RU2321478C1 - Suspended machine for butt welding of rails - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processes and equipment fro contact welding of railway road rail butts.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes stationary housing and movable housing mounted on two guides. Two transformers and hydraulic cylinders for upsetting are arranged on stationary housing. Rods of said hydraulic cylinders are arranged with possibility of acting upon movable housing. Centering mechanism includes lever system containing two double-arm levers mounted in each housing and having electrodes secured to one end of each lever. Other ends of said levers are joined with rod of centering hydraulic cylinder through intermediate link joining lever ends. Two clamping levers are mounted on pivots in each housing of machine and hydraulic cylinder for preliminarily clamping rails are mounted clamping levers. On end of one clamping lever main hydraulic cylinder for clamping rail is mounted with possibility of rotation.

EFFECT: improved quality of welded joint, enhanced accuracy of matching end butts of rails along rolling surface, improved repairing ability, shortened time period of maintaining, possibility of emergency free operation.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for butt welding of rails and can be used for welding rail joints in transit.

Known welding machines that provide a combination of the welded ends of the rails, their welding and cutting the burr in a hot state.

These machines are taken as analogues. See the book “Equipment for resistance welding of rails and its operation”, edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences Kuchuk-Yatsenko SI, Kiev 1974, p. 75, Fig. 40, K355 machine. Description of the invention to A.S. No. 959948 V23K 11/04 "Installation for flash butt welding of rails."

The machines consist of two housings made in the form of clamp clamps with a lever system and two vertically standing clamp hydraulic cylinders, two transformers installed inside the box-type housings, a central axis on which the movable housing is mounted and inside which an electrohydro tracking system is mounted, two guides passing through both cases, which are simultaneously current leads, of two draft cylinders.

The disadvantages of these machines are their low maintainability and the possibility of self-destruction of the machine when clamping, for example, a rail with only one body, in addition, the lever system of these machines does not provide stable clamping forces of the rails when the electrodes are worn or the thickness of the rail neck is fluctuated. This disadvantage does not allow to achieve the technical result of the invention, which consists in ensuring trouble-free operation and stable clamping forces.

Known machine K-255, designed for welding in the way of heavy types of rails. See the book "Equipment for resistance welding of rails and its operation", edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences Kuchuk-Yatsenko SI, Kiev 1974, p. 67, Fig. 36a.

This car is taken as a prototype.

The machine contains clamp clamps, which are two-arm levers in the form of box-type housings mounted on a central axis. In the lower part of the clamps, electrodes are installed over the entire length of the housing, which are the clamping, centering and supplying electric current element, and in the upper part of the levers there is a horizontal clamp hydraulic cylinder.

The disadvantage of such machines is their low maintainability due to the location of transformers inside the buildings. Two lateral guides are a continuation of the rods of the upset hydraulic cylinders. Access to tire and busbar mounting bolts is difficult, the state of the contact surfaces of which must be revised from time to time and the bolts tightened.

When the rail is clamped only in a movable or stationary body, the guides bend (unrecoverable marriage) under the action of the clamping forces. The electrodes clamping the rail and supplying current must have a smooth surface, which leads to an increase in clamping force to prevent slipping during settlement.

The massive central axis, which determines the rigidity of the machine, passes through the welding zone directly above the rail. A multi-lever puller, which makes it difficult to control the alignment of the welded ends before welding and to clean the weld zone from burrs, in addition, the spring-loaded balls in the electrodes do not reliably press the rolling surface of the welded rails to the stops.

These disadvantages do not allow to achieve a technical result created by the proposed invention, which consists in reducing the time of maintenance of the machine. The task and the technical result are as follows:

- improving the quality of the welded joint;

- improving the accuracy of combining the welded ends of the rails on the surface of the skating;

- increase maintainability;

- reduction of service time;

- ensuring trouble-free operation.

The proposed invention has the following set of essential features having a causal relationship with the technical result. In the already known machine, which consists of a fixed casing and mounted on two guides of the moving casing, two transformers also located on the fixed casing, two draft cylinders, the rods of which are located to provide an impact on the moving casing, a puller, electrodes and current leads.

Distinctive features from the prototype features that create the specified technical result are the following:

the machine is equipped with a centering mechanism, including a lever system of two two-arm levers mounted on each of the housings with electrodes fixed at one end of each of them, the other ends of which are connected through the connecting link to the rod of the centering hydraulic cylinder, the end of which is moveable in guides, as well as two clamping levers mounted on the axes in each of the machine housings, on which the rail pre-clamping hydraulic cylinder is fixed. At the end of one clamping lever, the main hydraulic clamping rail is mounted for rotation.

The scraper contains an upper height-adjustable knife and two spring-loaded side knives mounted on the axles with the possibility of movement together with the electrodes, which is ensured by the stops mounted on the two-arm levers of the centering mechanism, hooks mounted on the side knives, and springs installed in the side body knives and interacting through pushers with emphasis on two shoulders levers.

A mechanism for pulling the rail up to the stops is installed in each of the housings, containing a hydraulic cylinder and two pulling levers mounted on the axles with the possibility of gripping the rail head.

The definition of the prototype as the closest analogue allowed us to identify a set of essential in relation to the technical result of the features in the claimed device, which are set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The search results show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow the prior art for a specialist, since the technical solutions prescribed by this invention, characterized by significant features distinguishing from the prototype, to achieve a technical result are not identified. Therefore, the claimed solution meets the requirement of "level of invention" pulling the rail up to the stops.

Figure 1 shows a machine hanging for butt welding of rails, front view.

Figure 2 - machine, view along arrow A (A).

Figure 3 is a section along B (B), which shows the mechanism of pulling the rail up to the stops.

Figure 4 is a section along the C (C) of the centering mechanism.

Figure 5 is a section along bb with a view of the filler.

Figure 6 is a section along the G-G in the clamped position of the levers 17, 18.

7 is a section along the G-D in the diluted position of the levers 17, 18, with electrodes 8, 9 and knives 30, 31.

In Fig.8 is a view along arrow D (Fig.5).

Hanging machine for butt welding of rails (hereinafter referred to as the machine) is arranged as follows.

The movable housing 1, the stationary housing 2, the guides 3, the transformers 4, the hydraulic cylinders of the draft 5, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders of the draft 6, the sleeve 7, electrodes 8, 9 (figure 4), current leads 10, 11, levers 12, 13 (figure 2) contain corrugated straps 14, 15, the alignment mechanism includes a lever system 16 (Fig. 4), two shoulders levers 17, 18, an intermediate link 19, a alignment cylinder 20, a hydraulic cylinder rod 21, a guide 22 of the hydraulic cylinder rod 20 of the axis 23, 24 (Fig. 2 ), on which the levers are installed, the hydraulic cylinder 25 of the preliminary clamping rail, trunnion 26, 27, the main hydraulic cylinder 28 zazhi rail, upper height-adjustable knife 29 (Fig. 5) of the scraper, side knives 30, 31, axis 32, on which the side knives are mounted with the ability to move together with the electrodes, emphasis 33 on the levers 17, 18, hook 34, plate spring 35, axis 36 (Fig. 3), the main cylinder pusher 37, the rail pull-up mechanism 38, the rail 39, the stop 40, the pull-up hydraulic cylinder 41, the pull-up levers 42, 43, the spring 44, the plunger pusher 45, the vertical grooves 46 in the levers 42 , 43. The mechanism of pulling the rail (figure 3) to the stops 40 provides a grip of the rail head lever Ami 42, 43 using springs 44, hydraulic cylinder 41, vertical grooves 46 in the levers 42, 43.

This achieves the technical result, which consists in increasing the accuracy of combining the welded ends of the rails in horizontal and vertical planes.

The machine consists of a fixed casing 2 and a movable casing 1 mounted on two guides 3. Two transformers 4 are installed on the fixed casing, two draft cylinders 5, the rods 6 of which act on the movable casing 1. Lever systems 16 are installed in the movable and fixed casing (Fig. 4) with two shoulders levers 17, 18, which are connected through an intermediate link 19 to the hydraulic cylinder 20, the end of the rod of which moves along the guide 22. The levers 12, 13 (Fig. 2) are mounted on the axes 23, 24 and are connected to the hydraulic cylinder 25 of the preliminary clamp and gidrotsilinlr rail 39. The main rail clamp 28 mounted on the trunnions 26, 27 at one end of a lever 13 rotatably. On the movable housing, a scraper 7 (Fig. 5) is installed, consisting of an upper height-adjustable knife 29 and two spring-loaded side knives 30, 31 mounted on axles 32 with the possibility of movement together with electrodes, which is provided by stops 33 mounted on two shoulders levers of the centering mechanism, hooks 34, mounted on the side knives, and springs 35 installed in the body of the side knives and interacting via pushers with stops on the two-arm levers.

Belleville spring 35 moves the knife relative to the lever towards the rail. The magnitude of the shift of the knife is determined by the hook 34. In the diluted position of the levers, the cutting edges of the knives are set forward relative to the contact surfaces of the electrodes attached to the levers.

The machine operates as follows.

The machine with a manipulator (not shown in FIG.) Is mounted on the welded ends of the rails, includes a centering mechanism and a rail pull-up mechanism in a fixed casing.

The rail is grabbed by the head and is pulled up to the stops 40 (Fig. 3).

In this case, the hydraulic cylinder 41 is activated, its rod moves up, the levers 42, 43 under the action of the spring 44 converge, capturing the rail head, and due to the grooves 46 in the levers 42, 43, moving up, press the rolling surface of the rail to the stops 40.

This achieves the technical result created by the invention, which consists in increasing the accuracy of alignment of the welded ends of the rails on the surface of the rolling.

In the specified centering mechanism (Fig. 4), the rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20, moving downward with the help of the lever system 16, including the levers 17, 18, synchronously brings together the electrodes 8, 9, shifting the rail and installing it vertically and along the central axis of the machine. In this case, the electrodes 8, 9 compress the neck of the rail. Then (Fig. 2), the hydraulic cylinder 25 of the pre-clamp rail is turned on, reducing the levers 12, 13. After the corrugated straps 14, 15 are closed on the neck of the rail, the movement of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 25 continues, the rod, acting on the lever 13, rotates the main hydraulic cylinder of the clamp 28 in a horizontal position so that the pusher 37 on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 28 rests on the protrusion in the lever 12. Then the hydraulic cylinder 28 is activated, the pusher 37, resting on the upper end of the lever 12, clamps the rail neck with the main force. In this case, the corrugated strips 14, 15 of the levers 12, 13 only clamp the rail without shifting it relative to the machine and without violating the alignment already made by the electrodes.

After the mechanisms of the fixed casing have oriented and clamped one end of the rail, the same procedure is used to orient and clamp the other end of the rail with the moving casing.

The only difference is that when the levers with electrodes move to the rail, the spring-loaded side knives move with them, and since the cutting edges of the knives are set relative to the contact surface of the electrode, they are the first to close around the rail, abutting against each other with a minimum clearance from the rail profile , the movement of the levers with the electrodes continues until the electrodes clamp the neck of the rail. Thus, both ends of the welded rails are aligned and oriented along the central axis of the machine.

This achieves the technical result, which consists in increasing the accuracy of combining the welded ends of the rails on the rolling surface within the tolerance and improving the quality of the welded joint. Then welding transformers are turned on. Pressure is supplied to the draft cylinders, the movable housing brings the ends of the rails together. The rails are being welded. During butt welding, an influx of extruded metal (grata) is formed in the joint zone. After the welding process in the movable housing is completed, the hydraulic cylinder rod 28 is retracted, then the hydraulic cylinder rod 25 is retracted, unclenching the levers 12, 13 and releasing the rail, and the levers 17, 18 with electrodes 8, 9 are unclenched by an amount less than the cutting edges of the knives relative to the electrodes were set . The springs in the body of the knives continue to hold the knives pressed against each other. A movable housing with knives upsetting cylinders is fed forward along the axis of the rail, cutting off the burr. After that, the levers with electrodes and knives are parted, the movable body is retracted back to its original position.

After welding each joint, the operator brushes the weld zone from splashes of molten metal with metal brushes. In the claimed machine in the welding zone there are no mechanisms and there is no central axis that makes it difficult to review and clean the welding zone.

This achieves the technical result, which consists in improving the quality of the welded joint, increasing the level of mechanization of technological operations, reducing the time of maintenance.

Thus, the above information indicates the possibility of using the invention in the form as described in the claims using the above-described in the application of the known and proposed tools. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrially applicable under applicable law." According to the invention, design and technological documentation for the machine MCP-80.01 U1 is developed. A prototype is manufactured and tested. The tests gave a positive result.

Claims (3)

1. A suspension machine for butt welding of rails, comprising a fixed housing and a movable housing mounted on two guides, two transformers and upset hydraulic cylinders located on the stationary housing, the rods of which are located to provide an impact on the movable housing, as well as a puller, electrodes and current leads, characterized in that it is equipped with a centering mechanism, including a lever system of two two-arm levers mounted on each of the housings with electrodes fixed at one end of each of them , the other ends of which through the connecting link connecting them to the rod of the centering hydraulic cylinder, the end of which is placed with the possibility of movement in the guides, as well as two clamp levers mounted on the axes in each of the machine housings, on which the rail pre-clamp hydraulic cylinder is fixed, while at the end one clamping lever is mounted to rotate the main hydraulic clamping rail. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraper comprises an upper height-adjustable knife and two spring-loaded side knives mounted on the axles with the possibility of movement together with the electrodes, which is provided due to the stops mounted on the two-arm levers of the centering mechanism, hooks, mounted on the side knives and springs installed in the body of the side knives and interacting through pushers with stops on two shoulders levers. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for pulling the rail up to the stops installed in each of the casings and containing a hydraulic cylinder and two pulling levers mounted on the axles with the possibility of capturing the rail head.

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