RU2319171C1 - System for automatic aiming of radio telescope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, namely, large full turn radio telescopes, possible use for finding and tracking quasi-stationary and remote space sources of radio radiation.

SUBSTANCE: in accordance to the invention, additional scanning element is introduced in mirror system, namely, periscope mirror with radio receiver fastened on it, which mirror has small size and mass, resulting in increased precision and speed of scanning, and also aiming errors and deformations of mirror system are measured to restore true distribution of intensity from received signal and to correct the image of space radio radiation source and mobile shields of reflecting surface of main mirror are used with corresponding system for automatic management of their positioning for correcting shape of surface of main mirror.

EFFECT: increased resolution and precision of alignment of radio telescope.

14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, namely to large full-circle radio telescopes (RT), and can be used to detect and track quasistationary and remote space sources of radio emission (KIR).

A known automatic tracking system comprising an antenna, a rotating irradiator, a reference voltage generator, a radio receiver, synchronous detectors, low-pass filters and guidance drives (Theory of tracking systems. / Ed. By H. James, N. Nicols and R. Phillips, M. , "Sov. Radio", 1953, p.257). The principle of operation of the system is based on the method of equal signal zone (MRSZ). A distinctive feature of MRSA is that the information on the position of the KIR relative to the base (receiver) is contained in the value of the main informative parameter, which in most cases is the depth of radiation modulation. The disadvantages of this system are the small range of detection angles and the low accuracy of processing direction finding information to highlight error signals.

As a prototype, a system for automatically pointing to the maximum radio signal (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1108884, class G01S 13/66, 13/02, 1982) was adopted, which contains a cosmic source of radio emission in series, a main antenna mirror with an automatic position control system for the main mirror, which contains two rotation angle sensors, two main mirror guidance drives and two main mirror position controllers, a radio receiver, a comparator and an amplitude video signal detector, as well as a priori software block the target designation of the cosmic source of radio emission associated with the input of the automatic control system for the position of the main mirror, a scanning amplitude regulator connected at the input to the scanning signal generator, and a noise compensation channel, the input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the video signal, and the output to the comparator. Its principle of operation is based on fixing the noise level near the targeting object, bringing the antenna into the zone of the alleged targeting location, conical scanning of the main mirror in this zone, subtracting the noise signal generated from the previously recorded noise level from the received signal, and determining the position of the object using the equivalent signal method zones.

The disadvantages of the prototype are low resolution and pointing accuracy associated with a low gain of the mirror system, the increase of which is limited due to the impossibility of increasing the diameter of the main mirror, leading to an increase in its mass and weighted uncompensated deformations, which in turn lead to the inability to scan the main mirror with a given accuracy and speed.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the resolution and accuracy of pointing the radio telescope by introducing an additional scanning element in the mirror system, namely a periscope mirror with a radio receiver mounted on it, having small dimensions and mass, which increases the accuracy and speed of scanning, as well as the use of measurement pointing errors and deformations of the mirror system to recover from the received signal the true intensity distribution and image correction KIR and using the movable shields of the reflecting surface of the main mirror with the corresponding system of automatic control of their position to correct the shape of the surface of the main mirror.

The problem is solved by the following significant differences from the prototype.

- To enable correction of the surface of the main mirror to reduce deformation distortions and increase the efficiency of the mirror system, the reflective surface of the main mirror is made of movable guided shields.

- To reduce the size and weight of the scanning element of the mirror system to increase the accuracy and speed of scanning between the main mirror mounted in series counterreflector and a scanning periscope mirror with a radio attached to it.

- After the amplitude detector of the video signal, sequentially connected block of synchronous recording of signals, a block of signal memory, an image reconstruction block and an expert system for correcting a mirror system are installed.

- The noise compensation channel comprises serially connected synchronous noise recording unit, noise memory unit and synchronous noise reading unit.

- The mobile shields, the counterreflector and the scanning periscopic mirror are equipped with appropriate automatic position control systems with position correction units, the automatic position control system of the main mirror is also equipped with a position correction unit.

- The software block for a priori target designation is equipped with a memory block for weight corrections with corresponding blocks for writing and reading corrections.

- Additionally included a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, a system for measuring environmental parameters, a unit for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system, a unit for calculating corrections of scanning coordinates, an expert system for correcting the mirror system and a control unit (supervisor).

- The supervisor input is connected to the environmental measurement system and the operator, and the supervisor outputs are connected to the control inputs of the automatic control systems for the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror, the scanning amplitude regulator, the scanning signal generator, the noise synchronous reading unit, the synchronous block noise recording, synchronous signal recording unit, a priori target designation software unit, weight correction reading unit, weight recording unit according to corrections, the unit for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system, the unit for calculating the corrections of the scan coordinates, the system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, the image reconstruction unit and the expert system for correcting the mirror system.

- The outputs of the scan signal generator are connected to the second input of the scan amplitude controller and to the synchronization inputs of the system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, the synchronous signal recording unit, the synchronous noise recording unit, and the synchronous noise reading unit.

- The first output of the scan amplitude controller is connected to the scan input of the automatic control system for the position of the periscope mirror, and the second to the second input of the synchronous signal recording unit, the third input of which is connected to the output of the scan coordinate correction calculation unit.

- The power outputs of the automatic control systems for the position of the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror are connected respectively with the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror, and the information outputs - with the system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, also associated with the structural elements of the main mirror , a counterreflector and a periscopic mirror, and with an expert system for correcting the mirror system.

- The inputs of the software guidance systems for the automatic control of the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror are connected to the outputs of the program unit for a priori target designation, and the correction inputs of these systems are connected to the outputs of the corresponding blocks for correcting the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector, and the periscope mirror.

- The first inputs of the blocks for correcting the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror are connected to the outputs of the expert system for correcting the mirror system, and the second to the outputs of the block for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system, another output of which is also connected to the input of the weight correction recording unit , and two inputs with outputs of a system for measuring environmental parameters and a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, the second output of which is connected to the input of the subtraction unit Lenia scanning coordinate correction, a first output of which is connected to a second input of periscopic mirror position correction.

- The output of the weight corrections recording unit is connected to the input of the weight corrections memory block, the output of which is connected to the input of the weight corrections reading unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the a priori target designation unit of the cosmic radio emission source.

- One information input of the expert system is connected to the output of the image reconstruction unit, the other is connected to the second output of the scan coordinate corrections calculation unit and the third is connected to the output of the system for measuring the displacements of the mirrored system structural elements, and the four outputs of the expert system are connected to the corresponding inputs of the movable shield position correction blocks , the main mirror, the confreflector and the periscope mirror.

The stated essence is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for automatically pointing a radio telescope to a space source of radio emission, Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 are block diagrams of systems for automatically controlling the position of movable shields, a main mirror, a counterreflector, and a periscope mirrors, Fig.6 and 7 is a block diagram of a system for measuring the displacement of structural elements and a system for measuring environmental parameters, Fig.8 is a block diagram of a unit for calculating the optimal position of structural elements of a mirror system we, Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a block for calculating corrections of scanning coordinates, Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an expert system for correcting a mirror system, Fig. 11 is a diagram of a mirror system of a radio telescope, Fig. 12 is a reconstructed image of a point source at wrong position of the movable shields, in Fig.13 is a reconstructed image of a point source with an inconsistent position of the optical axes of the main mirror, counterreflector and periscope mirror and in Fig.14 a reconstructed image of a point source with e kontrreflektorom optimum distance between the mirror and a periscope.

The system for automatically pointing a radio telescope to a space source of radio emission (Fig. 1) includes a series-connected space source 1 of radio emission, movable guarded shields 2 of the main mirror 3, a counterreflector 4, a periscope mirror 5, a radio receiver 6, a comparator 7, an amplitude detector 8 of the video signal, block 9 synchronous a signal recording unit 10, a signal memory unit 10, an image reconstruction unit 11, an expert system 12 for correcting the mirror system, and also a noise compensation channel 13 comprising synchronous noise recording unit 14, noise memory unit 15 and synchronous noise reading unit 16, control unit 17 (supervisor), system 18 for measuring the displacements of structural elements of the mirror system, system 19 for measuring environmental parameters, unit 20 for calculating the optimal position of elements of the mirror system, block 21 for calculating corrections of the coordinates of scanning, block 22 for recording weight corrections, block 23 for memory weight corrections, block 24 for reading weight corrections, program unit 25 for a priori target designation of a space source to a radio signal units, blocks 26-29 correcting the position of the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror, a system 30-33 for automatically controlling the position of the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror, the scanning amplitude regulator 34 and the scanning signal generator 35.

The system 30 for automatic control of the position of the movable panels (Fig. 2) contains a group controller 36 actuators, one input of which is connected to the output of the correction unit 26, the second to the program unit 25, and the outputs with the inputs of the controllers 37 actuators, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of electric power drives 38 actuators, the outputs of which are connected with movable shields 2 and feedback sensors 39, the first outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the controllers 37, and the second to the input of the system 18.

The system 31 for automatically controlling the position of the main mirror (Fig. 3) contains a group controller 40 of the main mirror, one input of which is connected to the output of the correction unit 27, the second to the program unit 25, and the first output to the input of the elevation controller 41, the output of which is connected to the input of the electric power actuator 42 elevation angle, the output of which is connected to the main mirror 3 and the sensor 43 of the feedback of the elevation axis, the output of which is connected to the third input of the group controller 40, the second output of which is connected to the input of the azimuth controller 44, stroke which is associated with the input electric power azimuth drive 45, whose output is connected to the main mirror 3 and the feedback sensor azimuthal axis 46, whose output is connected to fourth input of the group controller 40.

The system 32 for automatic control of the position of the counter-reflector (Fig. 4) contains a group controller 47 of the counter-reflector, one input of which is connected to the output of the correction unit 28, the second to the program unit 25, and the first output to the input of the first motion controller 48, the output of which is connected to the input of the first electric power drive 49 displacement, the output of which is connected to the counterreflector 4 and the first feedback sensor 50, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 48, and the second to the input of the system 18, the second output of the group regulates RA 47 is connected to the input of the second motion controller 51, the output of which is connected to the input of the second electric power drive 52, the output of which is connected to the counterreflector 4 and the second feedback sensor 53, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 51, and the second to the input of the system 18, the third output of the group controller 47 is connected to the input of the third motion controller 54, the output of which is connected to the input of the third electric power drive 55, the output of which is connected to the counter-reflector 4 and the third sensor 56 communication channel, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 54, and the second to the input of the system 18, the fourth output of the group controller 47 is connected to the input of the fourth controller 57, the output of which is connected to the input of the fourth electric drive 58, the output of which is connected to the counter-reflector 4 and a fourth feedback sensor 59, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 57, and the second to the input of the system 18, the fifth output of the group controller 47 is connected to the input of the fifth motion controller 60, the output connected to the input of the fifth electric power drive 61 of the movement, the output of which is connected to the counterreflector 4 and the fifth feedback sensor 62, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 60, and the second to the input of the system 18, the sixth output of the group controller 47 is connected to the input of the sixth motion controller 63, the output of which is connected to the input of the sixth electric power drive drive 64, the output of which is connected to the counterreflector 4 and the sixth feedback sensor 65, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 63 and the second with the input of system 18.

The system 33 for automatically controlling the position of the periscope mirror (Fig. 5) contains a group controller 66 of the periscope mirror, one input of which is connected to the output of unit 29, the second to the program unit 25, the third to the controller 34 and the fourth to the control unit 17, the first output - with the input of the first motion controller 67, the output of which is connected to the input of the first electric power drive 68 of movement, the output of which is connected to the periscope mirror 5 and the first feedback sensor 69, one output of which is connected to the second input of the ontroller 67, and the second one with the input of the system 18, the second output of the group controller 66 is connected to the input of the second motion controller 70, the output of which is connected to the input of the second electric power drive 71, the output of which is connected to the periscope mirror 5 and the second feedback sensor 72, one the output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 70, and the second to the input of the system 18, the third output of the group controller 66 is connected to the input of the third motion controller 73, the output of which is connected to the input of the third electric power drive 74 movement, the output of which is connected to the periscope mirror 5 and the third feedback sensor 75, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 73, and the second to the input of the system 18, the fourth output of the group controller 66 is connected to the input of the fourth controller 76, the output of which connected to the input of the fourth electric power drive 77 displacement, the output of which is connected to the periscope mirror 5 and the fourth feedback sensor 78, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 76, and the second to the input of the systems 18, the fifth output of the group controller 66 is connected to the input of the fifth motion controller 79, the output of which is connected to the input of the fifth electric power drive 80, the output of which is connected to the periscope mirror 5 and the fifth feedback sensor 81, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 79 and the second - with the input of the system 18, the sixth output of the group controller 66 is connected to the input of the sixth controller 82 movement, the output of which is connected to the input of the sixth electric power drive 83 movement, the output of which is connected to the perisk nical mirror 5 and the sixth sensor feedback 84, one output of which is connected to the second input of the controller 82, and the second - to the input of the system 18.

The system 18 for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements (Fig. 6) contains reference reflectors 85 mounted on the ground, an optoelectronic system 86 for measuring the position of the elevation axis of the ES (as a line passing through the centers of the trunnions of the swinging part of the radio telescope) in azimuth relative to the frames on the ground , optoelectronic autocollimation system 87 for measuring the angular deformation of the studs of the pins of the swinging part of the radio telescope relative to the body of the gyrostabilized platform 88, optoelectronic autocollimation system 89 measuring the position of a special structural element of the main mirror (OZ) - a support ring (OK) rigidly connected to the OZ pipe - relative to the body of the gyrostabilized platform, an optoelectronic system 90 measuring the position of movable shields (PS) relative to OK, an optoelectronic system 91 measuring the position of the counterreflector (CR) relative to the OK, the optoelectronic system 92 measuring the position of the periscope mirror (PZ) relative to the OK.

Using the measuring systems 86 and 87, the gyrostabilized platform (GSP) 88 is linked in azimuth to reference points 85, i.e. to the absolute (ground) coordinate system, and with the help of system 89 - binding OK to the GPS and, accordingly, to the absolute coordinate system. Therefore, using systems 90-92, it is possible to determine the position of the elements of the ES relative to the absolute coordinate system.

Systems 86 and 90-92 can be built on the basis of well-known television meters with reference sources or on the basis of laser scanning meters, for example, Metric Vision MV260 laser radars or Leica LTD800 laser trackers.

The environmental parameter measuring system 19 (FIG. 7) includes a wind direction and force meter 93, a temperature meter 94, an earth vibration meter 95, a power voltage frequency meter 96, a power voltage meter 97, a decision unit 98 and a database 99.

As a meter 93, for example, an M63MR anemorumbograph manufactured by NIPK Analit-service LLC, designed for remote measurement of instantaneous, maximum and average speeds and wind direction under stationary conditions, can be used. The meter 94 may be, for example, a thermohygrobarometer LB-715 manufactured by LAB-EL Elektronika Laboratoryjna (Poland), which can measure relative humidity and air temperature, as well as atmospheric pressure. The meter 95 may be, for example, a Geometries StrataVisor ™ NZ seismograph with AGT Systems Ltd. Geode seismic recorder modules Measuring instruments 96 and 97 can be a digital frequency meter and voltmeter. Block 98 may be an expert system implemented in software on a microcomputer, database 99 may be a software organization of the memory of the same microcomputer.

The unit 20 for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the AP contains (Fig. 8) a calculator 100 of the parameters of the approximating paraboloid OZ, a calculator 101 of the optimal coordinates of the PS, a calculator of 102 corrections for elevation and azimuth of the OZ, a calculator of 103 parameters of the approximating ellipsoid of the KR, a calculator of 104 optimal coordinates of the KR, a calculator 105 optimal PZ coordinates.

As a block 20, it is advisable to use a computer. Then, the computer 100 will be the calculator 100, which will determine the parameters of such a paraboloid, whose surface is closest to the measured points on the PG, using the least squares method measured by system 18. Calculator 101 is a computer program that determines, according to the measured points on the PS and the calculated parameters of the approximating paraboloid, the coordinates of the outputs of electric power drives (ESP) or actuators that would correspond to the maximum proximity of the shields to the surface of the approximating paraboloid. Calculator 102 is a computer program that determines, based on the calculated parameters of the approximating paraboloid (the coordinates of its vertex and focus) and the given coordinates of the observed KIR correction for elevation and azimuth of the OZ. Calculator 103 is a computer program that determines, using the least squares method, the parameters of such an approximating ellipsoid that corresponds to the maximum proximity of the measured points to its surface. Calculator 104 is a computer program that determines, based on the coordinates of the vertices and foci of the approximating paraboloid OZ (taking into account the introduced corrections for elevation and azimuth) and the approximating ellipsoid RS, the new optimal coordinates of the RS. Calculator 105 is a computer program that determines, according to the calculated optimal coordinates of the RC, the optimal coordinates of the PP corresponding to the focus of the RC.

Block 21 calculation of corrections of coordinates of scanning PZ (Fig. 9) contains an electrodynamic model 106 of a mirror system (ZS), a calculator 107 coordinates of the maximum electromagnetic energy and a calculator 108 of electrodynamic errors.

As a block 21, it is advisable to use a computer. Then, the electrodynamic model 106 can be a computer program that calculates the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the zone of the assumed focus of the Raman from the current coordinates of the PS OZ and Raman scattering. Calculator 107 is a computer program that determines the coordinates of the maximum electromagnetic energy in the area of the proposed focus of the Raman scattering. Calculator 108 is a computer program that calculates the difference between the coordinates of the maximum electromagnetic energy and the previously calculated focus coordinates of the Raman scattering.

The expert system 12 for correcting the mirror system (Fig. 10) comprises a monitor 109, a training unit 110, a database 111, a knowledge base 112, an inference machine 113, and a corrective actions generating unit 114. The monitor 109 is connected with the block 11 reconstruction of the image, the database 111 data and the operator. The training unit 110 is associated with a database 111, a knowledge base 112, a corrective actions generating unit 114, and an operator. The database 111 is additionally connected with a logical inference engine 113, a system 18 for measuring the displacements of structural elements of the mirror system, an environmental parameter system 19, and a scanning coordinate corrections calculating unit 21. The logical inference machine 113 is additionally connected to the corrective actions generating unit 114, which is additionally connected to the PS, OZ, KR and PZ position correction blocks 26-29, the scanning amplitude controller 34 and the scanning signal generator 35.

Expert system 12 can be implemented on a microcomputer with a monitor. Then the functions of blocks 110-44 are implemented in software.

The main modes of operation of the system for automatically pointing the radio telescope to a space source of radio emission are:

- record of weight corrections,

- training an expert system on signals from well-known powerful KIR,

- calibration or recording of noise near the investigated KIR,

- guidance on the investigated KIR,

- tracking the investigated KIR,

- scanning in the area of the investigated KIR,

- search for unknown KIR in a given zone,

- casting the main mirror into shading,

- verification of measuring systems.

Before each of the listed operating modes of the radio telescope begins, the control unit 17 sends a request for permission to conduct this operating mode to the environmental measurement system 19. After the receipt of this signal, the decision block 98 selects the admissible environmental parameters stored there from the database 99, compares them with the parameters measured by blocks 93-97, and if they are in tolerance, it sends a command to the control block 17 allowing this mode , and if not in the admission, then sends to block 17 a command to prohibit this mode. Further, during the entire operating mode of the radio telescope, system 19 monitors the environment, and if any environmental parameter exceeds the permissible limits, block 98 will send a command to prohibit this mode to block 17 of the control. Then, the control unit 17 will have to transfer the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope into the pinning mode.

In the recording mode of weight corrections, the operation procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After receiving from the decision decision block 98 a command enabling this mode, the control block 17 sends a command to the program block 25 to issue the first tasks of the elevation angles β and azimuth α, and also issues commands to the system 18 for measuring the displacements of the structural elements of the mirror system to launch of its optoelectronic subsystems 86-92.

2. The program unit 25 issues tasks β and α to the group controller 40 of the main mirror of the system 31.

3. The group controller 40 from the received tasks β and α subtracts the values of the rotation angles of the elevated β _T and azimuthal α _T axes of the main mirror, measured by the corresponding feedback sensors 43 and 46, and from these differences generates the corresponding control signals u _β , u _α and transmits them to the respective controllers 41 and 44.

4. The controllers 41 and 44 in accordance with the received signals u _β , u _α and the specified control law (usually proportional-integral-differential (PID)) generate control actions for the corresponding electric power drives 42 and 45.

5. Electric power actuators 41 and 42 rotate the main mirror in elevation and azimuth until the angles measured by sensors 43 and 46 become equal to the specified ones, and, therefore, the voltages u _β , u _α generated by the group controller 40 do not become equal to zero.

6. After the voltages u _β , u _α become equal to zero, the values of the angles β _k and α measured by the sensors 43 and 46 _{to the} group controller 40 are transferred to block 20, namely, to the computer 102 of the elevation and azimuth corrections, and simultaneously the group the controller 40 transmits to the control unit 17 a signal about the output at the elevation and azimuth angles set by the program unit 25.

7. The control unit 17, after receiving a signal about the exit to the specified elevation and azimuth angles, issues to the block 20, namely, to the calculator 100 of the parameters of the approximating paraboloid of the main mirror, to the calculator 103 of the parameters of the approximating ellipsoid of the reflector and to the calculator 105 of the optimal coordinates of the periscopic mirror, commands to beginning of calculations.

8. The computer 100 requests the coordinates of the mobile shields measured by the optoelectronic system 90, calculates the parameters of the approximating paraboloid and passes them to the computer 101 of the optimal coordinates of the mobile shields, the computer 102 of the elevation and azimuth corrections and the computer 104 of the optimal coordinates of the reflector, and the computer 103 requests the measurements of the optoelectronic system 91 coordinates of the counter-reflector, calculates the parameters of the approximating ellipsoid and moves them to the calculator 104 optimal coordinates of the counter-reflector.

9. The calculator 101 requests the coordinates of the movable shields measured by the optoelectronic system 90, subtracts them from the coordinates of the approximating parboloid obtained from the calculator 100, and transfers the received coordinate corrections to the shields to the weight correction record unit 22; calculator 102 subtracts calculated for approximating a paraboloid angles _a and β place azimuth α _and received from the group controller 40 of the main mirror angles α _k and β _k and transmits the obtained angle correction unit 22; the calculator 104 compares the coordinates of the base and focus of the approximating paraboloid obtained from the calculator 100 with the coordinates of the base and focus of the approximating ellipsoid obtained from the calculator 103; their tricks, and passes these amendments to block 22.

10. The transmitter 104 determines the focus position of the approximating ellipsoid, taking into account the previously calculated corrections, and transfers its coordinates to the transmitter 105 of the optimal coordinates of the periscopic mirror.

11. The computer 105 requests the coordinates of the periscope mirror measured by the optoelectronic system 92, compares them with the coordinates received from the computer 104, calculates such corrections for the system 33 for automatically controlling the position of the periscope mirror, which would lead to the alignment of its center with the calculated secondary focus of the approximating ellipsoid, and transmits these amendments to block 22.

12. The block 22 recording weight corrections writes to the memory block 23 weight corrections all the corrections received from block 20 indicating the elevation angles β ₁ and azimuth α ₁ set for them and informs block 17 about the completion of the recording of the first weight corrections.

13. After the recording completion message is received from block 22, the control block 17 sends a command to the program block 25 to issue the following elevation and azimuth tasks.

14. Next, operations 2-13 are repeated until all N tasks of elevation and azimuth are selected.

15. After completing all N tasks, the control unit 17 sends the operator messages about the completion of the weight correction recording mode.

In the training mode of the expert system based on signals from known powerful point-based IRCs, the operation procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After receiving from the decision making unit 98 a command enabling this mode, the control unit 17 sends to the weight correction reading unit 24 a command to select from the weight correction memory unit 23 corresponding to the predetermined elevation angles β and azimuth α of the correction, and also issues the correction to the system 18 measuring the displacements of the structural elements of the mirror system of the team to launch its optoelectronic subsystems 86-92.

2. Block 24 transmits to the program block 25 the specified elevation angles β and azimuth α, as well as the corresponding corrections of the positions of the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector, and the periscope mirror, which transmits these signals for execution to automatic control systems 30-33, respectively, according to the position of the movable shields , the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror.

3. After receiving control signals from block 25, all systems 30-35 simultaneously begin to process them. Wherein:

- in the system 30, the group controller 36 actuators generates tasks for each of the controllers 37, which, having received a task for moving, subtract from them the movements received from the feedback sensors 39 of the position of the actuators, according to the received signal differences, they are generated in accordance with the established control law (for example , PID) control actions and transfer them to the electric actuators 38 of the actuators, which will move the actuators and, accordingly, the mobile panels until the signals from the sensors 39 feedback n e are not comparable with the reference signals from the group controller 36, to which, when equality is reached, the controllers 39 will transmit the corresponding messages, and after the corresponding messages from all the controllers have been received, the group controller 36 will send to block 17 a message about the output of the mobile shields to the specified KIR;

- in system 31, the processing of signals from block 25 occurs in the same way as described in items 3-6 of the previous algorithm;

- in system 32, the group controller 47 of the counter-reflector generates tasks for each of the controllers 48, 51, 54, 57, 60 and 63 of movements, which, having received tasks for movement, subtract from them the movements received from the corresponding sensors 50, 53, 56, 59 , 62 and 65 of the feedback of the counter-reflector, according to the received signal differences, they generate control actions in accordance with the control law (for example, PID) and transfer them to the corresponding electric power drives 49, 52, 55, 58, 61 and 64 of the counter-reflector, which will move the reflex the projector until the signals from the sensors 50, 53, 56, 59, 62 and 65 are equal with the corresponding reference signals from the group controller 47, to which, upon reaching equality, the controllers 48, 51, 54, 57, 60 and 63 will transmit the corresponding messages, and after the receipt of such messages from all controllers, the group controller 47 will send to block 17 a message about the output of the reflector to the specified KIR;

- in the system 33, the group controller 66 of the periscope mirror generates tasks for each of the controllers 67, 70, 73, 76, 79 and 82 of the movements, which, having received the tasks for the movement, subtract from them the movements received from the corresponding sensors 69, 72, 75, 78, 81 and 84 of the feedback of the periscope mirror, according to the received signal differences, they generate control actions in accordance with the control law (for example, PID) and transfer them to the corresponding electric power drives 68, 71, 74, 77, 80 and 83 of the periscope mirror, which e will move the periscope mirror until the signals from the sensors 69, 72, 75, 78, 81 and 84 are equal to the corresponding reference signals from the group controller 66, into which, when equality is reached, the controllers 67, 70, 73, 76, 79 and 82 will transmit the corresponding messages, and after receipt of such messages from all controllers, the group controller 66 will send to block 17 a message about the periscope mirror to enter the focus of the reflector, after which block 17 sends to block 21, namely to the electrodynamic model 106 of the mirror system, a command to the beginning of the calculation, model 106, having requested from the system 18 the current parameters of the mirror system (the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror), calculates the electromagnetic field in the area of the periscope mirror and passes them to the calculator 107 coordinates of the maximum electromagnetic energy, which calculates the data coordinates and transfers them to the expert system 12 and the electrodynamic error calculator 108, which, having requested from the system 18 the current coordinates of the periscope mirror, calculates from editing the location of the periscope mirror so that its center coincides with the maximum of electromagnetic energy and transfers them to the periscope mirror position correction unit 29, which in turn transmits a correction signal to the group controller 66 of system 33, which, after receiving from all its controllers messages working off the correction will send to the control unit 17 a message about the output of the periscope mirror to the specified KIR.

4. After receiving a message about the output of the periscope mirror to the specified KIR, the control unit 17 transmits to the unit 20 for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system a command to issue the correction units 26-29 the calculated current corrections.

5. Blocks 26-29 correction form the corresponding correction signals and transmit them to the system 30-33 for testing.

6. After receiving the correction signals at the same time, all systems 30-33 begin to process them in the same way as in paragraph 3 of this algorithm.

7. After receiving a new message about the output of the periscope mirror to the specified KIR, the control unit 17 transmits to the operator a message about the possibility of starting the training of the expert system in manual mode.

8. The operator can conduct training expert system 12 in two modes.

8.1. If a matrix radio receiver is used in the radio telescope, then the signals received from the mirror system 2-5 received by the radio receiver 8, recorded through a comparator 7, an amplitude detector, and a signal synchronous recording unit 9 to the signal memory unit 10, will contain the necessary information to obtain a KIR image from using block 11 reconstruction of the image and therefore, the operator will act according to the following algorithm.

8.1.1. Analyzing the KIR image on the monitor screen 109 of the expert system 12, the operator, using the training unit 110, provides various corrective actions stored in the data base 111 to the correction units 26-29, which are processed by the automatic control systems 30-33 for the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, and the reflector and periscopic mirror, as in clause 3 of this algorithm, and after the image of the KIR analyzed by the operator will satisfy it (for example, it will be a circle of a given radius) training for a given KIR ends and at the same time, in the knowledge base 112, the parameters of the measuring and environmental parameters corresponding to these correcting influences are recorded, which enter the data base 111 from the environmental measurement system 19, the mirror system, and enter the data base 111 from the displacement measuring system 18 of the mirrored system structural elements, and the electromagnetic field in the area of the periscope mirror, entering the database 111 data from block 21 calculating the corrections of the coordinates of the scan.

8.2. If a single radio receiver is used in the radio telescope, then in order for the signals received from the mirror system 2-5 received by the radio receiver 8, recorded through the comparator 7, the amplitude detector and the block 9 for synchronous recording of signals in the signal memory block 10, contain the necessary information to obtain an image KIR using the block 11 reconstruction of the image, it is necessary to scan the received signal from the radio 8 using a periscope mirror, and therefore, the operator will act according to the following algorithm.

8.2.1. Using the control unit 17, the scanning amplitude controller 34 and the scanning signal generator 35 are launched and, using the training unit 110 of the expert system 12, transmits to the controller 34 a task for scanning amplitudes in two coordinates A _x and A _y , and a generator 35 the corresponding scan frequencies f _x and f _y , and to ensure the frequency separation of the scanning channels, the operator sets the ratio f _y = 10f _x .

8.2.2. The controller 34, having received two harmonic signals from the generator 35 and setting the scanning amplitudes, transmits the signals A _x sin (2πf _x t) and A _y sin (2πf _y t) to the synchronous signal recording unit 9, which writes them to the signal memory 10 together with video signals received from an amplitude detector 8, which converts the signals received from the observed IRC through the mobile shields 2 of the main mirror 3, the reflector 4, the periscope mirror 5, the radio receiver 6 and the comparator 7. At the same time, the regulator 34 such signals A _x sin (2πf _x t) and a _y sin (2πf _y t) to the system 33 takes the automaton nical periscopic mirror position control, which fulfills them, providing a periscope mirror 5 scans in two coordinates X and Y.

8.2.3. Block 11 reconstruction of the image selects from block 10 of the signal memory the recorded video signals and the corresponding scanning signals, restores the image of the observed KIR and sends it to the monitor 109 of the expert system 12.

8.2.4. Now, analyzing the KIR image on the monitor screen 109 of the expert system 12, the operator, using the training unit 110, in the same way as described in clause 8.1.1 of this algorithm, conducts the training of the expert system 12.

In the mode of calibration or recording of noise near the investigated KIR, the procedure for operating the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After receiving from the decision making unit 98 a command enabling this mode, the control unit 17 sends to the weight correction reading unit 24 a command to select from the memory unit 23 of the weight corrections corresponding to the given elevation angles β _k and azimuth α _{to the} corrections, which should be slightly less than the elevation angle β and azimuth α of the studied KIR, and also gives the system 18 to measure the displacements of the structural elements of the mirror system of the command to launch its optoelectronic subsystems 86-92.

2. Block 24 transmits to the program block 25 the specified elevation angles β and azimuth α, as well as the corresponding corrections of the positions of the movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector, and the periscope mirror, which transmits these signals for execution to automatic control systems 30-33, respectively, according to the position of the movable shields , the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror.

3. After receiving control signals from block 25, all systems 30-35 simultaneously begin to process them in the same way as described in paragraphs 3-6 of the previous algorithm.

4. After receiving a new message about the output of the periscope mirror to the specified KIR, the control unit 17 transmits to the operator a message about the possibility of starting correction according to the image.

5. If the operator decides on the feasibility of the correction, he gives the command to the machine 113 the logical output of the expert system 12 to start work. The machine 113 takes the current data from the database 111 of the data, substitutes them into the rules of the knowledge base 112, makes a decision on the magnitude of the corrective actions and reports them to the corrective actions generating unit 114, which transfers the generated actions to the correction blocks 26-29, which generate the corresponding effects and transmit to work them out to systems 30-33 for automatic control of the position of movable shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscopic mirror, which all simultaneously begin to work them out e, as in paragraph 3 of the previous algorithm.

6. If the operator decides that the correction is inappropriate, then, if the matrix radio 6 is used in the system, gives a command to the noise synchronous recording unit 14 through the control unit 17 and it is written from the amplitude detector 8 to the noise memory unit 15, and if Since the system uses a single radio receiver, the operator additionally starts the scan amplitude controller 34 and the scan signal generator 35, which generate the corresponding scan signals A _x sin (2πf _x t) and A _y sin (2πf _y t), through the control unit 17 . The controller 34 will provide these signals to the system 33 for automatically controlling the position of the periscope mirror, which processes them, providing scanning of the periscope mirror 5, as well as to the block 14 for synchronous recording of noise, which records them in the block 15 of the noise memory along with the noise received from the amplitude detector 8, thereby providing the possibility of synchronous reading from the memory block 15 of the previously recorded noise from the memory block 15 in order to subtract it in the comparator 7 from the signal-to-noise mixture.

In the guidance mode for the investigated KIR, the operation procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After receiving from the decision making unit 98 a command enabling this mode, the control unit 17 sends to the weight correction reading unit 24 a command to select from the weight correction memory unit 23 corresponding to the predetermined elevation angles β and azimuth α of the correction, and also issues the correction to the system 18 measuring the displacements of the structural elements of the mirror system of the team to launch its optoelectronic subsystems 86-92.

2. Further actions are the same as in items 2-6 of the learning process.

3. After receiving a new message about the output of the periscope mirror to the specified KIR, the control unit 17 transmits to the operator a message about the possibility of starting the tracking mode for the investigated KIR.

In the tracking mode of the investigated KIR, the operating procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After receiving from the decision making unit 98 a command enabling this mode, the control unit 17 sends to the weight correction reading unit 24 a command to sample weight corrections from the memory unit 23 corresponding to the current elevation angles β and azimuth α of the investigated KIR corrections that are transmitted in the program unit 25, where, upon a command from the control unit 17, they are added to the current values of the elevation angles β and azimuth α of the investigated KIR and the control signals supplied to the 30-33 automatic systems are generated from the obtained values cally control the position of the movable boards, the main mirror and kontrreflektora periscopic mirror.

2. Simultaneously with the supply of control signals to blocks 24 and 25, the control unit 17 sends control signals to the system 18 for measuring the displacements of the structural elements of the mirror system, the unit 20 for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system, and the block 21 for calculating the corrections of the scan coordinates.

3. Block 20 calculates the corrections in the same way as described in paragraphs 8-11 of the algorithm for recording weight corrections, only passes them not to block 22 for recording weight corrections, but to blocks 26-29 for correcting the position of movable shields, the main mirror, counterreflector and periscope mirror.

4. Block 21 calculates an additional correction for the periscope mirror, corresponding to the maximum output of electromagnetic energy, as described in paragraph 3 of the training algorithm of the expert system, and transfers it to the block 29 for correcting the position of the periscope mirror.

5. By the decision of the operator, additional corrections for the image from the expert system 12 can be transmitted to blocks 26-29, which are formed in the same way as described in paragraph 5 of the calibration mode algorithm.

6. Blocks 26-29 summarize the corrections obtained and generate control signals supplied to the automatic control systems 30-33 for the position of the moving shields, the main mirror, the counter-reflector and the periscope mirror.

7. Systems 30-33 all simultaneously process the received control signals in the same way as described in clause 3 of the training algorithm, and thereby ensure that the mirror system is monitored for the investigated KIR.

8. Electromagnetic radiation from the investigated KIR 1, reflected from the movable shields 2 of the main mirror 3, the counterreflector 4 and the periscope mirror 5, enters the radio receiver 6, which converts it into an electric signal fed to the comparator 7, where the noise signal read out from it block 16 of the block 15 of the noise memory. The signal from the output of the comparator 7 is supplied to an amplitude detector 8, which generates a video signal recorded in the block 10 of the signal memory using block 9 synchronous recording of signals. Block 11 reconstruction of the image by signals from block 10 of the memory can restore the image of the investigated KIR and display it on the monitor screen 109 of the expert system 12.

In the scanning mode in the area of the investigated KIR, the operation order of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope differs from the previous one in that the control unit 17 further includes a scan amplitude regulator 34 and a scan signal generator 35 that generate the scanning signals A _x sin (2πf _x t) and A _y sin (2πf _y t) supplied to the system 33, which scans the periscope mirror 5, to block 16, which synchronously reads noise from block 15 to subtract it from the received signal in comparator 7, as well as in b lock 9 for synchronous recording of signals from the KIR along with the scanning signals in the memory unit 10 in order to enable the block 11 to reconstruct the image of the investigated KIR.

In the search mode for unknown KIR in a given zone, the operation procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows

1. First, the mirror system enters the zone defined by the elevation angles β and azimuth α, in the same way as described in the algorithm of the guidance mode for the investigated KIR.

2. Then, the scanning mode of the periscopic mirror in this zone with the given amplitudes is carried out, in the same way as described in the algorithm of the scanning mode in the zone of the investigated KIR.

3. The operator can, observing on the monitor screen 109 of the expert system 12 the images reconstructed by the block 11, make decisions on the detection of an unknown previously unknown KIR in the studied area.

The transition of the automatic pointing system of the radio telescope into the mode of bringing the main mirror into shading can be carried out by the decision of the operator after the end of any of the above modes or by the decision of the system 19 that monitors the environment if any environmental parameter is outside the permissible limits and block 98 sends control unit 17 command to prohibit the current mode of operation.

In the mode of bringing the main mirror into shading, the operation procedure of the automatic guidance system of the radio telescope is as follows.

1. After the receipt of an operator command or prohibition, the control unit 17 sends a command to the program unit 25 to issue the predetermined elevation angles β and azimuth α corresponding to the locking of the main mirror.

2. The following sequence of actions follows, as in items 2-5 of the algorithm of the system in the mode of recording weight corrections.

3. After the voltage u _β , u _α become equal to zero, the group controller 40 informs the control unit 17 about the possibility of locking the main mirror.

The operation of a radio telescope (RT) can be considered as the operation of a device for recording the intensity of a stream of electromagnetic (EM) waves of remote point and extended KIR.

In the projection plane (PP), on which the observed object is projected through the mirror system (ZS) (irradiator aperture plane), the intensity distribution of the received EM radiation can be identified with the distribution of the light flux intensity and with some corresponding visual condition.

Due to the large distances from the Earth to the CIR, the front of the incoming wave can be considered flat, and to obtain, as a first approximation, estimates of the electrodynamic parameters of the GC, the relationships of geometric optics can be used.

In the ideal case, EM radiation that has fallen into the aperture of the main mirror, the ES should collect at a point (focus or phase center). In the case of the angular deviation of the ZS axis from the direction to the KIR, the phase center will shift from the initial position in proportion to this angular deviation. Similarly, the image of an object in the camera frame shifts when the axis of the lens deviates from the direction to the object.

However, due to the wave properties of EM radiation, even in an ideal ES (i.e., non-aberrational), the EM radiation flux from the point KIR is not collected to a point, but is distributed in accordance with the antenna radiation pattern (BOTTOM). The question arises, how to distinguish two KIR located side by side in an angular dimension? The theory of electrodynamics allows us to calculate the smallest distance allowed by the system, if it is known at what intensity distributions the receiver perceives the DND separately. According to Rayleigh, in the optical range of the image, two points of the same brightness can still be seen separately if the center of the diffraction spot of each of them intersects with the edge of the 1st dark ring of the other.

For the millimeter range, by analogy with the definition of Rayleigh, we assume that two KIRs of the same luminosity can still be "seen" separately if the center of the bottom of each of them intersects the edge of the first side lobe of the other.

The ability of the AP to distinguish between DNDs of two close to each other KIR is called the resolving power (resolving power) of the AP of the RT. The smallest angular distance Δ between two KIR, starting from which their DNDs merge, is called the angular limit of resolution. The reciprocal of it usually serves as a quantitative measure of resolution (PC).

RT like an eye does not “see” not a separate source, but a whole “picture”. With a stationary irradiator, a moving fragment of the image of a part of the sky, and not a separate radiation source, gets on it. In the irradiator aperture, it is necessary to select individual sources or record individual image frames using appropriate equipment.

Depending on the geometric characteristics of the ES for a given wavelength, the angle of view of the radio telescope and the corresponding field of view, as well as the width of the bottom beam for the point receiver, can be calculated. Calculations carried out in accordance with the method of geometric optics for RT with a mirror diameter of 70 meters at a wavelength of λ = 1 mm give:

- the angle of view Ψ is 600 ``;

- the field of view of n is 900 mm.

When the wave properties of EM radiation are taken into account, the width of the bottom beam for a point detector at half power θ _0.5 is 3 ''.

If, in accordance with the above parameters, a matrix similar to a CCD with a diameter of 900 mm was placed in the plane of the aperture of the receiver, then 16530 pixels with a diameter of 7.02 mm could be placed on the matrix and the telescope would “see” a 600-inch sky section with a resolution of Δ = 3 ''. In this case, the resolution of the RT in the angular coordinates PC = 1 / Δ = 0.33 [1 / arc.s], and in the linear measurement in the plane of the PP Δ _p = 7.02 mm, RS _p = 1 / Δ _p = 0.14 [1 / mm] .

Using fractal methods of image processing and smoothing, the intensity of the radio emission of this part of the sky at the receiver aperture could be represented as a relief of a three-dimensional surface, which, according to the terminology taken from optical astronomy, corresponds to the brilliance of sources (stars, galaxies, interstellar matter, relic radiation).

BOTTOM characterizes the angular resolution only for a point detector, which is determined by the accuracy of pointing the CS at the KIR and is in the limiting case 0.1θ _0.5 = 0.3 ''. For a mosaic receiver, the angular resolution can be increased to 0.01 '', it all depends on how the receiver was made, how the image was recorded, how the filtering and image recognition procedure was constructed, and also on the method of eliminating the influence of deformation of the GL.

The creation of a mosaic receiver in the optical, infrared and x-ray ranges can be considered implemented. The creation of a mosaic receiver in the millimeter range is experimental, but at present there are already some results on the creation and testing of matrix receivers with bolometers as sensitive elements. Recording a signal from a millimeter-wave receiver and then converting it to the optical range will make it possible to apply all existing means and methods for recognizing optical images in relation to this range.

Due to pointing errors and deformations of the GL, the true distribution of the intensity of the received radio signal will be distorted. To restore it, it is necessary, in addition to the received signal, to record errors of pointing and deformation of the ES from the measuring system of the radio telescope. Then, according to a special procedure, make corrections to image frames.

The procedure for taking into account the deformations of the CS implies the presence of an electrodynamic model of the CS.

The use of a single receiver with an aperture area larger than the area of the main interference ring in the aperture of the irradiator will cause radiation from several sources to enter the receiver, which will greatly complicate their identification. On the other hand, reducing the area of the aperture of the irradiator will lead to extremely stringent requirements for pointing accuracy (pointing error for a wavelength of 1 mm should not exceed 0.3 ''), which is problematic when creating tracking drives and a measuring system. Moreover, due to the low power level of the received signals, their identification against the background of noise requires a long exposure of the observed IRF.

In the RT of the millimeter range, it is proposed to implement a telephoto zoom lens, which is a system of three mirrors - OZ, KR and PZ (Fig. 11). The reflecting parabolic surface of the main mirror is tunable (adaptive) with the help of its constituent PG. The reflective surface of the OZ has the shape of an ellipsoid. A flat periscopic mirror with a radio is movable and has 6 degrees of freedom. The movement of the PZ in space is carried out by means of 6 linear drives. The task of the drives is to continuously combine the space of the center of the PP with the focus of the Raman scattering, as well as scan the PP in two coordinates.

To compensate for the deformation of the GL, the movement of the RC in space is carried out by means of 6 linear drives. The task of the drives is to continuously combine the focus space and the focal axis of the Raman axis with the focus and focal axis of the OZ.

Due to the large inertia of the OZ and KR drives, the compensation of current deformations of the ZS during guidance will not be complete. This leads to a distortion of the EM field in the plane of the aperture of the receiver (PP). Additional distortions occur due to deformations of the surfaces of the OZ and Raman scattering caused by gravitational, thermal, and wind disturbances. The whole picture of the influence of CS deformations on the field in the irradiator aperture can be represented by the CS gain (CLC). In the coordinate system associated with the aperture of the irradiator, the CLC appears to be some smooth surface of arbitrary shape and can be calculated as a function of deformations using the electrodynamic model. GLC is recorded in memory and used to reconstruct the distribution of the intensity of the EM field, which we will conventionally call the image. GLC values throughout the entire reception time can be determined based on data from the measuring system and blocks for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system and calculating the corrections of the scan coordinates. Essentially, the GLC of the ES is a mask for the received and recorded in the memory image of the observed sky. Accounting for the mask increases the reliability of image reconstruction.

Image registration is possible either using distributed receiving devices - mosaic receivers, or using image scanning on a single radio receiver.

The use of mosaic receivers for large terrestrial millimeter-range radio telescopes makes it possible to record a lossless signal like video recording, select the necessary fragments and apply modern filtering and reconstruction methods to them with a resolution that significantly exceeds the resolution for a point receiver.

But since the physical implementation of mosaic receivers of the millimeter range with the required resolution is still problematic, the proposed device for receiving images can be used to scan image sections with one of the elements of the GL. As such an element, it is advisable to choose a PP, since it has the smallest of all the elements of the CS size and weight. In this case, a single receiver is used with an aperture area equal to the linear resolution Δ _p (in the case under consideration, Δ _p = 7.02 mm). The signal from the receiver, modulated by the scanning movement of the PZ, together with the modulation signals from the controller of the scanning amplitude and correction from the block for calculating the corrections of the scanning coordinates is recorded in the memory of the recording device. Then, in the process of recording processing, line and frame scanning of the image with correction can be carried out.

The PP has six guidance drives that move it along two angular α, β and three linear x, y, z coordinates. At the design stage, the optimal position of the PP is determined by calculation and experimental methods for various combinations of pointing errors and deformations of the grounding system. These data are recorded in the memory block of the weight corrections and are used in the PZ guidance process to generate reference signals to the PZ drives based on the current values of the sensors of the measuring system of the RT state vector.

To effectively compensate for the effects of deformations, it is necessary to use high-precision measuring systems (IS) and a high-precision control system (APU). With reference to the rotary support device (OPU) of the Republic of Tatarstan, the following concept of constructing IS and APU is adopted.

Using the measured deformation fields of the OZ and Raman reflecting surfaces, the block for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system calculates the parameters of the approximating paraboloid (AP) of the main mirror and the ellipsoid (AE) of the counterreflector. The coordinates of the vertices and foci of the OZ and RS are calculated. The focusing errors of the elements of the ES are also determined and given out for testing by the OZ and KR drives. Using focusing errors, the optimal orientation angles and coordinates of the position of the PP are calculated and issued to the practitioners for the PP. For OZ, the field of deviations of the OZ surface from the AP is calculated, according to which control actions are formed for actuator actuators moving the OZ mobile shields (facets) in order to eliminate these deviations.

An analysis of the methods for detecting electromagnetic radiation (EMP) of cosmic sources in the millimeter wave range by means of RT showed that one of the effective methods is to convert the EMP field into a thermal field with its subsequent reading and processing. Sensitive converting elements in this case are bolometers. After converting the signal of the sensing element into a charge or electric current, the operation of the receiver is no different from the converters of visible radiation. If a scanning element is used in the RT, it can be likened to a thermal imager - a device designed to observe heated objects by their thermal radiation. A change in the intensity of the EM flux with subsequent conversion to a thermal field to a certain extent corresponds to the details of the visually observed pattern. Therefore, the images reconstructed by the signals of the receiver mainly correspond to the ideas about the shape and size of the observed objects.

The modern image processing technique makes it possible to extract individual fragments from the entire image and track them electronically with high accuracy, as well as adapt to the jitter and defocus of the observed fragment during its reconstruction.

To implement this adaptation, the proposed device proposes to use an expert correction system for the mirror system, the adjustment and verification of which can be carried out by pointing the RT at the reference point SIR of high radiation power in the millimeter range, located at different elevation and azimuth angles. Moreover, if one point source of radiation appears in the field of view, then there may be the following main characteristic variants of the images obtained after processing the received signal.

With the ideal spatial position of the PG, Raman and PZ, all radiation from the PG comes into the receiver and therefore an imaginary image in the form of a circle will form. Otherwise, some other non-convex figure will be obtained (Fig. 12). When using the image recognition method (MRI) for control purposes, an expert system for correction of a mirror system (ES CLC) compares this figure with the required ideal one and determines the correction signals supplied to the input of the automatic position control system (SAUP) of the mobile panels to ensure the required movement of the control panel to the attention of mismatch of the measured and ideal figures to the minimum possible value.

With an ideal spatial position of the PN, corresponding to a paraboloid, but with an uncoordinated position of the optical axes of OZ, KP, and KP, not all radiation (large mismatch) may fall on the target and / or the resulting figure will differ from the circle and / or will not be located in the center of the target (Fig.13). When MRI is used for control purposes, the analysis of such figures and their comparison with the stored standards allow the CLC ES to determine correction signals, which can be supplied to the corresponding SAUP OZ, KR and PZ to correct their optical axes by the command of an operator or an expert system replacing the operator .

With the ideal spatial position of the PS, the coordinated position of the optical axes OZ, KP and PZ and not the optimal distance between the KP and PZ on the target there will be a circle of larger or smaller diameter (Fig. 14). The latest information, when using MRI for control purposes, allows the GLC ES to calculate the corrective signals given by the operator or an expert system replacing the operator in the SAUP PZ for linearly moving the PP to a position that provides the maximum received radio emission.

In addition, the synthesized image can be sent to the operator’s monitor screen, which in principle will allow the operator to judge the current efficiency of the radio telescope and, if necessary, intervene in the control process, up to the transition to manual control mode.

The recording of noise in the noise memory unit when scanning a periscope mirror near the target object, and then its simultaneous subtraction from the received signal when scanning the target object, allows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby increase the resolution of the RT.

Upon detection of distant space objects in the millimeter range, the RT can "see" not one point object, but a whole picture of objects. If you use a point detector with a small aperture area, then problems with the accuracy of pointing will not allow for a long exposure of a single source. If you use a point receiver with a large aperture area and do not take special measures, then an inseparable mixture of signals from different KIRs is formed at the receiver output. This contradiction is resolvable if you use the scanning element of the ES, which allows you to sequentially record signals from certain parts of the sky with subsequent reconstruction of the image. With this method of receiving signals, there is no need to require precision guidance from the drives commensurate with the bottom width. The accuracy requirements for guidance drives can be significantly reduced, and the resolution of the RT is increased.

Thus, the proposed automatic guidance system of the radio telescope ensures the functioning of the radio telescope in all modes with a significant increase in resolution and accuracy of pointing.

References

1. Theory of tracking systems. / Ed. H. James, N. Nicols and R. Phillips. M., "Owls. Radio ”, 1953, p.257.

2. USSR copyright certificate No. 1108884, cl. G01S 13/66, 13/02, 1982.

Claims (1)

A radio telescope automatic pointing system containing a space-connected radio-frequency radiation source, an antenna main mirror with a main mirror position automatic control system containing two rotation angle sensors, two main mirror pointing drives and two main mirror position controllers, a radio receiver, a comparator and an amplitude video signal detector, and also a software block for a priori target designation of a space source of radio emission associated with the input of the automation system control of the position of the main mirror, a scan amplitude regulator connected in input to the scanning signal generator, and a noise compensation channel, the input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the video signal, and the output with a comparator, characterized in that the reflecting surface of the main mirror is assembled from movable controlled shields , between the main mirror and the radio receiver, a counterreflector and a scanning periscopic mirror are mounted in series with the radio receiver mounted on it, e of an amplitude video signal detector, a synchronous signal recording unit, a signal memory unit, an image reconstruction unit and an expert system for mirror system correction are installed in series, the noise compensation channel contains sequentially connected noise synchronous recording unit, noise memory unit and synchronous noise reading unit, movable shields, counter-reflector and the periscope mirror are equipped with appropriate systems for automatically controlling their position with position correction units, the automatic system The positional control of the main mirror is also equipped with a position correction unit, the a priori target designation unit is equipped with a weight correction memory unit with corresponding recording and reading units, in addition, a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, a system for measuring environmental parameters, and an optimal position calculation unit are introduced elements of the mirror system, a block for calculating corrections of the coordinates of scanning and a control unit (supervisor), while the input of the control unit the supervisor) is connected to the output of the environmental measurement system, and the outputs of the control unit (supervisor) are connected to the control inputs of the automatic position control systems of the movable guards, the main mirror, the counterreflector and periscope mirror, the scanning amplitude regulator, the scanning signal generator, the synchronous block a noise reading unit, a noise synchronous recording unit, a synchronous signal recording unit, a priori target designation software unit, a weight correction reading unit, a unit for recording weight corrections, a unit for calculating the optimal position of elements of the mirror system, a unit for calculating corrections of scanning coordinates, a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, an image reconstruction unit and an expert system for correcting the mirror system, the outputs of the scan signal generator are connected to the second input of the scan amplitude controller and synchronization inputs of a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, a block for synchronous recording of signals, a block synchronously of the first noise recording unit and the synchronous noise reading unit, the first output of the scanning amplitude controller is connected to the scan input of the automatic control system for the position of the periscopic mirror, and the second to the second input of the synchronous signal recording unit, the third input of which is connected to the output of the scan coordinate correction calculation unit, the system power outputs automatic control of the position of the movable guided shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror are connected respectively with the movable shields ite, a main mirror, a counter-reflector and a periscope mirror, and information with a system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, also associated with the structural elements of the main mirror, counterreflector, periscope mirror and an expert system for correcting the mirror system, programmed guidance inputs of automatic control systems for the position of movable panels , the main mirror, the counterreflector, and the periscope mirror are connected to the outputs of the a priori target designation program unit, and the inputs to corrections of these systems with the outputs of the corresponding blocks for correcting the position of the movable guards, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscopic mirror, the first inputs of the blocks for correcting the positions of the movable controlled shields, the main mirror, the counterreflector and the periscope mirror are connected with the outputs of the expert system for correcting the mirror system, and the second with the outputs unit for calculating the optimal position of the elements of the mirror system, another output of which is also connected to the input of the unit for recording weight corrections, and the input with the output of the system for measuring the position and displacement of structural elements, the second output of which is connected to the input of the scanning coordinate corrections calculation unit, the output of the weight corrections recording unit is connected to the input of the weight corrections memory block, the output of which is connected to the input of the weight corrections reading unit, the output of which is connected with the input of the software block a priori target designation of the space source of radio emission.

Images