RU2325806C2 - Fungicide and growth stimulating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of agriculture. The fungicide and growth stimulating composition consists of cupric sulphate (0.5%), amber acid (1%), aqua ammoniae or potassium hydroxide water solution (1%) and water the rest.

EFFECT: fungicide efficacy intensification, attenuation of the scorching effect exercised on the foliage by cupric sulphate, as well as plant growth and development stimulation.

2 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to stimulate the growth of crops and protect them from fungal diseases.

Known copper-containing fungicides: chlorine, copper oxide, copper sulfate, a mixture of copper sulfate with lime - Bordeaux liquid ("Chemical protection of plants. Edited by G. S. Gruzdeva, 1987. - S. 242-246). A disadvantage of the known compounds is a strong cauterizing effect, poor solubility in water and the absence of the effect of foliar stimulation of growth activity.

Closest to the claimed tool is a copper-containing fungicidal composition, including, wt.%: Copper oxide - 0.6-1.2; acetic acid - 0.7-1.4; ammonia (solution) - 1.8-3.6%; water - the rest (A. Trunin and others. Patent RU 2123785 C1 of 12/27/1998).

The specified copper-containing fungicide is highly soluble in water, has a high protective effect and the effect of foliar feeding. However, the disadvantage of this composition is the use of acetic acid in it, which, based on its pharmacological characteristics, impairs the metabolism of living cells and therefore cannot have a positive effect on the growth activity and resistance of foliage to adverse environmental influences.

To eliminate the above disadvantages, a copper-containing fungicidal composition is proposed that is highly soluble in water and has a pronounced growth-promoting and fungicidal effect. The composition includes copper sulfate - 0.5%, succinic acid - 1%, ammonia solution - 1% or potassium hydroxide - 1%. The inclusion in the composition of succinic acid, which is a universal biogenic stimulator of metabolism of a living cell, makes it possible to increase the initial growth activity of plants and the fungicidal activity of copper sulfate with a decrease in its working concentration to 0.5%.

Example 1. To prepare the fungicidal composition used 50 liters of water in which 50 g of succinic acid was dissolved. To the resulting (1%) succinic acid solution was added 25.0 g (0.5%) of copper sulfate. By stirring, rapid dissolution of copper sulfate was achieved. Succinic acid, entering into a chemical reaction with copper sulfate, formed a transparent composition of copper succinate (salt of succinic acid) evenly, with a dark shade of blue. To neutralize the increased acidity of the solution, 10% potassium hydroxide was used. The experiments showed that in order to completely neutralize the increased acidity in the fungicidal composition, the concentration of potassium hydroxide should be 1.0%.

The biological activity of the obtained composition was studied in tests for harmlessness, growth-promoting and fungicidal activity.

In tests for harmlessness and growth-stimulating activity, early seedlings of rye and potato were used, as well as foliage of apple trees 3 days after opening the kidneys. As an active control, aqueous solutions of copper sulfate and succinic acid were used in a similar concentration. Plots of rye, potato and 3 apple trees served as passive control.

Using a knapsack sprayer, the selected plots of plants and leaves of apple trees selected for the experiments were sprayed once with the indicated preparations. The results of the observation showed that after 7 days the foliage area of both apple trees treated with a fungicidal composition and 1% succinic acid was 75-80% higher than that of the leaves of control trees. In general, the complete formation of leaf area after treatment with a fungicidal composition and succinic acid occurred 9-10 days earlier than in copper sulfate-treated and intact apple trees. It should be noted that spraying young foliage with a fungicidal composition of the indicated concentration in isolated cases caused a slight cauterizing effect. This indicated that a copper concentration of up to 0.5% in this composition is at the upper limit.

The growth activity after spraying with the fungicidal composition and succinic acid of rye and potato was not so pronounced, however, on the 10th day of observation it exceeded by 15-20% the same indicator in the control plots treated with copper sulfate and in the plot not subjected to spraying.

This trend continued in the following days of observation. At the same time, the cauterizing effect of copper sulfate and a fungicidal composition on the leaves of potatoes and rye was not noted.

Thus, the proposed solution of the fungicidal composition in a single treatment allowed to increase the early growth activity of the foliage of apple trees by 75-80%, rye and potatoes by 15-20%. In this case, the processed foliage of rye and potato did not have damage from the action of the proposed fungicidal composition with a slight cauterizing effect on the foliage of apple trees.

Laboratory experiments established that paper disks impregnated with a fungicidal composition containing 0.5% copper sulfate caused a suppression of the growth of crops on blood agar of the microorganism Fusabacterium necroforum within 20-22 mm against 10-12 mm around disks impregnated with copper sulfate 0.5 % concentration. This convincingly testified that the combination of succinic acid and copper sulfate allows not less than double the bactericidal activity of the latter. It should be noted that growth retardation of microorganisms of 20 mm or more around paper disks soaked, for example, with antibiotics, indicates their high bacteriostatic activity.

Example 2. To prepare the fungicidal composition used 45 liters of water in which 50 g of succinic acid was dissolved. To the resulting succinic acid solution was added 25.0 g of copper sulfate.

The increased acidity of the fungicidal composition was neutralized by adding 1300 ml of a 25% solution of ammonia (ammonia water). A final solution amount of 50 L was obtained by adding ordinary water. The resulting final composition of the drug had a pronounced blue color. During prolonged storage at the bottom, a precipitate formed that was readily soluble with stirring.

Using similar approaches to that in Example 1, we tested the proposed composition for harmlessness and growth-promoting activity. At the same time, it was found that the fungicidal composition with the addition of ammonia as an alkali had a more positive effect on the growth-promoting activity of apple foliage compared to a composition in which a 10% potassium hydroxide solution was used to neutralize the increased acidity. The final leaf formation was completed on average 2 days earlier than when treated with the fungicidal composition prepared in Example 1. Cauterization of the leaf surface of apple trees with a fungicidal composition containing 0.5% copper sulfate was not noted.

The processed rye and potato foliage exceeded the growth rate on plots sprayed with the fungicidal composition described in example 1 by an average of 5-10%. The damaging effect of the compared solutions of fungicidal compositions on rye and potato foliage was not noted.

The protective efficacy of the proposed fungicidal composition, including a solution of 0.5% copper sulfate, 1% succinic acid, 1% ammonia, was evaluated in a comparative experiment with a copper-containing fungicidal composition prepared, as described in the analogue, in the field, by spraying experimental potato plots varieties of lasunoks. The control was the plot of potatoes, on which spraying was not carried out. The area of each plot was 20 m ² , the treatment of experimental plots was carried out in the flowering phase, twice with an interval of 12 days.

Visual observations showed that the spraying of potato foliage with the proposed concentration of fungicidal composition did not damage it. Moreover, the growing season increased by an average of 10-12 days, which indicated an increase in the anti-stress activity of foliage to adverse weather conditions.

The effect of suppressing late blight on an experimental plot of potato treated with the proposed fungicidal composition was more than 4 times higher than that of potatoes treated with 0.1% copper-containing fungicidal composition of the solution - copper sulfate, and 8-9 times relative to potatoes on the control plot.

Table 1 Fungicidal and growth-promoting activity of copper-containing agents when tested on potato cultivars Experience Options Late blight Productivity in terms of 1 ha c / ha Yield increase Tops Fruit kg % 1. Copper-containing fungicidal composition (0.6% copper solution) 1.8 0.4 326 28 11.3 2. The inventive composition (0.5% solution of copper) 0.5 0.1 373 75 12.5 3. Control 4.3 1.7 298 - -

Thus, an important advantage of the proposed method is a complex effect on plants, in which a pronounced growth-stimulating effect on young foliage is manifested, the active vegetation phase increases, indicating an increase in weather resistance, and the fungicidal activity of copper sulfate increases while its working concentration decreases. The indicated qualities of the proposed method made it possible to obtain an increase in productivity and virtually eliminate fruit affection by late blight.

The method is characterized by technological simplicity of implementation in a production environment.

Claims (2)

1. A fungicidal and growth-stimulating composition in the form of an aqueous solution, including a copper-containing substance, acid, alkali, characterized in that it contains copper sulfate as a copper-containing substance, succinic acid as an acid, and ammonia or potassium hydroxide as alkali when the following ratio of components, wt.%: Copper sulphate 0.5 succinic acid one Ammonia or potassium hydroxide (solution) one Water rest 2. The fungicidal and growth-promoting composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as alkali contains a solution of potassium hydroxide of 1% concentration.