RU2324554C2 - Complex for processing of solid industrial and domestic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanic.

SUBSTANCE: complex includes reception and loading batcher connected to a reception and loading conveyor, device for controlling the loading layer, designed as a system of separators by the height, located over the surface of the lifting and loading conveyor designed so that it can feed waste from the reception and loading conveyor to the sorting conveyor placed in the operating cabin with seats for sorting operators. The cabin is equipped with ventilation, air conditioning, and an antibacterial system. A ferrous metal separator is located above the lifting and loading conveyor, with the possibility of automatic sorting of ferrous metals delivered by the conveyor of the said separator from the lifting and loading conveyor to the changeable batcher collector of ferrous metals. The reception boxes are located in two rows at both sides of the sorting conveyor. The receiver of refuse waste, connected with a tray-type return device, is made with the possibility of returning unprocessed wastes for resorting. The batcher-keepers for the sorted part of wastes are equipped with an unloading device, in the form of an automatic slide damper, filling sensors, and a loading device, with the possibility to load sorted waste directly to the batcher-keepers of wastes. The collecting and lifting conveyor is designed with the possibility of feeding the sorted part of wastes for pressing and packaging. A changeable press-compactor for refuse waste, a sorted waste perforator. A briquetting press with a platform for its maintenance is designed with the possibility of pressing and packaging the perforated part of wastes, by sorting types. The complex includes carrying service rake and a central automatic control system.

EFFECT: simplifies and decreases cost of solid waste processing operations; provides ecological safety of environment; increases capacity and profitability during processing.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, ecology, resource conservation, utilities and industry, and is intended for the mechanization and automation of sorting processes for the subsequent processing of solid waste production and consumption (TOPP), including solid household waste (TOPP). In particular, the complex can be used for sorting and packaging various types of solid, fairly homogeneous waste, for example, for sorting, pre-processing and packaging of plastic bottles of various capacities (various types of PET containers).

The prior art complex for the processing of municipal solid waste, including mixing garbage with water, separating insoluble sediment, forming briquettes from the remaining viscous combustible mass and drying the briquettes, moreover, a mixture of garbage with water in a mass ratio of 1: (2 ... 8) is boiled for 0.5 ... 1.5 hours and the boiled mass is kept until delamination into an insoluble precipitate and a viscous combustible mass, while the briquettes are dried at 100 ° C (see SU 1713925 A1 of 01.22.1990).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the significant energy consumption for boiling garbage in water and drying a viscous mass, the long duration of the drying process, and also the high cost of heat treatment of the organic part of the garbage during boiling. In this case, when boiling, significant harmful gas emissions and air pollution of the atmosphere occur, and drying must be carried out until the viscous mass reaches the mechanical properties that are optimal for creating a durable briquette by the press.

The closest of the prior art is the technical solution disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2155108 from 08.27.2000. In accordance with this decision, the waste collected by garbage trucks is transported to a sorting station, where after moving it with a loading conveyor, during which large items are removed and collected in a container, they are loaded into a rotating drum screen with a perforated cylinder. The axis of rotation of the perforated cylinder in the drum screen is placed horizontally. In a perforated cylinder, the waste is moved along spiral paths by means of screw blades fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder. At the same time, packages and bags with waste are destroyed with the help of spikes mounted on the auger blades. The waste from the drum screen comes to a sorting conveyor. Along the latter are located sorter jobs with hatches for dumping certain fractions in them. At the exit of the sorting conveyor, a fraction consisting of non-recyclable waste is sent to a storage hopper, from which it is transferred into unloaded garbage trucks in separate portions using a conveyor belt with a controlled drive. The fractions obtained after sorting municipal solid waste are sent to their processing plants.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the high energy intensity of technological operations, the bacteriological danger of environmental pollution and the high cost of equipment.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a complex for processing solid waste for production and consumption (TOPP), including municipal solid waste, devoid of the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is to simplify and reduce the cost of processing TOPP, ensuring environmental safety during the processing of TOPP, increasing productivity and increasing the profitability of processing TOPP.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the complex for processing municipal solid waste includes a loading and loading bunker associated with a loading and loading conveyor, a loading layer control device, which is a height cut-off system located above the belt of the lifting and loading conveyor, configured to supply of municipal solid waste from the receiving and loading conveyor to the sorting conveyor located in the working cabin with equipped workstations a ditch of sorters equipped with a ventilation, air conditioning and antibacterial sources, a ferrous metal separator located above the loading and loading conveyor with the possibility of automatic selection of ferrous metal waste, which are conveyed from the lifting and loading conveyor into a removable ferrous metal storage bin along the conveyor belt of the said separator , receiving boxes, arranged in two rows on both sides of the sorting conveyor, a receiver for the non-business part of the waste associated with a tray-type return device configured to ensure the return of the untreated part of municipal solid waste for re-sorting, storage bins for the sorted part of municipal solid waste with an unloading device in the form of an automatic gate, filling sensors, as well as a loading device, with the possibility of loading directly into the storage bins municipal solid waste, storage and lifting conveyor, configured to supply sorted parts of solid household x waste for pressing and packaging, a replaceable press compactor for non-business waste, a perforator for the sorted part of municipal solid waste, a briquetting press with a service platform, made with the possibility of pressing and packaging the perforated part of municipal solid waste by sorting type, carrying a flyover and a centralized system automatic management of the solid waste processing complex.

It may turn out to be appropriate if it is possible to complete the proposed complex with a system of visual observation and control with information displayed on the remote control of a centralized automatic control system of the complex.

It may be advisable if the briquetting press with the service platform will have a hydraulic drive from its own hydroelectric station and will be equipped with an automatic low-carbon steel wire bale binding system. The drive of the bale strapping system can be electromechanical.

It is also preferable that the electric briquette press control system be autonomous, connected with a centralized system for automatically controlling the complex of electrical interlocks.

Further, the invention will be disclosed in more detail, with reference to graphic materials on which:

figure 1 - General layout of the complex for processing solid waste;

figure 2 - technological scheme of sorting, pre-processing and briquetting of incoming waste (PET containers).

The proposed complex is intended for mechanization and automation of the process of sorting, pre-processing and packaging of various types of PET containers (plastic bottles with a capacity of 0.2-5 liters) with a capacity of 4-8 types of packages depending on color, volume and other characteristics, using various modifications receiving and storage bins up to 10 thousand tons of PET waste per year.

If the PET container, collected in a separate way, arrives for processing in separate containers and does not need to be sorted, then each type of waste, not contaminated with extraneous waste, is loaded directly into the storage hopper of a separate type of waste, perforated and pressed.

The layout and set of equipment of the proposed complex are presented in figure 1 and can be performed in various modifications, including picking with briquetting presses and a puncher (grinder) of PET containers of various modifications.

The equipment of the complex is located in a building of easily erected structures, equipped with lifting equipment (crane beams), heating, ventilation, a fire extinguishing system in the required volume and, if necessary, a waste collection and disinfection system.

The complex includes (figure 1):

1. Feeder hopper for incoming PET containers.

2. The receiving and loading conveyor.

3. Device for adjusting the loading layer.

4. The separator of ferrous metals.

5. Lifting and loading conveyor with flanges (preferred flange height 10-15 cm).

6. Sorting conveyor.

7. Receiving boxes (estrus) for sorted PET containers (quantity, mainly, - 8 pcs., In two rows on both sides of the sorting conveyor).

8. Work cabin with ventilation, air conditioning and antibacterial sources.

9. The receiver of the non-business part of the waste, which also provides the return of unprocessed PET containers for re-sorting.

10. Tray type return device for unprocessed PET containers for re-sorting.

11. Storage bins for sorted PET containers with an unloading device (automatic gate), filling sensors, as well as a loading device for loading directly into the PET container hopper.

12. Accumulation and lifting conveyor feeding sorted PET containers for pressing and packaging.

13. Press compactor for non-business part of the waste, replaceable, in an amount of at least 2 pcs.

14. Perforator for PET containers.

15. Briquetting press for pressing and packaging perforated PET containers by sorting type (it is possible to complete with presses of various models). Briquetting press (pos. 15) with a service platform (pos. 20) has a hydraulic drive from its own hydroelectric station and is equipped with an automatic low-carbon steel bale binding system. The drive system strapping electromechanical.

16. Centralized system of automatic control of the complex. The electric press control system is autonomous, connected with the central control system of the complex of electric locks.

17. Carrier overpass (preferred embodiment - height - 1.5 m, width - 5 m, length up to 12 m).

18. Workplace of sorter operators (the preferred option is from 8 to 16 people).

19. The bunker drive of ferrous metals, replaceable, in an amount of not less than 2 pcs.

20. Press service platform.

It is possible to complete the system with visual observation and control with the output of information to the control panel of the complex.

The technological characteristics of the main equipment, which is part of the proposed complex for processing solid waste, are given in the table.

No. Name and description of equipment Specifications one Feeder hopper for incoming PET containers overall dimensions 3000 × 4000 × 1500 mm 2 Pick-up conveyor (horizontal inclined) 2 conveyor model T01 2 type of carrier web ribbon with flanges 2 flanges, height in mm 120 2 working width, mm 1000-1200 2 full web width, mm 1200-1400 2 horizontal length, mm 5600 2 length of inclined part, mm 9000 2 total weight (mass) of the conveyor, t 3,5 2 tilt angle 25 2 lifting height, mm 2700 2 pit protection against spillage there is 2 type of drive electric 2 drive power, kW 3,7 2 adjustable speed, m / s 0.1-1.0 2 type of speed controller frequency 2 maximum load on the canvas, t / m 0.3 3 Boot layer control device height cut-off system located above the conveyor belt four Ferrous Separator MSC 3101 four conveyor length, mm 3135 four conveyor belt width, mm 1000 four effective tape width, mm 900 four drum rotation frequency, rpm 25 four linear conveyor speed, m / min 27 four motor type asynchronous three-phase four total installed capacity 1.9 four total weight (mass) of the separator, kg 1735 6 Sorting conveyor 6 conveyor model T02 6 type of carrier web tape 6 working width, mm 1200 6 full web width, mm 1400 6 length mm 16500 6 total weight (mass) of the conveyor, t 3,5 6 type of drive electric 6 drive power, kW 3,7 6 adjustable speed, m / s 0.1-1.0 6 type of speed controller frequency 6 maximum load on the canvas, t / m 0.3 7 Receiving boxes (estrus) for sorted PET containers (delivered complete with storage bins) qty - 8 pcs. (in two rows on both sides of the sorting conveyor) 8 Working cabin with ventilation, air conditioning and antibacterial sources 8 model P01 8 overall dimensions (length × width × height 14000 × 6000 × 2400 8 air exchange 5x 8 heating (view) according to customer requirement 8 sorting table full length, mm 13000 8 working table length, mm 10,000 8 type of carrier web tape 8 working width, mm 1200 8 power consumption, kW 10 9 Receiver of non-business part of the waste (Press complex mod. PKOM-622M) also provides return of unprocessed PET containers for re-sorting 10 Return device (pneumatic conveyor) for raw PET containers for re-sorting one model PT04 10 type of forced air conveyor one diameter of the pipeline, mm 250 one pipeline length, mm 20000 one total weight (mass), t 1,0 one tilt angle 3-10 one type of drive electric one drive power (pressure regulator), 3,7 one adjustable speed, m / s 0.1-2.0 one type of speed controller frequency eleven Storage bins for sorted PET containers (3000 × 5500 × 1200 mm) × 4 pcs. with unloading device (automatic gate), filling sensors, loading device, for loading directly into the PET hopper 12 Cumulative and lifting conveyor feeding sorted PET containers for pressing and packaging one conveyor model T03 one type of carrier web tape one flanges, height in mm 120 one working width, mm 1000-1200 one full web width, mm 1200-1400 one horizontal (buried) hour length 12000 one length of inclined part, mm 7000 one total weight (mass) of the conveyor, t 6 one tilt angle 25-35 one lifting height, mm 3000 one pit protection against spillage there is one type of drive electric one drive power, kW 3,7 one adjustable speed, m / s 0.1-2.0 one type of speed controller frequency one maximum load on the canvas, t / m ² 0.3 13 Non-waste waste compactor replaceable, quantity - at least 2 pcs. fourteen PET puncher one model MSC 3202 one productivity, tons / hour 1,5 one Overall dimensions, mm 1774 × 1464 × 500 one loading sizes of PET bottles, 0.5-5.0 one feed hole width, mm 1194 × 730 one perforation width, mm 10-50 one the number of rotors 2 one speed rpm 23-150 one number of electric motors one one total power, kW 2.2 one weight (mass), kg 700 one installation method in line any fifteen Press for pressing and packaging perforated PET containers one model MSC 2301-03 one productivity, tons / hour 2.0 one pressing force, t 40 one specific pressure, kg / cm ² 7 one working pressure, MPa twenty one maximum pressure, kg / cm 7 one power consumption (380 V, 50 Hz), 25 one weight (mass), t 15,000 one Overall dimensions, mm 15500 × 6500 × 2000 one loading window size, mm 700 × 1200 one section of the pressing chamber, mm 700 × 800 one loading conveyor width, mm 1200 one oil tank volume, liter 1200 one production time of one bale 120 fifteen number of compacts per bale (max) (L = 1200 mm) 6 one number of strapping rows 3 one diameter of strapping wire, mm 2.5-3.5 one bale dimensions (adjustable), mm 700 × 800 × 800-1200 one bale weight, kg 150-200 one climatic conditions of operation of the press UHL-4 category 5 according to GOST 15150-69, temperature - from +35 to -35 ° С one way to unload bales from the press live roll (passive) for transportation 16 Automatic complex control device The autonomous press control electric system, connected to the central control system of the electric lock complex 17 Carrier rack, mm 20,000 × 5,000 × 1,700 eighteen Sorter operator workstation 8-16 19 Ferrous metal storage bin replaceable, quantity - at least 2 pcs. twenty Press Service Platform welded metal

Waste requirements for sorting.

PET containers of various colors and different volumes from 0.2 to 5.0 liters, contaminated with other types of waste similar in composition to waste similar to solid household waste (TOPP), are sent for sorting. The total volume of extraneous waste does not exceed 10% of the total volume of waste.

Bulky waste, which is a whole product or product fragments with dimensions of more than 600 × 600 mm or 800 × 200 mm, and also weighing more than 6 kg, must be selected before loading the waste onto the transport system of the complex.

In waste collected in a separate way, the presence of hazardous and toxic waste and objects is not allowed.

Automated separation of small fractions using a screen is possible.

The complex for processing municipal solid waste works as follows (the technological block diagram of the complex is presented in figure 2).

PET containers arriving for sorting are unloaded either to the receiving hopper 1 or to the unloading platform, followed by loading onto the receiving and loading conveyor 2, which, for convenience and reliability of reception, can be equipped with flanges 120 mm high. It is possible, if there is no need for sorting, and if the incoming PET container contains only one type of waste and is not contaminated with other waste, loading such waste directly into the storage bins 11 for the corresponding type of PET container.

Above the loading and loading conveyor 5, a ferrous metal separator 4 is located, which automatically selects small, weighing no more than 3 kg, ferrous metal wastes that are transported along the conveyor belt of the separator from the lifting and loading conveyor 5 to the ferrous metal storage bin 19. As accumulation, the hopper is released or replaced with another.

Next, the PET container lifting and loading conveyor 5 is fed to the carrier rack 17 and then to the sorting conveyor 6.

The sorting conveyor 6, located in the working cabin 8, is preferably equipped with 8 receiving boxes (estrus) 7, on both sides of the conveyor, with 4 workstations in each row, for dumping into storage bins 11 sorted by type of PET container. It is possible to increase, if necessary, additional jobs to 2 working operators located on opposite sides of estrus. In normal mode, each estrus is served by one working operator, in accelerated mode - up to 2 operators, i.e. if necessary, to speed up sorting, it is possible to serve each “estrus” by 2 working operators.

It is also possible that each worker-operator located between adjacent estruses can serve two adjacent estrus, which allows the selection of two types of PET containers by one operator, including duplication of functions in order to increase the reliability of selection.

The working cabin 8 provides the necessary sanitary and hygienic and comfortable conditions for working operators at workplaces 18 in the area of the sorting conveyor 6, including:

- repeated air exchange with forced ventilation;

- the necessary level of humidity and temperature (conditioning);

- treatment of air and work surfaces with antibacterial lamps;

- the necessary level of illumination of the working area.

As the storage bins 11 are filled to the required amount for pressing and packing into standard-sized blocks sorted by type of PET container, they are automatically unloaded automatically onto a storage-lifting conveyor 12 equipped with flanges that lifts one type of PET container. to a height of about 4 m and dumps into a punch 14, perforating and partial grinding of PET containers, then it enters the loading device of the press 15, is pressed into briquettes of the standard Mercury-sized with automatic strapping in multiple rows of wire. It is possible to complete the packaging device with a plastic film.

The non-business part of the waste, as well as the unsorted (missed by the operators of the sorting conveyor) PET container at the end of the sorting conveyor 6 is dumped to the receiver of the non-business part of the waste 9, which is a deflector (separation grid) through which the non-business waste enters the press compactor 13, which, as it is filled, is replaced by another and taken out for landfill.

Unsorted PET containers from the receiver of the non-business part of the waste 9 are rolled down through the tray type return device 10 to the receiving and loading conveyor 2 and then it is sent for re-sorting to the sorting conveyor 6.

The complex is equipped with a centralized automatic control system 16. Management is carried out from the central console and from commissioning panels located on separate devices having their own electric drive. Using commissioning remotes, these devices can be turned on, off, or their operating modes changed (if this is provided, for example, for conveyors and storage bins). In addition, emergency stop buttons are provided on the equipment.

The complex can be equipped with a video surveillance and video monitoring system.

Technical characteristics of the proposed complex and its components are given below.

Complex performance in normal mode

- with the annual equipment operation fund - 250 working days - 2000 working hours per year with single-shift work, with the number of working operators of 8 people per shift - 3300 tons per year;

- with the annual equipment operating fund - 250 working days - 4000 working hours per year with two-shift work with the number of working operators of 8 people per shift - up to 6600 tons per year;

- with an annual fund of working time up to 6000 hours / year (3-shift operation), 250 working days, with the number of working operators of 8 people per shift - up to 10,000 tons per year;

- with an annual equipment operation fund of 360 working days, two-shift work without days off, with the number of working operators of 8 people per shift, up to 10,000 tons per year.

In the basic set, sorting is carried out according to 4 types of PET containers. Due to the improved design of storage bins, sorting types can be increased to 8 types.

The complex can be equipped with various types of presses. The type of ferromagnetic ferrous separator is a permanent magnet with a conveyor belt.

The total installed capacity of the complex without a press is 20 kW. The total installed capacity of the complex, including briquetting press, is 70 kW.

The size of the technological building for the complex, depending on the configuration and layout is, m:

- length from 20 to 30,

- width from 10 to 15,

- height (to floor beams) no more than 5,

- area (m ² ) from 200 to 450.

Climatic conditions of the complex (inside the building):

- UHL-4, category 5, according to GOST 15150-69.

The required air temperature in the main technical building where the equipment is located during the operation of the complex is provided taking into account external temperature fluctuations in the range from +35 to -35 ° С.

Thus, the proposed solid domestic waste processing complex is a high-tech autonomous complex for the processing of municipal solid waste, which is maximally suited for processing TOPPP (including PET containers), which ensures the environmental safety of the environment and significantly exceeds its technical characteristics by its known analogues.

Claims (5)

1. A complex for processing solid waste from production and consumption, including a loading and loading bunker associated with a loading and loading conveyor, characterized in that a loading layer control device is additionally provided, which is a height cut-off system located above the lifting and loading conveyor belt made with the possibility of supplying municipal solid waste from a pick-up conveyor to a sorting conveyor located in a working cabin with equipped working equipment ferrous metal separator located above the lifting and loading conveyor with the possibility of automatic selection of ferrous metal waste, which are conveyed from the lifting and loading conveyor from the lifting and loading conveyor to a removable black hopper, by the operators of sorters equipped with a ventilation, air conditioning and antibacterial sources metals, receiving boxes located in two rows on both sides of the sorting conveyor, receiver of non-business part of the waste, associated with a tray-type return device configured to provide the return of the untreated part of municipal solid waste for re-sorting, storage bins for the sorted part of municipal solid waste with an unloading device in the form of an automatic gate, filling sensors, as well as a loading device with the possibility of loading directly into the storage solid waste bunkers, storage and lifting conveyor, configured to feed the sorted part of the TV of household waste for pressing and packaging, a replaceable press compactor for non-business waste, a perforator for the sorted part of solid household waste, a briquetting press with a service platform, made with the possibility of pressing and packaging the perforated part of solid household waste according to the type of sorting, carrying rack and centralized automatic control system for the solid waste processing complex. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is possible to complete the system with visual observation and control with the output of information to the remote centralized automatic control system of the complex. 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the briquetting press with a service platform has a hydraulic drive from its own hydroelectric station and is equipped with an automatic low-carbon steel bale binding system. 4. The complex according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive of the bale strapping system is electromechanical. 5. The complex according to claim 4, characterized in that the electric control system for the briquetting press is autonomous, connected with a centralized automatic control system for the complex of electrical interlocks.

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