RU2323022C1 - Filtering absorbing box of personal protective means for protecting human respiratory organs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has cover, casing having bottom, aerosol-protection filter and absorbing unit manufactured from beaded sorbent coalesced with plastic. The absorbing unit has mixture of beaded sorbent and polyethylene taken in following proportions (% by mass): carbon sorbent containing 24.0-28.0% of nickel sulfate - 31.0-32.0; carbon sorbent containing 6.0-7.5% of copper, 2.0-2.5% of chromium and 0.04-0.06% of silver - 11.0-11.5; active carbon - 19.0-20.0; active alumina containing 8.0-9.0% of potassium permanganate - 26.0-27.0; polyethylene 11.0-11.5.

EFFECT: enabled general protection against wide greater number of harmful substances having different physical and chemical properties; increased service life.

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Description

The invention is intended to protect human respiratory organs from harmful gases, vapors and aerosols.

Known filtering and absorbing boxes (FPK), including as an absorbing layer a specialized granular sorbent that provides protection from an individual harmful substance or group of substances of a similar physicochemical nature (see. "Industrial gas masks and respirators. Catalog. Cherkasy, 1982).

The disadvantage of such FPK is the inability to use them to protect against different groups of harmful substances with significantly different physicochemical properties. For example, FPK, designed to protect against vapors of organic substances, does not protect against ammonia and nitrogen oxides, etc. In addition, under mechanical influences, another disadvantage of these FPKs is manifested - the likelihood of violation of the packing of sorbent grains and a decrease in the time of the protective action.

Closest to the proposed FPK in terms of technical nature and the number of matching features is FPK according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2166972 dated 05.06.2000, class. A62B 23/02, 7/10, comprising a cover, a housing with a bottom, an aerosol filter and an absorbing block, which is a granular sorbent fused with polyethylene.

The disadvantage of this FPK is its non-universality in substances with various physicochemical properties. This FPK is taken as a prototype of the invention.

The objective of the invention is to create a FPK that provides universal protection against a wide range of harmful substances with significantly different physicochemical properties.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to significantly increase the life of the universal FPK.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the FPK respiratory protective equipment containing a cover, a housing with a bottom, an aerosol filter and an absorbing block of a granular sorbent fused with plastic, the block consists of a mixture of granulated sorbents and polyethylene in the following ratio of components (according to mass):

carbon sorbent containing 24.0-28.0% nickel sulfate, - 31.0-32.0; carbon sorbent containing 6.0-7.5% copper, 2.0-2.5% chromium and 0.04-0.06% silver, - 11.0-11.5; activated carbon - 19.0-20.0; active alumina containing 8.0-9.0% potassium permanganate, - 26.0-27.0; polyethylene - 11.0-11.5%.

The difference of the invention from the prototype is that the absorbing block consists of a mixture of granular sorbents and polyethylene in the following ratio of components (by weight):

carbon sorbent containing 24.0-28.0% nickel sulfate, - 31.0-32.0; carbon sorbent containing 6.0-7.5% copper, 2.0-2.5% chromium and 0.04-0.06% silver, - 11.0-11.5; activated carbon - 19.0-20.0; active alumina containing 8.0-9.0% potassium permanganate, - 26.0-27.0; polyethylene - 11.0-11.5%.

The use of this feature in the personal protective equipment proposed by the FPK allows providing universal protection against a wide range of harmful substances with various physicochemical properties (vapors of organic substances, acid gases, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and its organic derivatives) with a significantly increased resource of its operation.

From the scientific and technical literature, the authors do not know the FPK means of individual protection of the human respiratory system, containing the claimed features.

FPK consists of a cover, a housing with a bottom and an absorbing block, with the aerosol filter being located first along the air flow, and the absorbing block - the second. The bottom of the box can be made in one piece with the body or as a separate part.

The drawing shows a variant of the FPK, the casing of which is made in one piece with the bottom, where 1 is the lid, 2 is the casing, 3 is an aerosol filter, 4 is an absorption block, 5 is the bottom.

FPK works as follows. Air from the environment through an opening in the bottom 5 of the housing 2 enters the anti-aerosol filter 3, is cleaned of aerosol and then enters the absorption block 4, where it is cleaned of harmful gases (vapors) and sent through the neck of the lid 1 to the mask respiratory organs.

The use of an absorbing block, consisting of the claimed mixture of granular sorbents and polyethylene, provides universal protection against a wide range of harmful substances, significantly increasing the life of the FPK.

The block is made as follows. A mixture of sorbents and polymer is taken in the stated ratio, loaded into a mixer, for example, of a tubular type. After mixing to a homogeneous state, they are placed in a mold and pressed. Then, the mixture in the form is heat-treated at the softening temperature of the polymer, it is cooled and the absorbing block, which has low resistance to air flow, high strength and sorption properties, is removed from the mold.

The use of constituents of an absorbent block of sorbents is known for protection against individual harmful substances:

- carbon sorbent PAN-3 containing nickel sulfate - from ammonia and its derivatives;

- carbon sorbent KT-17, containing copper, chromium and silver - from vapors of organic substances and acid gases;

- activated carbon SKT-6a - from vapors of organic substances;

- active alumina containing potassium permanganate - from nitrogen oxides.

The analysis of information materials and the results of our own research made it possible to select the qualitative composition of the mixture of sorbents of the absorbing block; the quantitative composition of the mixture was determined as a result of a large amount of experimental research.

In the proposed solution, the use of these signs leads to new properties, allows you to get a new positive effect, which consists, in particular, in creating a universal FPK with a significantly increased service life, and also allows you to reduce labor costs in the manufacture of the block by using a mixture instead of using several absorbing layers.

Experimental studies of FPK prototypes equipped with absorbing blocks containing individual sorbents and their mixtures of various compositions were carried out. The generalized results are shown in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the total value of the time of the protective effect provided individually by sorbents for all harmful substances is significantly lower than that provided by a mixture of the same sorbents taken in the same quantities.

As a result of testing the experimental images of the proposed FPKs, the boxes with the absorption block consisting of a mixture of 31.0-32.0% carbon sorbent containing 24.0-28.0% nickel sulfate, 11.0 turned out to be the most effective in relation to the absorption of harmful substances. -11.5% carbon sorbent containing 6.0-7.5% copper, 2.0-2.5% chromium and 0.04-0.06% silver, 19.0-20.0% activated carbon, 26.0-27.0% active alumina containing 8.0-9.0% potassium permanganate and 11.0-11.5% polyethylene.

These tests also showed that if any component of the mixture was taken less than stated, and the other more, then the effectiveness of the mixture in relation to one or two substances changes. The table shows two examples: with a decrease in the amount of KT-17 sorbent in the mixture and an increase in the amount of ChSPK-3, the protective action time for nitrogen oxides and also for cyclohexane is significantly reduced; with a decrease in the amount of PAN-3 sorbent in the mixture and an increase in SKT-6a, the protective action time for ammonia decreases. However, it should be noted that a decrease in the time of the protective action of FPK in relation to one or two substances was observed in each case of going beyond the declared intervals.

Thus, the proposed FPK respiratory protective equipment provides universal protection against a wide range of harmful substances with significantly different physical and chemical properties and an increased service life.

Table
The time of the protective action of filtering-absorbing boxes with absorbing blocks of various compositions Sorbents and polyethylene The number of sorbents and polyethylene in the block The time of protective action, min Note cm ³ g % ammonia 1.0 mg / dm ³ sulphurous anhydride 2.7 mg / dm ³ nitrogen oxides 0.5 mg / dm ³ cyclohexane, 3.5 mg / dm ³ PAN-3 150 69 91 90 0 0 2 1. Test conditions: FPK tests were carried out at concentrations of harmful substances 0.5-3.5 mg / dm ³ , a gas-air mixture flow rate of 45 dm ³ / min, a relative humidity of 75%, and a temperature of 20 ° C. polyethylene 64 7 9 CT-17 fifty 23 92 polyethylene 21 2 8 0 2 0 5 SKT-6a 150 43 86 0 0 0 fifty polyethylene 64 7 fourteen KhSPK-3 120 55 90 0 90 fifty 5 polyethylene 51 6 10 Total: 90 92 fifty 62 mixture PAN-3 150 69 32 CT-17
SKT-6a fifty
150 23
43 eleven
twenty 110 one hundred one hundred 92 2. The requirement for the time of the protective action of FPK for all substances is 90 minutes. KhSPK-3 120 55 26 polyethylene 201 23 eleven mixture PAN-3 135 62 31 CT-17 47 22 11.5 3. The optimal volume of the mixture
sorbents with polyethylene is 655-671 cm ³ . SKT-6a 135 38 19 one hundred 95 95 90 KhSPK-3 115 53 27 polyethylene 185 22 11.5 mixture PAN-3 150 69 32 CT-17 fifteen 7 3 110 110 60 80 SKT-6a 150 43 twenty 4. Tests conducted on control substances - representatives of groups of substances with
similar chemical properties. KhSPK-3 155 71 34 polyethylene 201 24 eleven mix PAN-3 120 55 27 CT-17 fifty 23 eleven SKT-6a 180 51 25 80 one hundred one hundred 90 KhSPK-3 120 55 26 polyethylene 201 23 eleven

From the above it follows that each of the features of the claimed combination to a greater or lesser extent affects the achievement of a technical result, and the entire population is sufficient to characterize the claimed technical solution.

Claims (1)

A filter-absorbing box of personal respiratory protective equipment containing a lid, a housing with a bottom, an anti-aerosol filter, an absorbing block of a granular sorbent fused with plastic, characterized in that the block consists of a mixture of granular sorbents and polyethylene in the following ratio of components, wt.% : carbon sorbent containing 24.0-28.0% nickel sulfate 31.0-32.0 carbon sorbent containing 6.0-7.5% copper, 2.0-2.5% chromium and 0.04-0.06% silver 11.0-11.5 activated carbon 19.0-20.0 active alumina containing 8.0-9.0% potassium permanganate 26.0-27.0 polyethylene 11.0-11.5.