RU2315875C1 - Rotary piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine has body with combustion chamber, working chambers and different-diameter rotating disk secured in parallel on shaft. Radial slot is made in disk being rotor of compressor whose depth smoothly increases from zero to maximum value on first half of arc of disk circumference and smoothly decreases from maximum value to zero value on second half of arc of circumference of said disk. Disk, being turbine rotor, is provided with projection for contact with body and spring-loaded shutter. Combustion chamber is made in form of coaxial outer, middle and inner cylinders nested in each other. Outer cylinder is divide by plane passing through axes of shaft and cylinders into half-cylinders, first of which being rigidly secured in body, and second one, being piston, is arranged in slot of disk which serves as rotor of compressor. It is installed for displacement relative to first half-cylinder till inclined bottom of second half-cylinder adjoins base of slot of said disk. Middle cylinder and inner cylinder installed for rotation are provided with ports to take working mixture into combustion chamber and bypass ports to discharge burning working mixture. Diameter of disk being turbine rotor exceeds diameter of disk being compressor rotor. Turbine rotor disk is made in form of short cylindrical member whose projection is arranged on its inner surface. Combustion chamber is arranged inside disk being rotor of turbine.

EFFECT: increased engine power.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to the design of a rotary piston type internal combustion engine.

Known rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a housing with working chambers formed by two intersecting cylindrical working cavities in which mutually coupled rotating compressor rotor and turbine rotor with two parallel shafts connected by a synchronizing gear transmission to accommodate these mutually conjugated rotors - leading and follower - respectively, with teeth and depressions of the cycloidal profile located outside and inside their initial circles otorrhea, and the number of the female rotor valleys greater than the number of teeth of the male rotor. The combustion chamber is formed by the hollows of the driven rotor. Spark plugs for igniting the combustible mixture are installed in recesses made in the combustion chamber of the driven rotor or in the center of the teeth of the driving rotor. Windows and gas exchange channels are provided in the engine casing (see USSR Patent No. 565635, issued to a foreign company, according to M.Kl. 2 F02B 55/00, F02B 55/14).

The main disadvantage of this engine is the thermodynamically irrational design of its combustion chamber, associated with the complexity of its cooling.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a housing with a combustion chamber, working chambers formed by working cavities in which rotating disks with different diameters are mounted, mounted in parallel on the shaft. The diameter of the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, is smaller than the diameter of the disk, which is the rotor of the compressor. In the disk, which is the compressor rotor, a radial groove is made with a depth gradually increasing from zero to the largest value on the first half of the circular arc of this disk and gradually decreasing from the highest value to zero on the second half of the circular arc of this disk. The disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, is equipped with a protrusion having the ability to contact the housing and the spring-loaded damper and located on the outer surface of this disk. The combustion chamber is made in the form of coaxial external, middle and internal cylinders installed in each other, and placed outside relative to the disk, which is the turbine rotor. The outer cylinder is divided by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft and cylinders into half-cylinders, the first of which is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the second of which, simultaneously being a piston, is located in the groove of the disk, which is the compressor rotor, with the possibility of moving relative to the first half-cylinder until the inclined the bottom of the second half-cylinder to the base of the groove of this disk. The middle and rotatable inner cylinders are provided with windows for admitting the working mixture into the combustion chamber and bypass windows for discharging the burning working mixture. In this rotary piston engine, fuel is compressed in the compressor rotor and the working mixture is simultaneously moved to the combustion chamber, where the mixture burns. Thermal energy is transferred to the turbine rotor, where it is converted into mechanical energy (see patent RU 2193676, IPC ⁷ F02B 53/08).

The main disadvantage of the above-described rotary piston internal combustion engine is the low effective power due to the receipt of a small torque on the engine shaft, since the diameter of the disk, which is the turbine rotor, is much smaller than the diameter of the disk, which is the compressor rotor. It is known that engine efficiency is determined from the expression

Ne = (Me · n) / 9750,

where Me is the torque, Nm;

n is the engine speed.

From this expression it can be seen that it is possible to increase the effective engine power either by increasing the engine speed, or by increasing the torque. The frequency of rotation of the engine shaft cannot be increased significantly, based on the experience of the piston engine, since in the piston engine, as in the rotary piston engine, there are parts that perform reciprocating motion. In addition, the engines of ground vehicles (car, tractor) operate mainly in variable modes and therefore a significant increase in the frequency of rotation of the engine shaft is practically impractical. For engines of land vehicles, it is important to increase precisely the torque, since when operating in variable modes, the vehicle needs a high effective engine power.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the effective power of a rotary piston internal combustion engine by increasing the torque on the engine shaft.

To achieve the aforementioned technical result, in a rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a combustion chamber, working chambers formed by working cavities in which rotating disks with different diameters are mounted, parallel mounted on the shaft, while in the disk, which is the compressor rotor, is made a radial groove with a depth gradually increasing from zero to the largest value on the first half of the circular arc of this disk and gradually decreasing from the largest value to zero on the second half of the circular disk arc of this disk, and the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, is equipped with a protrusion that is able to contact the body and the spring-loaded damper, the combustion chamber is made in the form of coaxial external, middle and internal cylinders installed in each other, and the outer cylinder is divided by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft and cylinders into half-cylinders, the first of which is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the second of which, simultaneously being a piston, is located in the groove of the disk, which is the compressor rotor, with with the possibility of moving relative to the first half-cylinder until the inclined bottom of the second half-cylinder fits to the base of the groove of this disk, the middle and rotatable inner cylinders are provided with windows for inlet of the working mixture into the combustion chamber and overflow windows for the release of the burning working mixture, according to the invention, the diameter of the disk that is the turbine rotor , larger than the diameter of the disk, which is the compressor rotor, and the disk, which is the turbine rotor, is made in the form of a short cylindrical element, the protrusion of which wo is located on its inner surface. The combustion chamber is located inside the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine.

The increase in torque on the engine shaft is ensured by the fact that the diameter of the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, is larger than the diameter of the disk, which is the rotor of the compressor, since the combustion chamber is located inside the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, and not outside of it, which is used in the invention selected as prototype.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig.1 shows a General view of the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine, Fig.2 is a section along the line aa of Fig.1; figure 3 is a section along the line BB of figure 1; figure 4 is a section along the line BB in figure 1; figure 5 is a section along the line GG of figure 1.

The basis of the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine are two disks 1 and 2 located in parallel, rigidly mounted on one shaft 3 at a fixed distance from each other and rotating in the housing 4 (see figure 1). The diameter of the disk 2, which is the rotor of the turbine, is larger than the diameter of the disk 1, which is the rotor of the compressor. The disk 2, which is the turbine rotor, is made in the form of a short cylindrical element. In the upper part of the disk 1, which is the compressor rotor, there is a groove 5 of a rectangular shape located along the radius of the disk. Groove 5 has a different depth, smoothly changing from "zero" depth to maximum and vice versa. So the groove depth gradually increases from zero to the largest value on the first half of the circular arc of the disk 1 and gradually decreases from the highest value to zero on the second half of the circular arc of the disk 1. Disks 1 and 2 are placed in parallel working cavities that form the working chambers, and the working chamber the disk 1 is formed by the surfaces of the groove 5 of the disk 1 and the housing 4 of the engine, and the working chamber of the disk 2 is the inner surface of the disk 2 and the housing 4 of the engine. Shaft 3 with discs 1 and 2 mounted on it is also a power take-off shaft.

In the engine housing 4 parallel to the shaft 3 inside the disk 2, which is the rotor of the turbine, there is a combustion chamber 6 made in the form of three coaxial cylinders: external 7, middle 8 and internal 9, installed in each other (see figure 2).

The outer cylinder 7, which has the largest diameter and is a cylinder with a bottom facing toward the disk 1, is divided into two half-cylinders by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft 3 and the axis of the cylinders of the combustion chamber 6. The first half-cylinder of the outer cylinder 7 is rigidly fixed in the engine casing 4, and the second half-cylinder 10, which at the same time is a piston, fits tightly into the groove 5 of the disk 1 and has the ability to move relative to the first stationary half-cylinder of the outer cylinder 7 until the inclined bottom of the half-cylinder 10 fits to the base 5 when changing the depth of the groove 5 of the disk 1. The bottom of the half cylinder 10 through the ring 11 is pressed against the base of the groove 5 through the spring 12 and has a slant at an angle α for tightly pressing it against the base of the groove 5.

The middle cylinder 8 is a cylinder with a bottom facing the side of the disk 1, and fits tightly into the outer cylinder 7. At the bottom of the cylinder 8 there is a window 13 for inlet to the combustion chamber 6 of the working mixture, and in the cavity of the cylinder 8 there is a bypass window 14 of a rectangular shape , which is located under the inner surface of the disk 2 and is intended for the release of a burning working mixture.

The inner cylinder 9 is a cylinder with bottoms at both ends and fits tightly into the middle cylinder 8. The cylinder 9 is able to rotate in the cylinder 8 due to the gear gear 15 (see figure 1). In the bottom of the cylinder 9 (see Fig. 2), facing the disk 1, there is a window 16 for inlet of the working mixture into the combustion chamber 6, having a shape similar to that of the window 13 of the cylinder 8 (see Fig. 3), and in the cavity the cylinder 9, located under the inner surface of the disk 2, there is a bypass window 17 having a shape similar to the shape of the window 14 of the cylinder 8, designed to release a burning working mixture (see figure 2). In the bottom of the cylinder 9, facing the disk 2, there is an opening for the spark plug 18.

A part of the cylinders 8 and 9, with overflow windows 14 and 17, respectively, is located under the inner surface of the disk 2, so that the protrusion 19 located on the inner surface of the disk 2, which is the rotor of the turbine, is in close contact with the housing 1 and passes in close proximity to the surface of the middle cylinder 8 of the combustion chamber 6. In the engine housing 4, under the working surface of the disk 2, a shutter 20 is located, which is pressed against the inner surface of the disk 2 by a spring 21 and having the possibility of contact with the protrusion 19 of the disk 2.

The working chamber of the disk 1 (see figure 1), formed by the motor housing 4 and the groove 5 of the disk 1, is divided by a half cylinder 10 (see figure 5) and the protrusion 22 of the disk 1, corresponding to the zero depth of the groove 5 (see figure 1) of the disk 1, to the inlet chamber 23 (see FIG. 5) and the compression chamber 24. The working chamber of the disk 2 (see FIG. 4), formed by the motor housing 4 and the inner surface of the disk 2, is divided by the protrusion 19 and the shutter 20 onto the working chamber 25 and exhaust chamber 26.

In the housing 4 of the engine there is a channel 27 connecting the exhaust chamber 26 to the atmosphere. In the housing 4 of the engine (see figure 2) also has a channel 28 connecting the intake chamber 23 (see figure 5) with the intake system of the internal combustion engine.

The extreme right position 29 (see figure 2) of the half cylinder 10 of the combustion chamber 6 corresponds to the zero recess (see figure 5) of the groove 5 (see figure 1) of the disk 1.

In addition, the drawing further indicates:

- arrows in figures 1, 4, 5 - direction of rotation of the disks 1,2;

- dotted lines in figure 2 - the possible position of the half cylinder 10 in the groove 5 of the disk 1;

- arrows with the inscriptions in figure 2, 4 - the direction of movement of the working and spent mixture, respectively.

A rotary piston internal combustion engine operates as follows.

For reference, we take the position of the disk 1 when the half-cylinder 10 of the combustion chamber 6 is in the extreme right position, i.e. when the depth of the groove 5 is zero (position 29, see figure 2). The rotation of the disks 1,2 occurs clockwise from the gear 15 (see figure 1). The engine runs on gasoline and has a standard carburetor for preparing the working mixture.

Consider the initially complete engine duty cycle from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke, occurring with one charge of the working mixture.

1 cycle - the intake takes place at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 from 0 to 360 °. When the disk 1 rotates behind the half cylinder 10, a vacuum is created, and the working mixture, consisting of gasoline vapor and air, enters the inlet chamber 23 through the channel 28 (see Fig. 5).

2 cycle - compression occurs at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see figure 1) from 360 to 720 ° and ends when the zero recess (see figure 5) of the groove 5 of the disk 1 approaches the half-cylinder 10, which will occupy the extreme right position 29 (see figure 2). At the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) from 360 ° to 520-540 ° (depending on the installation of the gas distribution phases), the working mixture is preliminarily compressed in the compression chamber 24 (see Fig. 5), until windows 13 and 16 begin to combine (see figure 3). After the beginning of the combination of windows 13 and 16, the pre-compressed working mixture will begin to enter the internal cavity of the combustion chamber 6 (see figure 2), where it will be further compressed up to 720 ° rotation of the shaft 3 (see figure 1), t .e. until the moment when the zero recess of the groove 5 (see Fig. 5) of the disk 1 rises in front of the combustion chamber 6 (see Fig. 2) and the half-cylinder 10 takes the extreme right position 29. Windows 13 and 16 will close at this moment, and the whole the working mixture will be compressed in the cylinder 9 of the combustion chamber 6.

3 cycle - the working stroke occurs at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see figure 1) from 720 to 1080 °. At the same time, when the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 is equal to 720 °, ignition of the working mixture occurs in the cylinder 9 of the combustion chamber 6 due to the spark jumping in the spark plug 18. At that moment, the window 17 of the cylinder 9 and the bypass window 14 of the cylinder 8 begin to be aligned. and constantly increasing due to the rotation of the cylinder 9 gap burning working mixture breaks into the chamber of the stroke 25 (see figure 4).

Due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, high pressure is created that acts on the protrusion 19 of the disk 2, causing the disk 2 to rotate and create torque on the shaft 3 of the engine. When the disk 2 rotates from 720 to 1080 °, burning gases move around the circumference.

4 cycle - release occurs when the shaft 3 (see FIG. 1) rotates from 1080 to 1440 °. In this case, the exhaust gases from the exhaust chamber 26 (see Fig. 3) are discharged through the channel 27 into the atmosphere.

Thus, when the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see figure 1) equal to 1440 °, the exhaust process ends, and therefore, the complete duty cycle that occurs in this engine with one charge of the working mixture ends.

With constant engine operation, the following occurs. When the disks rotate from 0 to 360 ° in the working cavity of the disk 1 (see Fig. 5), compression occurs (compression chamber 24) and the inlet of the working mixture (inlet chamber 23), and in the working cavity of the disk 2 (see Fig. 4 ) at the same time there is a working stroke (chamber 25) and exhaust (exhaust chamber 26). Thus, the full cycle is performed at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see figure 1), equal to 360 °.

Sealing closed volumes in the engine is ensured by the precision of manufacturing engine parts, due to labyrinth seals and due to the sealing rings and plates of a special design.

The engine allows the use of standard cooling, lubrication and ignition systems. The use of the invention allows to increase the effective power of a rotary piston internal combustion engine by increasing the torque on the engine shaft, since the burning air-fuel mixture creates a high pressure on the protrusion of the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine located at a greater radius from the axis of rotation than engine selected as a prototype.

Claims (1)

A rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a combustion chamber, working chambers formed by working cavities in which rotating disks with different diameters are mounted, parallel mounted on the shaft, while in the disk, which is the compressor rotor, a radial groove is made with depth, smoothly increasing from zero to the largest value in the first half of the circular arc of this disk and gradually decreasing from the highest value to zero in the second half of the circular arc of this disk, and d ck, which is the rotor of the turbine, is equipped with a protrusion having the ability to contact the housing and the spring-loaded damper, the combustion chamber is made in the form of coaxial external, middle and internal cylinders installed in each other, and the external cylinder is divided by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft and cylinders into half-cylinders, the first of which is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the second of which, simultaneously being a piston, is located in the groove of the disk, which is the compressor rotor, with the possibility of movement relative to the first floor the cylinder until the inclined bottom of the second half-cylinder adjoins the base of the groove of this disk, the middle and rotatable inner cylinders are equipped with windows for admitting the working mixture into the combustion chamber and bypass windows for discharging the burning working mixture, characterized in that the diameter of the disk which is the turbine rotor is larger the diameter of the disk, which is the rotor of the compressor, and the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine, is made in the form of a short cylindrical element, the protrusion of which is located on its inner surface, at Ohm, the combustion chamber is located inside the disk, which is the rotor of the turbine.

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