RU2321765C1 - Starter-generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automotive industry.

SUBSTANCE: starter-generator comprises two-phase rectifying inductive machine with electromagnetic asymmetry, transistor commutator made of the minimum number of switches. The main winding of each of two phases is connected with the power source through a transistor of the inverter. Each recuperating winding of two phases is connected with the power source through a diode of inverter.

EFFECT: simplified structure and reduced losses.

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Description

The present invention relates to electrical equipment of transport and is intended for use in the automotive industry, aircraft and shipbuilding, autonomous voltage generators, devices for testing internal combustion engines (ICE), etc. for starting internal combustion engines and generating electricity for the needs of an onboard electrical network.

Known starter generator comprising a DC collector motor, a mechanical transmission and an alternator with a rectifier and field winding on the rotor connected via contact rings to the voltage regulator of the generator, and mechanically connected to the shaft of the internal combustion engine through a belt drive, the rotor of the collector motor in operation, its starter is connected mechanically with the flywheel of the shaft of the internal combustion engine (Yutt V.E. Electrical equipment of cars. - M ., Transport, 1995 .-- 303 p.).

The disadvantages of this device are the high complexity of the design, due to the presence of two electric machines, a mechanical gearbox, a belt drive and a flywheel, large losses of friction energy in a mechanical transmission, a limited service life of the gearing gear of the starter with the flywheel of the internal combustion engine, low reliability of the elements, mainly a belt drive connecting the shaft of an internal combustion engine to a generator and a DC motor with a brush-collector assembly.

Known starters-generators containing an asynchronous machine, the terminals of a three-phase winding of which are connected to the terminals of a three-phase autonomous voltage inverter, the control inputs of which are connected to the output of the automatic control unit, and the power input through an additional DC / DC converter is connected to the battery terminals, the shaft of the asynchronous machine is connected via a gearbox with the shaft of an internal combustion engine (RF Patent No. 2173020, 2001, IPC Н02Р 9/44; F02N 11/04. RF Patent №2150602, 2000, IPC F02N 11/04). In such starter-generators, one asynchronous electric machine is used, operating in a motor mode when starting an internal combustion engine and a generator when operating an internal combustion engine.

The disadvantages of such devices are the complexity of the power supply circuit of an induction motor containing a three-phase inverter and an additional DC / DC converter, as well as large losses of energy and voltage. The current from the battery to the motor winding flows through three transistor switches connected in series (two keys of the inverter and the key of the additional DC / DC converter). When the voltage of the vehicle batteries is 12 ... 27 V and high currents in the starter mode, the power loss on these elements is commensurate with the power of the starter.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest to the achieved result to the proposed device is a starter-generator for internal combustion engines, containing a valve-inductor machine whose rotor is mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a position sensor, power switch, phase current sensors, mode switch “Starter-generator”, and a control unit, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the position sensor, phase current sensors and switch mode “starter-generator ator ”, and the outputs are connected to the control inputs of the power switch (Fahimi B., Emadi A., Sepe RB A Switched Reluctance Machine-Based Starter / Alternator for More Electric Cars / IEEE Transactions on energy conversion / Vol.19, No 1, March 2004 .-- P.116-124).

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the power supply circuit of the valve-induction motor (when using a three-phase motor, the circuit contains six transistors and six diodes, and when using a four-phase motor - eight transistors and eight diodes), as well as large losses of energy and voltage in the transistor switches and diodes. When the battery voltage is 12 ... 27 V and high currents in the starter mode, the power loss on these elements is commensurate with the power of the starter.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the device and reduce energy losses in the elements of the control system.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known starter-generator for internal combustion engines, containing a valve-induction machine, the rotor of which is mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a position sensor, power switch, current sensors, switch mode "starter-generator", and a control unit whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the position sensor, current sensors, and the “starter-generator” mode switch, and the outputs are connected to the control inputs of the power switch, The valve-inductor machine is made two-phase with electromagnetic asymmetry, each phase contains two windings - the main and recovery, the power switch contains four transistor switches and four diodes, the beginnings of the two main windings are connected together and through the first current sensor are connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the ends through the first and second transistor switches respectively connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the ends of the two recovery windings are connected together and through the second sensor then but connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the beginning through the first and second diodes respectively are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the end of the first main winding is connected through a series-connected third diode and the third transistor switch to the positive terminal of the battery, the end of the second main winding is connected through a series-connected fourth diode and a fourth transistor switch to a positive terminal of the battery.

Compared with the closest similar technical solution, the proposed device has the following new features:

- valve-inductor machine is made of two-phase with electromagnetic asymmetry, each phase contains two windings - the main and recovery;

- the power switch contains four transistor switches and four diodes;

- the beginnings of the two main windings are connected together and through the first current sensor with a positive battery terminal, and the ends through the first and second transistor switches respectively are connected to the negative battery terminal, the ends of the two recovery windings are connected together and through the second current sensor are connected to the positive battery terminal, and start through respectively the first and second diodes are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the end of the first main winding through series-connected third diode and third The first transistor switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, the end of the second main winding is connected via a fourth diode and the fourth transistor switch connected in series to the positive terminal of the battery.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the requirement of "novelty."

When implementing the invention, the design of the starter-generator is simplified by simplifying the power part of the control system - the transistor switch contains a minimum number of keys - 4. The main winding of each of the two phases is connected to the power source through one inverter transistor, and each of the recovery windings of the two phases is connected to power supply through one inverter diode,

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the requirement of "positive effect".

For each distinguishing feature, a search is made for known technical solutions in the field of electrical engineering, electric drive and electric equipment of vehicles.

Starter-generators containing a two-phase valve-inductor machine with magnetic asymmetry, each phase of which contains two windings - the main and recovery, and the power switch contains four transistor switches and four diodes, the beginnings of two main windings are connected together and through the first current sensor are connected to the positive the battery terminal, and the ends through the first and second transistor switches respectively are connected to the negative battery terminal, the ends of the two recovery windings are connected together and through A second current sensor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the beginning through the first and second diodes respectively are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the end of the first main winding is connected through a series-connected third diode and the third transistor key to the positive terminal of the battery, the end of the second main winding is connected through series-connected the fourth diode and the fourth transistor switch to the positive terminal of the battery are not found in the known technical solutions.

Thus, these features provide the claimed technical solution according to the requirement of "significant differences".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the starter-generator, figure 2 shows the timing diagrams of its operation in starter mode, figure 3 shows the diagrams of operation in generator mode. In figure 1 is indicated: 1 - switch mode "starter - generator"; 2 - control unit; 3 - power switch containing the first 4, second 5, third 6 and fourth 7 transistor switches, the first 8, second 9, third 10 and fourth 11 diodes, 12 and 13 - the first and second current sensors, 14 - two-phase valve-inductor machine with electromagnetic asymmetry, containing the rotor 15, the first main 16 and recovery winding 17 of the winding (phase A), the second main 18 and regenerative 19 of the winding (phase B); 20 - position sensor; 21 - an internal combustion engine; 22 - battery.

In the proposed starter-generator valve-inductor machine 3 is made of two-phase with electromagnetic asymmetry, each phase (A and B) contains two windings - the main (16 and 18) and recovery (17 and 19), the rotor 15 of the valve-inductor machine 14 is mechanically connected with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 21 and the position sensor 20, the power switch 3 contains four transistor switches 4-7 and four diodes 8-11, the beginning of the two main windings 16 and 18 are connected together and the battery is connected to the positive terminal through the first current sensor 12 22, and the ends through the first 4 and second 5 transistor switches are connected to the negative terminal of the battery 22, the ends of the two recovery windings 17 and 19 are connected together and through the second current sensor 13 are connected to the positive terminal of the battery 22, and the beginning through the first 8 and second respectively 9 diodes are connected to the common terminal of the battery 22, the end of the first main winding 16 is connected through a third diode 10 and the third transistor switch 6 connected to the positive terminal of the battery 22, the end of the second main the slots 18 are connected through a fourth diode 11 and a fourth transistor switch 7 connected in series to the positive terminal of the battery 22.

The operation diagrams of the starter-generator in the starter mode are shown in figure 2, where it is indicated: L _A - inductance of the main winding of phase A; L _B - inductance of the main winding of phase B; L _min , L _max - minimum and maximum values of inductance; u _b4 , u _b6 , u _b5 , u _b7 - control voltages at the inputs of transistor switches, respectively 4, 6, 5, 7; i ₁₆ , i ₁₇ , i ₁₈ , i ₁₉ are the currents of the windings, respectively 16, 17, 18 and 19; θ is the angle of rotation of the shaft.

The starter-generator in the starter mode operates as follows. The operating mode switch 1 is set to position C ("starter"). The control unit generates control pulses for the transistor switches 4, 5, 6, and 7 in accordance with the signals of the rotor position sensor 20 in such a way that the transistor switch of the corresponding phase is switched on when the rotor is in an inconsistent position. The transistor switch 4 (phase A) at 0≤θ≤θ _{1 is} open, the current from the battery flows through the main winding 16. The mechanical moment developed by phase A is

, т.к.

.

because

.

,Wherein

,

where E is the battery voltage;

Δu ₄ - voltage drop on the open key 4;

r ₁₆ is the active resistance of the first main winding 16.

When θ ₁ ≤θ≤θ ₂ transistor switch 4 (phase A) is open, the current from the battery flows through the main winding 16. In this case

;

.

;

.

, ток i₁₆ и момент М_A возрастают при увеличении угла θ.Moreover, M _A > 0 and

, current i ₁₆ and moment M _A increase with increasing angle θ.

With θ ₂ ≤θ≤θ _6, phase A operates in current limiting mode. The transistor switches 4 and 6 (phase A) are switched in accordance with the signals of the control unit 2. When the transistor switches 4 and 6 are switched on, the self-induction emf of phase A is closed through the winding 16, the current sensor 12, diode 10 and the open transistor 6.

,

,

where Δu ₆ is the voltage drop across the open transistor 6;

Δu ₁₀ - voltage drop across the diode 10.

, накопленная в индуктивности, преобразуется в механическую работу, совершаемую двигателем, а также частично рассеивается в активном сопротивлении r₁₆ обмотки и транзисторном ключе 4. При этом момент М_A>0.Current i ₁₆ decreases, energy

accumulated in the inductance is converted into mechanical work performed by the motor, and is also partially dissipated in the active resistance r _{16 of the} winding and the transistor key 4. In this case, the moment M _A > 0.

When the transistor key 4 is open and the transistor key 6 is closed, the processes are similar to those occurring when θ ₁ ≤θ≤θ ₂ .

When θ ₆ ≤θ≤θ _{8, the} transistor switches 4 and 6 are closed, the diode 8 is open. Wherein

,

,

where Δu ₈ is the voltage drop across the diode 8.

индуктивного накопителя фазы в аккумулятор 22 и, следовательно, подзаряд аккумулятора 22. Ток i₁₇ рекуперационной обмотки при этом уменьшается, моментThe current of the first recovery winding i ₅ decreases. In this case, energy recovery

the inductive phase accumulator into the accumulator 22 and, therefore, the recharge of the accumulator 22. The current i _{17 of the} regenerative winding decreases, the moment

.

.

When θ ₈ ≤θ≤θ _{9, the} transistor switches 4 and 6 are closed, the diode 8 is open.

Wherein

, т.к. L_A=const;

because L _A = const;

M _A = 0;

.

.

The current i _{17 of the} recovery winding 17 is reduced, the energy stored in the inductance is transferred to the battery 22.

The processes occurring in phase B are similar, but occur with an angle shift θ = θ ₆ .

The current sensors 13 and 14 generate signals proportional to the currents of the main and recovery windings, which are fed to the inputs of the control unit 2. The control unit 2, depending on the values of these signals, corrects the switching angles of the transistor switches and limits the currents of the windings of phases A and B in maximum power mode .

Figure 3 shows the graphs of the starter-generator in generator mode. In this mode, the operation of the device is as follows. The mode switch 1 is set to position G ("generator"). The control unit 2 generates control pulses for the transistor switches 4, 5, 6 and 7 in accordance with the signals of the rotor position sensor 20 so that the transistor switch of the corresponding phase is switched on when the rotor position is close to the agreed one.

;When θ ₈ ≤θ≤θ _{9, the} transistor switch 4 is open. Current i ₁₆ flows from the battery 22 through the current sensor 13, the main winding of phase A and the transistor switch 4. In this case, L _A = const;

;

.

.

The current in the winding 16 increases, while there is an accumulation of energy in the inductance of the phase A winding, i.e. initial excitation of the generator.

;

;

. Это означает, что генератор является нагрузкой для двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Механическая энергия от двигателя внутреннего сгорания за счет уменьшения индуктивности вызывает увеличение тока i₁₆.When θ ₉ ≤θ≤θ _{10, the} transistor switch 4 is closed, and the transistor switch is open. Wherein

;

;

. This means that the generator is the load for the internal combustion engine. Mechanical energy from an internal combustion engine due to a decrease in inductance causes an increase in current i ₁₆ .

.Wherein

.

Since the energy in the inductive storage is proportional to the value of this inductance and the square of the current, with a linear decrease in inductance, the current increases in proportion to the square of the inductance, as a result of which the energy stored in the inductance increases. Due to this, the excitation of the generator is carried out mainly due to the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine and only partially due to the battery.

When θ ₁₀ ≤θ≤θ ₁₂ all transistor switches are closed, and the diode 8 is open.

;

;

.Wherein

;

;

.

The current flowing through the recovery winding 17 of phase A charges the battery. Wherein

.

.

The battery is charged due to the energy stored in the inductance and due to the mechanical work performed by the internal combustion engine.

When θ ₁₂ ≤θ≤θ ₁₃ all transistor switches are closed.

;

;

;Wherein

;

;

;

.

.

The energy stored in the inductive storage provides battery power.

The processes in phase B are similar, but occur with a shift with respect to phase A by an angle θ = θ ₆ .

Thus, the use in a starter-generator for internal combustion engines containing a valve-inductor machine, the rotor of which is mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a position sensor, a power switch, phase current sensors, a "starter-generator" mode switch and a control unit the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the position sensor, phase current sensors, and the “starter-generator” mode switch, and the outputs are connected to the control inputs of the power switch, additional but a two-phase valve-induction machine with magnetic asymmetry, each phase of which contains two windings - the main and recovery, and the power switch contains four transistor switches and four diodes, the beginnings of two main windings are connected together and through the first current sensor are connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the ends through respectively the first and second transistor switches are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the ends of the two recovery windings are connected together and through the second current sensor are connected to to the positive terminal of the battery, and the beginning through respectively the first and second diodes are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the end of the first main winding is connected through a series-connected third diode and the third transistor key to the positive terminal of the battery, the end of the second main winding is connected through a series-connected fourth diode and fourth transistor the key to the positive conclusion of the battery allows you to simplify the design of the device and reduce energy loss in the elements of the system s management.

Using the proposed technical solution in automobiles will provide increased efficiency and quality of operation of the starter-generator device.

Claims (1)

A starter-generator for internal combustion engines, comprising a valve-induction machine, the rotor of which is mechanically connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a position sensor, a power switch, current sensors, a "starter-generator" mode switch and a control unit whose inputs are connected to the outputs position sensors, current sensors and a switch mode "starter-generator", and the outputs are connected to the control inputs of the power switch, characterized in that it is additionally a valve-inductor the machine is made two-phase with electromagnetic asymmetry, each phase contains two windings - the main and recovery, the power switch contains four transistor switches and four diodes, the beginning of two main windings are connected together and through the first current sensor are connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the ends through the first and the second transistor switches are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the ends of the two recovery windings are connected together and through the second current sensor are connected to the positive the output of the battery, and the beginning through the first and second diodes respectively are connected to the negative terminal of the battery, the end of the first main winding is connected through a series-connected third diode and the third transistor key to the positive terminal of the battery, the end of the second main winding is connected through a series-connected fourth diode and fourth transistor switch to the positive terminal of the battery.

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