RU2323391C1 - Method of exploitation of heat supply systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method can be used for usage at exploitation of heating systems of civil buildings. Prior to heating season, cavities of equipment and pipelines are filled with heat-transfer agent, for example, with water. During heating season, motion, heating and cooling of heat-transfer agent is performed due to pumps, heat-generating equipment and heat exchange equipment and restoration of heat-transfer agent loss. After heating season is over, cavities are emptied, internal surfaces of equipment and pipelines are washed out and filters and settling tanks are cleaned down. Natural water is used as heat transfer agent. Surface-active matters are added into heat transfer agent during heating season. Concentration of matters is periodically measured to keep it to certain level. Concentration of impurities in heat transfer agent is measured as well to provide filtration of heat-transfer-agent. After hydraulic-pneumatic washing, anti-corrosion film is formed of molecular layers of surface-active matters.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of operation; reduced costs; better ecological condition; improved protection of heat-exchange equipment.

8 cl

Description

The invention relates to a power system and is intended for use in the operation of centralized and autonomous heating systems for residential buildings and industrial premises for removing thermal barrier deposits, as well as slowing down corrosion rates and accumulating deposits on pipe surfaces, fittings and associated heat exchangers, in particular heating devices.

A known method of operating heating systems (see the rules for the technical operation of power plants, registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 04/02/2003, No. 4358, p.117) includes filling the cavities of equipment and pipelines with a coolant in the form of softened deaerated water, specially prepared to reduce the rate of corrosion metal surfaces and the formation of deposits on them before the start of the heating period, providing movement, heating and cooling of the coolant with pumps and heat exchange equipment, filling of coolant leaks with softened deaerated water during the heating period, as well as emptying the cavities, hydropneumatic washing, cleaning filters and sumps and protecting equipment surfaces from corrosion for a period of inactivity after the end of the heating period.

However, this method does not provide highly effective protection against corrosion, requires large financial and operating costs and leads to the discharge of a significant amount of wastewater, with large concentrations of salts. In addition, during downtime, additional special measures are required to protect internal surfaces from corrosion.

The closest in technical essence is the method of operation of heat supply systems, described in the Standard Instructions for the technical operation of heating networks of public heating systems, MDK 4-02.2001, which was approved by order of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 13.12.2000, No. 285, p.88, which consists in filling cavities of equipment and pipelines with coolant in the form of softened deaerated water before the heating period; during the heating period, ensuring movement, heating and cooling of the coolant by means of pumps, heat generators uyuschego and heat exchange equipment, leakage of coolant replenishment of deaerated demineralized water, and at the end of the heating period is made emptying cavities gidropnevmopromyvka inner surfaces of equipment and pipes, cleaning filters and settling tanks. For a period of downtime, shutdown or repair of the heat supply system, the internal surfaces of equipment and pipelines are preserved.

However, this method is ineffective, requires high capital and operating costs for water treatment, while it does not remove the problem of corrosion and the formation of deposits, has low efficiency of heat exchange equipment, high operating costs, and low operating life of systems.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency and resource of heat supply systems, reduce capital and operating costs, improve the environment, increase the protection of heat exchange equipment and pipelines from corrosion and from the formation of deposits.

The solution to this technical problem is achieved by the fact that the known method of operating heat supply systems, including filling cavities of equipment and pipelines with a heat carrier, for example, water, before the heating period, provides movement, heating and cooling of the heat carrier by means of pumps, heat-generating and heat-exchange equipment during the heating period, and replenishment of coolant leaks and at the end of the heating period, emptying the cavities, hydropneumatic washing of the internal surfaces of the equipment and labor pipelines, cleaning filters and sumps, use natural water as a coolant and to compensate for its losses, while surfactants are dosed into the coolant during the heating period, their concentration is periodically determined, maintaining it at a certain level, the concentration of impurities in the coolant is periodically determined, ensure its filtration; after hydropneumatic washing, an anti-corrosion film is formed from molecular layers of surfactants.

In addition, film-forming amines, for example, octadecylamine, can be used as surfactants.

Dosage of surfactants can be carried out continuously or periodically.

In addition, dosing of surfactants can be carried out in the pipelines of the system in front of standard pumps.

Dosing of surfactants in the coolant can be carried out by additional pumps.

In addition, during hydropneumatic washing, surfactants can be dosed, the concentration of surface-active compounds and impurities in the coolant, for example, iron, copper and hardness salts, can be periodically determined, while hydropneumatic washing is completed after removing deposits from the internal surfaces of the equipment and the formation of an anti-corrosion film -active substances.

The method consists in the fact that before the beginning of the heating period, the cavities of the equipment and pipelines are filled with natural water, which is the coolant of the system. For water supply of the heat supply system, natural waters can be used, both surface water (from rivers, lakes, ponds), and underground (from artesian wells).

After starting the heating system and providing movement, heating and cooling of the coolant by means of pumps, heat-generating and heat-exchange equipment, as well as the organization of automatic replenishment of coolant losses in the normal mode. In pipelines of the heating system in front of standard pumps, dosing of surfactant molecules is performed. During operation of the heating system without changing operating modes and forced shutdowns at the suction of the circulation pump, constant or periodic dosing of surfactants is carried out, while their concentration is constantly or periodically determined, maintaining it at a certain level. The dosing process is stopped when the optimum concentration of surfactants in the circuit is reached, depending on the characteristics of a particular heating system (surface material of heating appliances, distribution pipes, heat transfer quality, etc.).

Dosing of surfactants is carried out using special equipment, which can be additional pumps, or any other equipment that provides the supply of an aqueous emulsion or melt of a surfactant in the circulation circuit of the heating system.

The molecules of the surfactant circulating in the heating circuit form insoluble complexes with hardness salts, iron, and other substances found in the source of natural water, potentially dangerous in terms of the formation of deposits and corrosion of the functional surfaces of equipment and pipelines. In the presence of deposits on functional surfaces, having high surface activity, the molecules of the surfactant penetrate through their pores, to the metal surface, loosening and peeling them due to the action of "wedging pressure".

In the process, the formed insoluble compounds are removed from the system through regular gravity and mechanical filters due to the periodic washing of “mud collectors” and filters with circulating water in the normal mode of operation of the heating system, which ensures filtering of the coolant.

It was experimentally established that throughout the heating period in the working circuit it is necessary to maintain the optimal concentration of surface-active substances and monitor the concentration of impurities in the coolant with a frequency of at least 1 time in 15 days. In this case, sanitation and passivation of the cleaned surfaces occurs. The protective effect of surface-active compounds is based on the formation of a mono- or polymolecular layer on the metal surface, which prevents the access of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the functional surfaces of the heating system, and also significantly reduces the rate of accumulation of thermal barrier deposits.

At the end of the heating period, the system is emptied, after which complete removal of loosened peeled deposits, as well as insoluble complexes of surface-active substances, is carried out using hydraulic and hydropneumatic washing. When washing, a systematic determination of the concentrations of impurities (surface-active compounds, iron, copper, hardness salts and other compounds) is carried out. Washed filters and sumps.

In case of violation of the film of surfactant on the functional surfaces of the heating system during the washing process, measures are taken to form a new protective film. To do this, during the washing process, surfactant molecules are dosed into the working fluid, or a protective film is formed immediately after hydropneumatic washing. Thus, reliable corrosion protection is provided for the period of inactivity, right up to the start of the heating period.

Hydropneumatic washing is completed after removing deposits from the internal surfaces of the equipment and forming an anti-corrosion film of surface-active substances on them.

It was experimentally established that the use of octadecylamine as a surfactant, from the class of film-forming amines, is optimally suited for use in heat supply systems, taking into account temperature and hydrodynamic parameters, while providing reliable protection of functional surfaces from corrosion during operation and downtime, significantly reducing speed accumulation of deposits, and also helps to remove previously formed deposits.

The use of natural water as a coolant in a heat supply system significantly reduces capital costs in the construction of heat supply systems, reduces operating costs, and also prevents the emission of a significant amount of wastewater with a high salt content.

The use of the invention allows to remove thermal barrier deposits from functional surfaces during operation, without violating the normal mode of operation, to block corrosion processes, reduce the rate of accumulation of new deposits, as well as reduce capital and operating costs.

Claims (7)

1. A method of operating heat supply systems, including filling cavities of equipment and pipelines with a coolant, for example water, before the heating period, during the heating period, providing movement, heating and cooling of the coolant by means of pumps, heat-generating and heat-exchange equipment, replenishing coolant leaks, and emptying the cavities at the end of the heating period hydropneumatic washing of the internal surfaces of equipment and pipelines, cleaning filters and sumps, characterized in then natural water is used as a coolant and to make up for its losses, while surfactants are dosed into the coolant during the heating period, their concentration is periodically determined, maintaining it at a certain level, the concentration of impurities in the coolant is periodically determined, it is filtered, after hydropneumatic washing form an anticorrosive film from molecular layers of surfactants. 2. The method of operating heat supply systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the film-forming amines, for example, octadecylamine, are used as surfactants. 3. The method of operating heat supply systems according to claim 2, characterized in that the dosing of surfactants is carried out continuously. 4. The method of operating heating systems according to claim 2, characterized in that the dosing of surfactants is carried out periodically. 5. The method of operating heating systems according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the dosing of surface-active substances is carried out in the pipelines of the system in front of the standard pumps. 6. The method of operating heat supply systems according to claim 5, characterized in that the dosing of surface-active substances in the coolant is carried out by additional pumps. 7. The method of operating heat supply systems according to claim 6, characterized in that surfactants are dosed during hydropneumatic washing, the concentration of surface-active compounds and impurities in the coolant, for example, iron, copper and hardness salts, is periodically determined, hydropneumatic washing is completed after removal of deposits from internal equipment surfaces and the formation of an anti-corrosion film of surfactants.