RU2322796C2 - Method for utilization of forest residues - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process for utilization of forest residues immediately at production sites in commercial wood harvesting.

SUBSTANCE: method involves extracting stumps and roots of felled trees from ground; crosscutting stumps into parts; collecting crosscut stumps, roots, branches and tops of felled trees and grinding the above; sorting out ground mass and separating particles having sizes of at least 10 mm from main mass; drying main mass to moisture content of 8-10% and pressing to melting temperature of wood resin for forming wood briquettes with the use of its resin; directing part of ground mass separated from main mass for dry distillation in order to obtain distillation products; utilizing thermal energy generated during dry distillation process for drying of main ground mass before pressing process, and directing gas into internal combustion engines for driving of forest residue regeneration complex units.

EFFECT: provision for complete forest residue processing cycle allowing wide range of useful products to be manufactured for various branches of industry, full clearing of cuttings from forest residues, and preparing of soil for forest restoration.

Description

The invention relates to the field of waste management, in particular to the disposal of wood waste in the cutting area, and can be widely used in the logging industry of industrial wood, when laying railways and roads, oil and gas pipelines, high-voltage power lines through the taiga.

The simplest way to utilize wood waste by burning it in bonfires and stoves is well-known, depending on the conditions and place of their accumulation: in the premises, the courtyard, on the garden plot, street, in the park.

The method has several disadvantages:

- fire hazard when breeding fires in windy weather and in large quantities of waste;

- uneconomical when burning in bonfires, thermal energy of combustion is not used;

- inconvenient when burning in furnaces: small waste when loaded in the form of sawdust, wood chips and shavings scatter and clog the room, bulky waste in the form of sticks, scraps of boards require their grinding with a saw or ax;

- unsuitable for disposal on cutting areas due to the inefficiency and fire hazard of open flames.

A known method for the continuous production of fuel briquettes, involving the procurement of the source of combustible raw materials in the form of sawdust and a binder in the form of paraffin. The latter is heated until melting and mixed with sawdust in the mixer, the resulting mixture is cooled in the refrigerator to ambient temperature, while the hot mixture is fed into the refrigerator in a continuous stream and air is supplied there, the temperature of which is lower than the hot mixture, the air comes into close contact with the mixture, taking the heat generated by it, the heated air is removed from the refrigerator, and the cooled mixture is subjected to formation to obtain combustible briquettes (US Patent No. 4042349, CL C10L, publication of August 16, 1977).

The advantages of the method over the well-known are the ability to store briquettes in special conditions, the full use of heat during combustion, with careful handling does not form litter, is convenient when burning briquettes in stoves and fireplaces.

The disadvantages of the method are as follows:

- storage of briquettes requires special temperature conditions;

- when burning briquettes in a furnace, their stock must be kept as far away from the fire as possible so that they do not melt;

- on the hands when loading briquettes there are traces of paraffin, which creates certain inconveniences;

- unreliability of transportation and transshipment;

- the need for an external binder;

- unsuitability for use in the cutting area due to the need to deliver a binder to the cutting area and the need for small wood waste in the form of sawdust.

A known method of recycling wood waste, including their selection, cutting knots, bucking large wood, crushing it and turning it into wood chips, sorting, gas generation to produce gas that feeds the internal combustion engine of a self-propelled chassis (RF Patent No. 2097964, class 6 A01G, with priority dated 12/19/95).

The method has advantages over the previous one, consisting in the use of logging waste, in the preparation of raw materials for further disposal, in a high technological level of disposal.

However, the method has several disadvantages:

- limited use of waste located only on the soil surface;

- incomplete amount of wood cutting from wood waste;

- obtained during the disposal of products, for example, gas is unsuitable for export from the cutting area due to its low density;

- small volume of utilized waste;

- limited use of the product obtained during disposal;

- incomplete amount of cleaning the cutting area from wood waste; only that located on the soil surface is removed from the cutting area.

Despite the above disadvantages, the specified technical solution, as the closest analogue, can be taken as a prototype.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a method that provides a technical result, consisting in:

- complete cleaning of the cutting area from wood waste: roots, stumps, peaks and branches of felled trees;

- preparing soil for reforestation and sowing seeds of tree species cut down during harvesting, or other species;

- the full cycle of processing wood waste with a wide range of useful products for various industries;

- obtaining products that are economically viable for their export from remote regions from industrial and residential centers: fuel cells (briquettes), wood alcohol, vinegar, rosin and others;

- productivity, ensuring the recoupment of the initial costs of waste disposal equipment.

This technical result according to the proposed application for the invention is achieved by the fact that directly at the place of logging waste when harvesting commercial wood, all stumps and roots of felled trees are removed from the soil, stumps are cut to pieces, harvested stumps, roots, branches and peaks of felled trees are collected and grinding them, sorting the crushed mass with separation from the bulk of the particles with a value equal to or more than 10 mm, carry out the drying of the main crushed mass to a moisture content of 8-10% and feed it to sowing, the main crushed mass is pressed to the melting temperature of the wood resin to form wood briquettes due to its own resin, while part of the crushed mass separated from the main one is sent to dry distillation to obtain distillation products, and the thermal energy obtained in the process of dry distillation is used to drying the bulk before pressing, and the gas is sent to internal combustion engines to drive the aggregates of the logging waste disposal complex.

Thus, the proposed method allows directly on the cutting site to carry out the full cycle of processing wood waste to obtain a wide range of useful products used in various sectors of the economy, and to produce compact and cost-effective removal from the cutting site of produced products: fuel briquettes, wood alcohol, vinegar, rosin, tanning substances, etc. In addition, the entire recycling cycle can be carried out through the use of energy obtained by gasification of the same forest waste.

The proposed method is as follows.

A specialized complex consisting of separate technological units mounted on self-propelled chassis, for example, with caterpillar engines, is built in the strictly defined sequence of the technological cycle for collecting logging waste, for preparing raw materials for briquetting, pressing and molding of wood briquettes, dry distillation wood. In the process of collecting logging waste, preparing raw materials, briquetting, dry distillation, plowing and sowing, the complex moves around the cutting area, picking up the tops and branches of trees, uprooting stumps and roots. Uprooted stumps are first subjected to bucking into several large parts. The tops of the trees are processed by cutting off branches (branches) from them, the trunks of the tops of the trees, together with the cut stumps and roots, are processed into wood chips, which together with the branches of the trees are crushed to a particle size of not more than 10 mm. Since, for various reasons, when grinding wood chips and tree branches, particles of a size equal to or greater than 10 mm are obtained, the wood pulp consisting of wood particles is sorted, separating from the bulk of the particle with a value equal to or greater than 10 mm. The bulk of the wood is dried to a moisture content of 8-10%, for example, by aero-fountain method. Dried wood pulp is served for pressing. In the process of pressing the wood pulp is heated as a result of the friction of the particles with each other to the melting point of the wood resin. Wood resin is squeezed out of the cells of wood particles under pressure and connects them together. Wood pulp mixed with resin is formed into briquettes. The briquettes that have cooled in air acquire the necessary strength and hardness for transportation. The density of the obtained briquettes ensures the economic feasibility of the export of wood waste from the cutting area.

Chopped wood in the process of preparing wood raw materials for briquetting is partially sent to the dry distillation of wood and, above all, that part of it that is separated when sorting from the bulk of the wood. The thermal energy obtained as a result of dry distillation is used to dry the wood pulp before pressing, and gas is partially used to produce mechanical energy using internal combustion engines to drive the press, units for preparing the wood for pressing and to obtain electric energy, which ensures comfortable working and living conditions for staff . As a result of dry distillation of wood, in addition to gas, useful products are also obtained: wood alcohol, vinegar, rosin and a number of others. These products and fuel briquettes are packed, poured into containers and sent to consumers. Since the density of the products obtained is higher than the initial wood waste, their removal from the cutting area is economically more profitable than the removal of waste in the form of stumps, roots, branches or wood chips obtained from them.

After removing stumps and roots from the soil and cleaning the soil from blockages of branches and tops of felled trees, the land is plowed and a special aggregate is sown with seeds of felled trees or other tree species.

Thus, the proposed method of disposal allows you to completely clear the felling area from wood waste, directly compress it and receive fuel briquettes, as well as dry distillation products and carry out their compact removal from the felling area, which significantly reduces the cost of work on the disposal of logging waste.

Claims (1)

A method of disposing of logging waste directly at the place of its receipt during harvesting of commercial wood, including removing stumps and roots of felled trees from the soil, bucking stumps into parts, collecting cut stumps, roots, branches and tops of felled trees and their grinding, sorting the crushed mass with separation from the bulk of the particles with a value equal to or more than 10 mm, drying the main ground mass to a moisture content of 8-10% and feeding it to pressing, pressing the main ground mass to the melting temperature of wood th resin for the formation of wood briquettes due to its own resin, while part of the crushed mass separated from the main one is sent to dry distillation to obtain distillation products, and the thermal energy obtained in the process of dry distillation is used to dry the main ground mass before pressing, and the gas is sent into internal combustion engines for driving aggregates of a logging waste complex.