RU2317248C2 - Crane-loader (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; materials handling equipment.

SUBSTANCE: proposed crane-loader has tower with beam connected to tower and counterweight cantilever, or tower with beam. Load trolley is installed in boom guides and working member, for instance, grab is connected with load trolley. Crane-loader is furnished with additional grab installed by means of manipulator on additional load trolley. According to one design version, additional load trolley travel-motion mechanism consists of additional travel motion drive of additional load trolley, and according to other design version, additional load trolley travel motion mechanism is formed by rigid rod coupled with both load trolleys. Additional load trolley is installed for movement and locking in boom guides, and manipulator of additional load trolley is hinge-coupled with corresponding additional working member.

EFFECT: increased capacity of crane-loader.

5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention of a crane loader (two options) relates to loading and unloading machines, in particular to cranes for unloading transport and loading logs mainly into the transport, as well as for their storage, transshipment and other processing during transportation. The invention is represented by two versions of crane loaders, which are intended for use mainly in the construction of timber loaders. The invention can be used in loading machines for loading, unloading and transshipment of long loads.

A material reloader is known, comprising a fixed frame, on which a tower is mounted by means of a slewing ring, and an operator’s cabin, driven by a hydraulic boom, is mounted on the upper frame of the tower, a hydraulic actuator including hydraulic cylinders for turning the boom links that are articulated to each other, while the end of the boom is fixed to a hydraulic clamshell [1]. The working body of this reloader is located at a large distance from the earth's surface in order to ensure the possibility of working with materials stacked in high stacks.

In another known technical solution, in order to increase visibility, the operator’s cabin of the tower crane is located on its hook suspension, and the suspension is connected with a cargo trolley, which is installed in the crane guide rails [2].

Known tower cranes used as crane loaders [3-7]. The loader crane [7] contains a portal for the passage of railway cars and other vehicles underneath it, while the portal has a tower with a beam boom, a load trolley mounted on a beam boom with a hook clip and a gripping working body connected with the hook clip. The loader crane [7] is implemented in the design of the KB-578 log loader, which contains all the features of a technical solution [7].

The KB-578 log loader is used for loading and unloading logs from vehicles, including railway gondola cars passing under the crane through the portal aperture. During timber processing (loading-unloading), the crane-loader [7] is equipped with attachments, in particular a clamshell grapple, having a flexible (cable) connection with the crane hook suspension. This flexible connection allows the grab to move up and down and does not provide active control of the grab in other directions.

Since the logs are not packaged and they are processed from bulk logs stacked in bulk, and logs are unloaded into bulk, a significant drawback of the known loader crane with a claw jaw grab is that the light weight of this grapple does not allow efficient introduction of sufficient effort into the stack the woods. To completely fill the grip, it is necessary to repeatedly scoop up or grab the logs with the jaws of the grab. This leads to significant labor costs in the processing of logs, intensive loading of the logger and a large downtime of transport under loading and unloading. In the case of replacing jaw grabs with rope slings, the problem arises of making their loops under the logs lying in the stacks during loading. Another problem is the release of slings from under the rubble of the unloaded log bundle after it is lowered, since the slings are pinched by the unloaded log bundle. In connection with this crane hook it is necessary to pull out the slings for their one end, which is strictly prohibited. However, in practice, such violations are quite common. As a result, this leads to damage to the crane and premature wear of the slings.

A gantry crane comprising a portal, a rotary column with an arrow is known, and a rotary platform with a retractable section forming an additional boom is installed on the portal, at the end of which a clip is mounted with a rod installed in it with a rotary lever mechanism and a load-gripping body fixed to its end. This technical solution is intended for construction and installation operations [8]. The crane is essentially a tower crane with a boom, a cargo trolley, a second cargo trolley, on which a manipulator arm with a hook grip is mounted movably in the vertical direction.

A known crane-manipulator containing a tower mounted on the tower with a beam boom, on which a beam is suspended with a trolley mounted on it, and a lever arm with a load-gripping organ is mounted on the trolley [9]. This technical solution is intended for the processing of bulky goods.

Known tower crane with a manipulator on the boom, while the manipulator is mounted on a trolley and has a grip [10].

A known loader crane containing a tower with a boom attached to it, on which a drive truck with a working body is installed in the guides, which is connected to the cargo truck with a flexible cable connection [11]. The tower of this loader crane is rotating because it is mounted on a swing frame of a slewing ring. This crane does not have a counterweight console. A loader crane [11], like a loader crane [7], is equipped with a grab grab if necessary and is used for loading and unloading long loads, while it has all the above-described disadvantages of a loader crane [7].

The prototype of the first version of the loader crane, in essence and the achieved result, is a loader crane containing a tower with a beam boom attached to it and a counterweight console; in the guides of the beam boom, a drive freight trolley with a working body, for example, a grab that is connected to a freight cable carriage communication [7].

The prototype of the second version of the loader crane in essence and the achieved result is a loader crane containing a tower with a boom attached to it, on which a drive truck with a working body, such as a grab, is connected to the cargo truck with a flexible cable link [11 ]. The tower of this crane is rotating.

Achievable technical result of this invention is to increase the productivity of the crane.

To solve the problem in the first embodiment, the loader crane containing a tower with a beam boom attached to it and a counterweight console, a load truck with a working body, for example a grab that is connected to the cargo truck with a flexible cable link, is installed in the guides of the beam boom, equipped with at least one additional drive trolley with an additional working body secured to it by means of a manipulator, for example, an additional grab, each additional load t the cart is installed with the possibility of movement and fixation in the boom guides or in the guides of the counterweight console, the manipulator of each additional cargo trolley is pivotally connected to the corresponding additional working body.

In another embodiment, a loader crane comprising a tower with a boom attached to it, on which a drive truck with a working body, for example a grab that is connected to the cargo truck with a flexible cable link, is installed in the rails, is equipped with at least one additional drive truck with an additional working body fixed on it by means of a manipulator, for example, an additional grab, each additional freight trolley is mounted with the possibility of moving and fixing in firing arrows, the manipulator of each additional cargo trolley is pivotally connected to the corresponding additional working body.

In both versions, an additional cargo trolley is connected with an additional drive for moving this trolley, which is equipped with a loader crane.

According to the second variant, the drive for moving the additional cargo trolley includes a rigid rod, the ends of which in the working position are connected with the main and additional cargo trolleys.

In the second embodiment, the fixing of the additional cargo trolley is carried out by a stop, which is connected with the additional cargo trolley and boom.

Figure 1 shows a loader crane (first option) with a beam boom, a counterweight console, an additional drive truck with an additional grab;

figure 2 is a view from the side of the main drive truck, the boom is installed along the rail (the extension of the lower link of the manipulator is retracted);

figure 3 is a diagram of the relative position on the boom of the main and additional drive freight carts with their drives;

figure 4 is a diagram of the relative position on the boom of the main and additional drive freight trolleys, interconnected by traction;

figure 5 - means for fixing an additional cargo trolley;

figure 6 - crane loader with a manipulator in the folded position with an additional drive truck with a manipulator and an additional grab;

in Fig.7 - crane loader mounted on its counterweight console additional drive truck with a manipulator and an additional grab;

on Fig - loader with installed on its counterweight console and on the boom additional drive freight trolleys with manipulators and additional grabs;

figure 9 is a second embodiment of a crane loader having a beam boom (crane without counterweight console with a rotating tower);

figure 10 - the first version of the loader with installed on its boom two additional drive truck with manipulators and additional grabs, and one additional drive truck with a manipulator and an additional grab mounted on the counterweight console.

The loader crane (first embodiment) includes a portal 1 mounted on a track with the possibility of movement along it (Fig. 1), having a movement drive mounted on a portal tower 2, to which a counterweight console 3 and a beam boom 4 are connected. On the arrow in a load trolley 5 is installed on the rails, having a hook suspension 6 with a main working body suspended on it, for example, a grab 7. It should be noted that the loader crane may not have a portal. In this case, it performs all functions except those related to the presence of a central portal opening. Drive truck 5 has a cable drive for moving it. Branch 8 of the rope (figure 3) of the drive of the freight truck 5 is located in the upper part of the boom, and branch 9 of the rope of this drive is located in the lower part of the boom. Some ends of each branch of the rope are connected to the truck 5, and the other ends of each branch of the rope are fixed on the drum of the winch 10 of the crane. The latter is installed on the boom 4. The upper part of the crane loader (Fig. 1) is mounted on a slewing ring device 11, which is located above the tower 2 of the crane loader. On the rotary part of the support-rotary device 11 of the crane-loader fixed cab 12 of the operator. The loader crane has an additional drive truck 13, movably mounted in the boom guides 4 with the possibility of its fixation in the working position. A manipulator is mounted on an additional cargo truck 13 (on its lower or other side), including a rotary device 14 and a linkage mechanism connected to it, at the end of which an additional working body is fixed, for example, an additional grab 15. The load capacity of the additional grab 15 is less than the load capacity of the grab 7. Additional the freight truck 13 may have an independent drive, for example, a winch 16 connected to it (Fig. 3). The drive of the additional cargo truck 13, moving and fixing it in the working position, is made in one embodiment similar to the drive of the cargo truck 5 described above. The movement of the drive additional cargo truck 13 along the boom 4 can be carried out from the drive of the cargo truck 5 by a rigid rod 17 (Fig. 4) by means of which the freight trolley 5 is connected to the additional trolley 13. In this embodiment, the additional freight trolley 13 is fixed in the working position by a rigid rod 17 and the drive of the freight trolley 5. In this case, during operation s of the manipulator, the truck 5 is located next to the additional cargo carriage 13. The additional cargo carriage 13 may have means for fixing it on the boom 4, which is a stop 18 (Fig. 5), made, for example, in the form of an arrow 4 entering the holes and an additional cargo carts 13 of the rod. At the same time, the cargo trolley is diverted to a distance that does not interfere with the work with an additional grab.

The loader crane has a hydraulic actuator 19 (Fig. 1), all of whose components (pump, tank, valves, control valves, control electromagnets) are mounted on an additional load carriage 13. The lever mechanism of the manipulator is made, for example, of the first link 20, pivotally connected to a rotary the device 14 of the manipulator and at least one second link 21, a hinge 22 connected to the first link 20. The link 20 is also pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder 23. The last hinge 24 is connected to the rotary device 14 of the manipulator. The lower end of the second link 21 by a hinge 25 is connected to the link 26 having at least one telescoping pair. At the end of the sliding part 27 of the lower link 26, an additional grapple 15 is fixed through the rotator 28, having a grab jaw 30 rotatable from the hydraulic cylinders 29. The first and second links 20 and 21, the second link 21 and the link 26 are connected, respectively, by the second and third hydraulic cylinders 31 and 32. The telescoping pair of the link 26 has a hydraulic cylinder 33 connected to the sliding part 27 of the link 26.

The loader crane has an additional operator cabin 34, which is designed to control the additional grab 15. This cabin in one crane design can be mounted on boom 4 and fixedly mounted on it, and in another design, the additional cabin 34 can be mounted on the swivel part device 14 of the manipulator. In the latest version, the additional cabin 34 has the ability to rotate around the vertical axis of the additional cargo truck 13. A variant of electromagnetic control of the additional grab 15 from the main operator’s cabin 12 is provided. In this version, an additional cab is not installed on the loader crane. An embodiment of the loader crane is provided when several additional drive identical truck 13 are mounted on its boom 4 with manipulators and additional grabs 15 (Fig. 10). This design does not preclude the installation on the counterweight console of the loader crane one or two additional drive freight trolleys with manipulators and additional grabs. In this case, the drive of at least one additional cargo truck 13 mounted on the counterweight console is carried out similarly to the drive described above by the cable 9 (Fig. 8) from the winch 10 or from the winch 16 (Fig. 4), which is mounted on the counterweight console. Or the drive of the additional cargo truck 13, which is installed on the counterweight console, can be implemented from the winch (not shown) moving the counterweight, which is available on the counterweight console produced cranes. Moving and fixing one or two additional freight carts on the counterweight console is carried out in the same manner as described above.

In the second embodiment of the loader crane (Fig. 9), all of the above elements of the loader crane of the first embodiment take place, with the exception of the counterweight console, which the second version of the loader crane does not have.

In both versions of the loader crane, an additional cargo trolley installed in the boom guides can be located on the boom before or after the main cargo trolley in the direction of its movement.

Works crane loader (first option) as follows.

The movement and operation of the main grab 7 (Fig. 1) is carried out in a known manner, and the movement of the additional grab 15 is carried out by the lever mechanism of the manipulator in three mutually perpendicular planes when the main grab 7 does not work. When performing operations associated with the translational movements of the additional grab 15 relative to the axis of the rotary device 14, the additional grab is moved by the corresponding turns of the levers 20, 21 and 26 of the manipulator from the action of the hydraulic cylinders of the manipulator. The additional grapple 15, which has a lower carrying capacity compared with the carrying capacity of the grab 7, forcibly immerses its jaws 30 into the array of logs, captures the logs and moves them to the unloading zone. In this case, the immersion force of the jaws 30 of the additional grab 15 is provided by the hydraulic cylinder 33 by extending the sliding part 27 of the link 26. The rotation of the additional grab 15 in a horizontal plane relative to its axis is provided by the rotator 28.

When the boom 4 is located along the rail track, an additional grab 15, having high speeds of movement and forced movements, carry out quick unloading-loading of side stacks 35 or loading-unloading of gondola cars, barges, and onboard vehicles, which creates a significant economic effect obtained as a result of increased productivity loader crane, and from reducing downtime of vehicles under loading and unloading. If several additional freight carts 13 with additional grabs 15 are installed on the boom, then unloading (or loading) of the train is carried out simultaneously from several gondola cars of the train. The loader crane works similarly with other vehicles when they are installed along the boom of the crane or when a vehicle, such as a barge, is located along the boom.

Rotation in the horizontal plane of all the mentioned links of the linkage mechanism of each manipulator together with the additional grab 15 relative to the axis of the additional cargo truck 13 is carried out by the rotary device 14 of the manipulator.

In one case, the additional cargo trolley 13 is moved along the boom 4 with the winch 16 (Fig. 3), in the other case, the additional cargo trolley 13 is moved along the boom by the drive of the cargo trolley 5 through a rigid link 17 (Fig. 4). To remove the cargo trolley 5 with the grab 7 from the operating area of the manipulator, the additional cargo trolley 13 is fixed, for example, using the stop 18 (Fig. 5) and then the end of the rod 17 (Fig. 4) is disconnected from one of the trolleys. Next, the cargo truck 5 with its drive - winch 10 is removed from the range of the manipulator.

A method for transshipment or loading of logs is provided, which consists in the fact that during loading or transshipment of logs first with a grab 15 of lower carrying capacity (Fig. 1) scoop up the logs with small grips corresponding to the carrying capacity of grab 15 and reload them into special drives (pockets). Then the logs from the drives are captured by the grab 7 and loaded onto vehicles or transferred to the transshipment area by the mechanisms of the loader crane. Using this method, the crane-loader can carry out the formation of heavy packages or loading special containers. For this purpose, logs are packaged or containerized in drives (not shown), after which bags or containers are loaded from drives onto railway rolling stock, barges, or container carriers.

This method of processing logs or other lengthy materials is realized due to the large carrying capacity of the grab 7 of the loader crane, since it has a hook suspension 6 of this grab.

If at least one additional grapple 15 is installed on the counterweight console 3 and the boom 4 (Fig. 8), or only at least one additional grapple 15 is installed on the counterweight console 3 (Fig. 7), or at least 4 at least two additional grabs 15, the loader crane operates according to the above-described operation schemes.

The loader crane (second option, FIG. 9) works similarly to the first embodiment of the loader crane.

The advantages of both versions of the loader crane are that they provide the ability to cover a large area of the transshipment, loading and unloading of logs, while the use of at least two working bodies for these purposes makes it possible to implement a new method of processing long loads, in particular logs. The loader cranes presented in this description significantly reduce the complexity of loading and unloading logs, reduce the simple transport under loading and unloading, and provide the ability to create large high-capacity terminals for handling long loads.

Information sources

1. EP 1075450 A1, 02.03.2000.

2. RU 2006449, 01/30/1994.

3. Construction machinery, reference book, ed. V.A.Bauman and F.A. Lapira, ed. 4th, revised and supplemented, M .: Mechanical Engineering, vol. 1, 1976, p. 21, fig. 215.7 and p. 222, fig. 224.

4. Reference book on special works. Hoisting-and-transport equipment for installation and special works. / Ed. A.I. Shchepetyeva, ed. 3rd, revised and supplemented, Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1974, p. 486, Fig. 7-11.

5. RU 94012427 A1, 03.20.1996.

6. DD 35436 A, 02.25.1965.

7. RU 2172291 C1, 07/14/1999 (prototype of the first version of the crane).

8. SU 211049, 11/08/1968.

9.SU 1668278, 08/07/1991.

10. SU 1355598, 11/30/1987.

11. Full-gantry portal crane with horizontal boom. Prospect "Portal Crane", OJSC "BALTKRAN", 2000 (prototype of the second option).

Claims (5)

1. A loader crane, comprising a tower with a boom attached to it and a counterweight console, is mounted in the guides of the boom boom with a working body, for example a grab, which is connected to the freight cart with a flexible cable connection, characterized in that the crane is equipped with at least at least one additional drive trolley with an additional working body fixed on it by means of a manipulator, for example, an additional grab, an additional load trolley is installed with possibly Tew displacement and fixation guide or guide boom counterjib, the manipulator further trolley pivotally connected to its respective further working member. 2. A loader crane comprising a tower with a boom attached to it, on which a drive truck with a working body, such as a grab, is connected to the load truck with a flexible cable link, characterized in that the crane is equipped with at least one drive additional cargo trolley with an additional working body fixed to it by means of a manipulator, for example, an additional grab, an additional cargo trolley is mounted with the possibility of moving and fixing in directs boom crane trolley further pivotally connected to its respective additional working body. 3. The loader crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive for moving the additional cargo trolley includes a rigid rod, the ends of which in the working position are connected with the main and additional cargo trolleys. 4. The loader crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixing of the additional cargo trolley is carried out by an emphasis that is associated with the additional cargo trolley and boom. 5. The crane loader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional cargo trolley is connected with an additional drive for moving this trolley, which is equipped with a crane loader.

Images