roof at the sites of dismantling.

As you move away from the edge sections of the lava to its middle part, the distance from the fracture of fault 3 (Fig. 1) to the bottom of the lava decreases. In the middle sections of the lava, a fault crack in the main roof during its collapse can form above the face of the lava. In order to eliminate the negative influence of subsidence of rock blocks of the main roof on dismantling work in the lava, the pillar mining after collapse of the main roof rocks is continued until the face of the lava in its middle section departs from fracture 3 (Fig. 3) by a distance equal to the width of the bottom hole b . When this condition is met, the cantilever of the main roof, length C, located above the bottomhole space of the lava, serves as an overlap, eliminating increased loads on the rocks of the immediate roof and their additional destruction. Maintaining the stability of the rocks of the direct and main roofs in the middle sections of the lava can significantly reduce the costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex, reduce the duration of the dismantling work and increase the safety of miners.

The location relative to the face of the lava of fracture cracks 3 (Fig. 1) formed in the main roof when it collapses, in each case, is determined using well-known methods of mine, laboratory or analytical studies, taking into account specific geological and mining conditions of the formation mineral resource. In particular, with a small (up to 1.5-2.0 m) thickness of the rocks of the immediate roof, the location of the faults in the main roof is determined by visual observations.

By ensuring the stability of the rocks of the main and direct roofs, the use of the proposed method can significantly reduce the costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex, and the duration of the dismantling in lavas. This increases the safety of miners. So, in the conditions of the Raspadskaya mine, the costs associated with the dismantling of the mechanized complex "Joy" and the duration of the dismantling work are reduced by 1.3 and 1.7 times, respectively.

The maximum effect when using the proposed method is achieved when mining mineral strata with a thickness of more than 3.0-3.5 m with an angle of 0-32 °. With increasing depth of mining operations, the effectiveness of the use of the proposed method increases.

Claims (1)

A method for developing powerful mineral strata, including dividing a mined section of a mine field into mineral columns, preparing columns by conducting precast workings, sequential mining of columns without leaving pillars between them with lavas equipped with mechanized complexes, and dismantling mechanized complexes after termination in lavas treatment works, characterized in that at the final stage of mining the column after finding the face Ava on the same line with the edge of the mineral mass formed during mining of a column that has a common border with the mining column, treatment work continues until the rocks of the main roof in the worked out space of the lava and the bottom of the lava leave the middle section from the fracture formed in the main the roof during its collapse, to a distance equal to the width of the bottomhole space of the lava.

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