RU2323772C1 - Explosion chamber for synthezis of detonating nanodimond - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: explosion chamber contains cylindrical hull, plain bottom, cover and fastening tools for charge of explosive substance inside the chamber, installed in cooling casing. The vertical hull and the chamber bottom is faced by steel of reinforced concrete, and as cooling casing it is used the water, partly filling the internal chamber volume, on the chamber bottom it is fixed the perforated tubes, connected with gas system or with water pump, on the inside hull surface it is fixed the vertical splitter of the air-blast wave with rectangular section, connected by several steel rings, the hull is provided with hatch, which is opened inside the chamber, nipples for gas and water excluding from the chamber and nipples for gas feeding to perforated tubes, the hatch is steel hermetical cistern filled with the water, which has nipples for water and water feeding, and also nipples for water feeding from cistern to the chamber, which are made as curved tubes, that the curve is situated higher then the water level in the cistern.

EFFECT: it is exceeded the productivity of the chamber as well as the convenience of using without stuff entering inside.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the processing of materials by pressure, namely to explosive chambers designed to contain explosions during the processing of explosive materials for the industrial production of detonation nanodiamonds.

State of the art

There are various designs of blast chambers for the synthesis of superhard materials (see the book by V.V. Danilenko “Synthesis and sintering of diamonds by explosion”, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 2003, 272 p.). They are durable steel containers, inside which a charge of explosive and the processed material are placed. In case of a charge explosion inside the chamber, the loads on the chamber walls are determined by the pressure amplitude and the shock wave impulse on the walls. To ensure the safety margin of the walls during multiple explosions, the pressure amplitude should be 4 -5 times less than the yield strength of the steel used, and the pulse is neutralized by the mass of the chamber walls. Depending on the materials and design of the chamber, for every kilogram of explosive charge, 2 to 10 m ³ of the chamber’s internal volume is required. The pressure of the explosion products on the surface of the charge is about two orders of magnitude higher than the yield strength of the best grades of steel. Therefore, any parts or parts of the chamber located near the explosive charge will quickly collapse.

Usually, for research and technological purposes, cylindrical explosive chambers that are simpler to manufacture are used, in which, during an explosion, the central section (in which the charge explodes), the centers of the bottoms and the joints of the bottoms with the walls of the chamber experience the greatest loads.

For the industrial production of detonation nanodiamonds, it is necessary to detonate large mass explosive charges (20 kg or more) in the chamber. For reliable localization of multiple explosions of such charges, the steel chamber must have a large volume (more than 100 m ³ ) and weight (more than 100 tons), which makes the camera more expensive, and have a large volume (more than 100 m ³ ) and weight (more than 100 tons), which increases the cost of the camera and complicates its transportation and installation.

For rapid cooling of nanodiamonds formed in a detonation wave at temperatures of 3500-4000 K, charges in the chamber are blown up in cooling shells from water or ice with an optimal mass equal to ten charge masses.

A well-known chamber for explosive processing of metals (see ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 875706, class B21D 26/06, 1985), comprising a housing consisting of a central part made in the form of cylinders concentrically installed with a gap and adjacent bottoms and lids fixed by a lock, the inner cylinder being installed freely and with a gap relative to the lid, and protrusions covering the ends of the inner cylinder are made at the ends of the outer cylinder, which center the latter along the axis. At the bottom there is a reinforced object table for placing the explosion-processed product on it. This technical decision is taken as an analogue of the claimed invention. The disadvantages of the analogue are limited operational capabilities, since cameras of this type must be opened after each explosion to extract the processed material and clean its internal cavity.

Known chamber for explosive processing of materials according to the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2078661, class. B21D 26/06, 1997, selected as a prototype, as it is also intended for the synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds.

The prototype camera contains a housing, a cover and a bottom with central coaxial holes. The charge in the ice shell is installed in the open upper part of the cover, made in the form of a thick-walled tube, partially located in the central part of the body. The bottom has a cone-shaped dissector of the explosion products and inclined radial holes through which the explosion products fall into the collection containers located next to the camera. Thus, the condensed products of the explosion (carbon charge) are removed from the chamber without opening it.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- requires the manufacture of ice parts that are destroyed during each explosion;

- the explosive charge through ice is adjacent to the lid, which leads to its rapid destruction;

- explosion products with nanodiamonds are partially released into the atmosphere, which leads to the loss of nanodiamonds;

- the camera is not suitable for explosions of large mass charges, which determines the productivity of the production of nanodiamonds.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the present invention is the creation of the design of an explosive chamber for the synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds with wide operational capabilities, due to the increased productivity of the chamber, safety and ease of operation. The proposed explosive chamber provides for multiple explosions of explosive charges of large mass (20 kg or more) without making massive cooling shells and without personnel entering the chamber to install charges in the chamber and unload the resulting nanodiamonds from the chamber, as well as reducing explosive loads on the chamber structure.

This is achieved due to the fact that in the blast chamber for the synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds containing a cylindrical body, a flat bottom and a lid and fastening means inside the blast charge chamber placed in a cooling shell, the vertical body and the chamber bottom are made of steel-reinforced concrete, as the cooling shell uses water that partially fills the internal volume of the chamber; perforated tubes connected to the gas system or to the water pump are fixed to the bottom of the chamber the morning surface of the casing is equipped with triangular cross-sectional shock wave dividers connected by several steel rings, the casing is equipped with a hatch that opens into the chamber, nozzles for pumping gases and water from the chamber and nozzles for supplying gas to the perforated tubes, the lid is a sealed steel tank with water, having nozzles for supplying water and gas, as well as nozzles for supplying water from the tank into the chamber, which are made in the form of curved pipes, and the bending of the pipes is above the water level in the tank, in the center of the bottom under the water, a reinforced concrete cone lined with steel is located, and at the joints of the bottom and the lid with the housing between the dividers, steel-lined reinforced concrete reinforcing inserts of a triangular section are installed, means for fastening the explosive charge in water are made in the form of a diametrically passing through the wall of the body and the upper the edge of the hatch of a steel cable mounted on two rollers mounted on the outer surface of the housing, and having the possibility of horizontal movement and sagging during rotation enii rollers.

A comparative analysis of the invention with the prototype shows that the claimed camera has new features that provide increased camera performance for the production of detonation diamonds, safety and ease of operation.

The claimed objectives of this invention are achieved as follows. An increase in the productivity of the synthesis of nanodiamonds in the chamber is ensured by the use of large mass charges, with the exception of the use of separately made massive water or ice shells around the explosive charges, by the mechanization of technological operations, in particular, the transport of charges into the chamber and unloading of nanodiamonds from the chamber.

Safety and ease of use of the camera is ensured by the mechanization of technological operations that do not require personnel to enter the camera with a harmful atmosphere, using devices that reduce explosive loads on the camera.

The following methods are used to reduce the loads on the chamber and harden the proposed design of the chamber: the set of gas bubbles created in the water before the explosion, the incident water stream in the chamber, which neutralizes the energy of the water and gas flow resulting from the explosion under water and rising from the surface of the water, shock dividers waves on the camera body, their connection with steel rings, installation in the center of the bottom of a massive steel-clad reinforced concrete cone, installation between dividers at the joints of the bottom and roofs and with the walls lined with massive steel reinforced concrete inserts.

The long-term operation of the camera is also determined by the fact that the camera does not have parts that are close to the charge and therefore quickly destroyed.

The stated tasks are solved. The chamber can be used repeatedly for the industrial production of detonation nanodiamonds with the mechanization of basic technological operations without personnel entering the chamber.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a longitudinal section of the explosive chamber, and figure 2 is a fragment of its cross section.

The blast chamber consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1 with a flat bottom 2 made of steel-reinforced concrete and a flat steel cover 3. On the inner surface of the body 1, vertical shock-wave dividers 4 of triangular cross-section, made of steel-reinforced concrete and connected several steel rings 5. On the side surface of the housing 1 is a hatch 6 that opens into the chamber. The cover 3 is a sealed water tank 7 having nozzles for supplying water 8 and compressed gas 9, as well as nozzles 10 for supplying water from the tank 7 into the chamber in the form of curved pipes, the bending of the pipes being above the water level in the tank 7. On a cable 11 is installed at the level of the upper edge of the hatch in the diametrical section of the chamber, capable of moving horizontally along the diameter of the chamber or sagging when rotating two rollers 12 mounted on the outer surface of the housing 1 and having separate electric drives (not shown in the drawing). An explosive charge 14 is suspended from a cable 11 on a wire 13.

A reinforced concrete cone 15 lined with steel is installed on the bottom of the chamber in the center. At the joints of the cover 3 and the bottom 2 with the housing 1, inside the dividers 4 there are steel-lined reinforced concrete reinforcing inserts 16 of triangular section.

Perforated tubes 17 are installed on the bottom 2, connected through a manifold by electromagnetic valves to a compressed gas system and to a water pump for pumping from a suspension chamber with nanodiamonds (not shown). The housing 1 has a pipe 18 connected through an electromagnetic valve to a compressor for pumping gases from the chamber (not shown), a pipe 19 connected through a solenoid valve to a pump for pumping water from the chamber to the tank 7 (not shown), as well as pipes 20 for supplying gas to the perforated tubes 17.

The blast chamber operates as follows.

Tank 7 is filled with water.

The chamber is partially filled with water to a level below the lower edge of the hatch 6.

Outside the chamber, near the hatch, a charge of explosive 14 is suspended by a wire 13 using a wire 13. The hatch 6 is opened. By rotating the rollers 12, the cable 11 with a charge of 14 moves from the outer wall of the housing 1 to the axis of the chamber. Then, by opposite rotation of the rollers 12, a sagging of the cable 11 is created by an amount that ensures that the charge 14 is immersed in water to the required depth. Luke 6 closes.

Valves are opened in the compressed gas line, which is supplied to the tank 7 through the nozzle 9. The compressed gas through the nozzles 10 displaces the water from the tank 7 into the chamber, where a vertically falling stream of water is created. At the same time, valves connecting the tubes 17 through the nozzles 20 to the receiver with compressed gas are opened, and through the holes in the tubes 17, the compressed gas enters the water, where there are many bubbles rising to the surface of the water. At the moment when the bubbles and the stream falling from the nozzles 10 reach the surface of the water in the chamber, charge 14 is detonated. Immediately after the detonation, the valves in the compressed gas line are closed. The compressor is turned on, and the gases from the chamber through the pipe 18 are partially pumped into the receiver, and partly released into the atmosphere (the gases do not contain nanodiamonds that remain in the water in the chamber). Hatch 6 opens again and the duty cycle repeats.

After carrying out several explosions (for example, during a working day), blasting operations are stopped for the time required for the suspension 21 containing nanodiamonds to settle to the bottom of the chamber. Part of the water above the suspension is pumped from the chamber through the pipe 19 back to the tank 7. A valve is opened connecting the tubes 17 to the pump, the pump is turned on, which pumps the suspension from the chamber, for example, to a centrifuge or to a vacuum filter, where water is squeezed out of it and carbon mixture containing nanodiamonds.

After pumping the suspension, the chamber is again ready for blasting.

Industrial applicability

This invention will find application in the production of detonation nanodiamonds. For the production of detonation nanodiamonds up to 5 tons per year by blasting charges from a TNT – RDX TG40 / 60 alloy weighing 30 kg, the inventive blast chamber made of steel-lined reinforced concrete should have an inner diameter along the ribs of the dividers — 10 m, a height of the cross-section of the dividers — 1 m, a height between the bottom and a lid inside the chamber - 14 m, the outer diameter of the chamber body - 13 m, the thickness of the steel sheet of the cladding of reinforced concrete - 10 mm, the thickness of the steel cover in the form of a water tank -1 m, the thickness of the bottom - 1.5 m, the length of the legs of the inserts of triangular section at the junctions of cor 1 with a cover and a bottom between the dividers - 1 m, the height and radius of the base of the cone in the center of the bottom - 1.5 m.

Claims (4)

1. An explosion chamber for the synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds, comprising a cylindrical body, a flat bottom and a cover and fastening means inside an explosive charge chamber placed in a cooling shell, characterized in that the vertical case and the chamber bottom are made of steel-reinforced concrete as a cooling shell use water that partially fills the internal volume of the chamber; perforated tubes connected to the gas system or to the water pump are fixed on the bottom of the chamber on the inner surface The body surfaces are equipped with triangular section shockwave dividers connected by several steel rings, the body is equipped with a hatch that opens into the chamber, nozzles for pumping gases and water from the chamber, and nozzles for supplying gases to the perforated tubes, the lid is a sealed steel tank with water, having nozzles for supplying water and gas, as well as nozzles for supplying water from the tank to the inside of the chamber, which are made in the form of bent pipes, the bending of the pipes being above the water level in the tank. 2. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that in the center of the bottom under water is a reinforced concrete cone lined with steel. 3. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that at the joints of the bottom and the cover with the housing between the dividers, steel-clad reinforced concrete reinforcing inserts of a triangular section are installed. 4. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for securing the explosive charge in water are made in the form of a steel cable passing along the diameter of the chamber through the housing wall and the upper edge of the hatch mounted on two rollers mounted on the outer surface of the housing, with the possibility of horizontal moving and sagging when rotating the rollers.

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