RU2319551C1 - Centrifugal separator for separation of bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing industry, in particular, equipment for separation of bulk material into fractions of different sizes.

SUBSTANCE: centrifugal separator has casing with branch pipes for feeding of bulk material to be separated and discharge of bulk material fractions, supporting shaft with vertical axis of rotation, sieve-type drum located within casing and consisting of a number of sections, disk-type and brush cleaners positioned on the outside of drum, charging device fixed above drum, and drum rotating drive positioned within casing, under drum. Metal shaped rims are fixed to drum top and bottom. Electromagnets with cores are immovably fixed to casing of centrifugal separator, opposite rims and symmetrically relative to vertical axis of drum. Electromagnet cores are provided with cuts wherein metal shaped rims are fixed. Sieve-type drum is connected through arms and bushings with supporting shaft. Arms are connected through flexible members to carriers rigidly fixed on supporting shaft.

EFFECT: reduced frictional losses, decreased unbalanced inertial forces, low vibration loading applied to separator drive, enhanced reliability in operation of centrifugal separator, and controlled separation modes.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and is intended for the separation of bulk material into separate fractions that differ in particle size.

A device for separating granular material with a cylindrical sieve for cleaning grain from impurities. It contains a horizontally located drum in which pests are located (Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment for grain storage and processing enterprises. - Kolos, 1984, p.445, p. 45). The drum and pests rotate around the same axis, but at different speeds. In the upper part of the machine, a cylindrical brush for cleaning the screen cylinder is located on the horizontal axis. A chute with one or two screws is placed under the drum, which remove the product obtained by passing through sieves. The crude mixture enters through the intake opening into the screen cylinder. When it rotates, the product rises to a certain height, and then, under the action of gravity, falls on the rapidly rotating drum whips. Pests are located at an angle to the axis of the drum, discard the product to the sieve, through which it is sifted. The product in the screen cylinder moves in the longitudinal direction. Large particles of the product come off the sieve cylinder.

The disadvantage of this device is low productivity and efficiency in the absence of centrifugal forces, insufficient use of the sieve surface (all material is located in the lower part of the sieve drum).

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a centrifugal separator (Demsky AB, Boriskin MA and other Handbook. Equipment for the production of flour and cereals. - Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 49-52, p. 47 ) for the separation of bulk material, including a housing with nozzles for supplying the material to be separated and removing the separated fractions, a sieve drum with a vertical axis of rotation placed inside it, consisting of a number of sections formed by cylindrical sieves. Outside the drum, disc and brush cleaners are placed. In the lower part of the drum there is a drum rotation drive and a drive with a crank mechanism to create vibrations along its axis.

The device has a high separation efficiency due to the action of significant centrifugal forces. However, with axial vibration of the sieve drum, large loads arise on the drive of the oscillator, since the oscillations of the drum and grain mass occur along the vector of their gravity. The need for vibration of the sieve drum, which has a significant mass, requires additional energy, leads to rapid wear of the drive elements, requires careful balancing of the moving parts. In addition, there is a constant sliding of the disk and brush cleaners in the axial direction, leading to rapid wear of the cleaners and sieves themselves. This is due to the fact that the supports of the cleaners are stationary, and the sieve drum oscillates along the axis of the cleaners. Since the cleaners are constantly pressed to the sieve by springs, it is necessary to overcome additional friction forces during vibration of the sieve drum, which leads to a significant expenditure of energy to overcome the friction forces.

During operation, regulation of separation modes is not provided, caused, for example, by a change in the moisture content of the material, its fractional composition, etc. The universality of this separator is not sufficient if it is necessary to switch to another type of separated mixture, since the rotation speed, frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the sieve drum are constant.

Thus, the disadvantages of the known device do not provide the required reliability during operation, do not allow a wide range of separation modes, do not provide the opportunity to improve the quality of the sifting of bulk material.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce friction forces, reduce uncompensated inertia forces, soften the vibration load on the drive of the centrifugal separator, increase the reliability of the centrifugal separator and provide control of the separation modes.

This is achieved by the fact that the proposed centrifugal separator for separating bulk material, including a housing with nozzles for supplying the separated material and removal of fractions, a support shaft with a vertical axis of rotation, a sieve drum located inside the housing, consisting of a number of sections, disk and brush cleaners located outside the drum , a loading device above the drum, a drum rotation drive located in a housing under the drum. Shaped metal rims are fixed on the drum above and below, electromagnets with cores are fixed on the casing of the centrifugal separator opposite the rims and symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the drum, slots are made in the cores of the electromagnets, in which the shaped metal rims are located, the sieve drum is connected by means of spokes and bushings to a support the shaft, knitting needles through elastic elements connected to carriers, rigidly fixed to the support shaft. The reduction of friction forces is achieved by installing electromagnets and shaped metal rims. The reduction of uncompensated inertia forces is also achieved by installing electromagnets. Mitigation of the vibration load on the separator drive is achieved by installing a carrier. Electromagnets create torsional vibrations in a plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity of the drum and the product in it, as a result, there is no need to overcome these forces. The sieve drum is connected by means of knitting needles and bushings to the support shaft, and the needles themselves are connected via elastic elements to carriers that are rigidly fixed to the support shaft. Elastic elements soften the vibration load transmitted from the drum to the drive. Improving the reliability of operation is also ensured due to the fact that the number of movable elements in the design of the separator is significantly reduced, and friction losses are reduced. In the separator for the separation of bulk materials provides regulation of the separation modes, because when applying alternating voltage to the electromagnets, it is possible to change the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the drum.

Thus, the set of essential features set forth in the formula allows you to achieve the desired technical result.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in Fig.1 is a longitudinal section of a centrifugal separator; figure 2 is a section along aa; figure 3 is a section along BB.

The centrifugal separator for separating bulk material includes a housing 1, a sieve drum 2 with a vertical axis of rotation installed in it, consisting of a number of sections 3, disk 4 and brush 5 cleaners of its outer surface located in the housing outside the drum, a loading device located in the upper part of the drum in the form of a disk spreader 6. On the side of the drum, nozzles 7 are placed for removal of fractions. Shaped metal rims 8 are fixed on the drum 2 from above and below, on the separator housing 1 opposite the rims 8 and electromagnets 9 are fixed symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the drum 9. The cores of the electromagnets 9 have slots in which the shaped metal rims are located 8. The sieve drum 2 is connected by knitting needles 10 and bushings 11 with a support shaft 12, and the spokes 10 themselves are connected via elastic elements 13 to carriers 14, which are rigidly fixed to the support shaft 12. The support shaft 12 is connected via a belt drive 15 to a sep drive Ator 16.

A centrifugal separator for separating bulk material is as follows. The source material after preliminary air separation through the nozzle enters the disk spreader 6 and is evenly, under the action of centrifugal forces, distributed on the surface of the sieve drum 2. Separation into fractions is carried out by forced sliding on the sieve surface. Bulk material sequentially passes through the sieve surfaces of all sections 3, in each of which one of the fractions is separated. In this case, the sieve of the first section has the smallest openings, and at the exit, that is, in the lower section, the sieve has the largest openings.

To create forced sliding, drum 2 receives torsional vibrations from electromagnets 9. Electromagnets 9 create a field under the influence of which, in a rotating shaped metal rim, Foucault eddy currents will arise, depending on the rotation speed of the drum, the magnetic field of which is directed so as to counteract the change magnetic flux inducing eddy currents, respectively, there will be a braking torque transmitted to the drum. When the cut in the shaped rim passes through the core of the electromagnet, the braking torque will be absent. This creates an intermittent braking torque, which provide torsional vibrations of the drum. During the rotation of the drum, the sieve holes are continuously cleaned using disk 4 and brush 5 cleaners.

The sieve drum rotates uniformly without axial vibrations, therefore, disk and brush cleaners move along the sieve surface without axial sliding. This significantly reduces the wear of the working bodies of the cleaners, as well as sieve surfaces.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal separator for separating bulk material, including a housing with nozzles for supplying a shared bulk material and removing fractions of bulk material, a support shaft with a vertical axis of rotation, a sieve drum located inside the housing, consisting of a number of sections, disk and brush cleaners located outside the drum, a loading device above the drum, a drum rotation drive located in the housing under the drum, characterized in that shaped metal rims are fixed on the drum above and below, on the casing of the centrifugal separator opposite the rims and symmetrically relative to the vertical axis of the drum, electromagnets with cores are fixedly fixed, grooves are made in the cores of the electromagnets in which shaped metal rims are located, the sieve drum is connected by means of knitting needles and bushings with a support shaft, the spokes are connected through carriers through elastic elements, rigidly mounted on the support shaft.

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