RU2315165C1 - Rock drilling method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, mining construction and construction, particularly hard rock breakage during short blast-hole, expendable and engineering well drilling in difficult-to-access areas with the use of drilling rigs.

SUBSTANCE: method involves performing core drilling by rock-cutting tool 1 rotation along with rock-cutting tool 1 cooling and bottom cleaning of mud with gas flow. Rock-cutting tool is cooled with solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) 6. Well bottom is cleaned by evaporating carbon dioxide supplied via hole annuity 8. Rock drilling device 7 comprises core barrel 3 fastened to drill string 5 by means of sub 4. The core barrel 3 has catcher ring 2 and rock-cutting tool 1 carried by the catcher ring 2. Core barrel 3 interior is filled with solid carbon dioxide 6. Ribbon coil 9 is wound on outer surfaces of core barrel 3, rock-cutting tool 1 body and blind sub 4.

EFFECT: decreased power inputs for exploratory well drilling due to cleaning agent circulation elimination from process and increased rock-cutting tool cooling intensity.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining, mining and construction industry and the construction industry and can be used to destroy rocks while drilling shallow blasting, exploration and engineering wells in remote areas by drilling rigs.

A known method of drilling wells (RF patent No. 2276245, IPC ЕВВ 7/00), including drilling a wellbore with a drilling tool to clean the well of drill cuttings with compressed air injected by the compressor into the well through the drilling tool, characterized in that when lowering the speed of the well below a predetermined value inside the drilling tool form a "liquid" piston, for which successively stop the injection of compressed air, produce a short-term supply of washing liquid under pressure to the drilling tool and the injection of compressed air is updated, after which, using the pressure of the injected compressed air, the "liquid" piston is moved through the drilling tool to the bottom of the well and from the bottom along the wellbore to its mouth, and using the specified "liquid" piston, the drill cuttings are expelled from the well through mouth of the latter. The disadvantages of this method are the high energy costs associated with the need to use a compressor in the process of drilling a well and a mud pump to supply flushing fluid.

A known method of drilling engineering-geological wells (Rebrik BM Drilling engineering-geological wells: Handbook. // M .: Nedra, 1990, pp. 64-74), which consists in rotary drilling with an annular bottom hole of small diameter wells, s the presence of water at the bottom or periodically topping it up, in rocks of low hardness by successive routing recesses, mainly carbide rock cutting tools, with replacing the tool after lifting the projectile, with the transmission of torque using drill pipes using a movable type rotator, without h additional working mechanism, with a low speed, without forcibly removing the products of destruction, with obtaining a core and with the separation of the latter by grouting “dry” and transportation in a core pipe, with the walls being fixed with casing strings. The disadvantages of this method and device are the high energy costs associated with the need for water at the bottom of the well or its topping up in the well.

A known method of drilling engineering-geological wells, adopted as a prototype (Rebrik B.M. , in rocks of any hardness, by successive traveling recesses, with the transmission of torque by means of drill pipes by a movable type rotator, without an additional working mechanism, with the removal of fracture products by an air stream, with direct circulation created by the compressor on the surface, with core collection and core tube transportation. To implement this method, a single or double core set is used, comprising a core tube with a core ring installed in it, a crown and an adapter. The disadvantages of this method and device are the high energy costs associated with the need to use a compressor in the process of drilling a well.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce energy costs for drilling engineering and geological wells by eliminating the circulation of the cleaning agent from the production process, as well as increasing the cooling rate of the rock cutting tool.

The technical result is achieved in that the method of drilling rocks, which consists in drilling an annular face by rotating the rock cutting tool with its cooling and cleaning the bottom from sludge with a gas stream, characterized in that the rock cutting tool is cooled with carbon dioxide in the solid state (dry ice), and the bottom is cleaned evaporated carbon dioxide through the annulus.

The technical result in the device for drilling rocks is achieved by the fact that it contains a core pipe fixed to the drill string using an adapter with a core ring and a rock cutting tool installed on it and differs in that the interior of the core pipe is filled with carbon dioxide in the solid state, and the outer surfaces of the core tube, the body of the rock cutting tool and the adapter, made deaf, wound tape spiral.

The application of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the efficiency when drilling shallow wells in solid rocks due to the exclusion of the cleaning agent from the production process, as well as increasing the cooling rate of the rock cutting tool.

The method of drilling rocks and a device for its implementation is illustrated by the scheme of the device, where:

1 - rock cutting tool body (diamond or carbide crown);

2 - core ring;

3 - core pipe;

4 - blind adapter;

5 - drill string;

6 - carbon dioxide in the solid state (dry ice);

7 - rock;

8 - annulus;

9 - tape spiral.

The method is intended for the destruction of rocks during the drilling of shallow explosive, exploration and engineering wells in remote areas by drilling rigs. The body of the rock cutting tool 1 is fixed by means of a threaded connection to the core pipe 3 containing the core ring 2, forming a core set. The core pipe 3 is connected by a threaded connection to the drill string 5 with a blind adapter 4. On the outer surface of the core pipe 3, the rock cutting tool body 1 and the adapter 4, a tape spiral 9 is wound.

Inside the core pipe 3, using a core ring 2 before starting drilling, carbon dioxide is installed in the solid state (dry ice) 6, for example, in the form of a cylinder whose diameter is limited by the inner diameter of the core pipe.

A device for drilling rocks works as follows. When drilling wells, the drill string 5 is rotated, the axial force is created by a movable type rotator, pressing the core set formed by the core pipe 3 and the rock cutting tool with housing 1 to the bottom of the well. During the drilling of rock 7, heat is generated by the rock-breaking tool, which causes intense evaporation of carbon dioxide 6 in the solid state, and evaporation must occur simultaneously with the core core filling - this can be achieved by observing the drilling conditions established for specific geological conditions. The vaporization product - carbon dioxide in a gaseous state cleans the inner space of the core set of drill cuttings, blowing it into the annulus 8, thereby eliminating core sludge inside the core pipe. In the annulus 8, the drilled particles move to the surface along the tape spiral 9.

When driving the entire length of the core set, the rock cutting tool is detached from the bottom of the well, the core ring 2 is activated and the core remains inside the core pipe 3, replacing the evaporated carbon dioxide 6. When drilling the next flight, the core is removed from the core set and the core pipe 3 is filled with solid carbon dioxide .

The use of this method of drilling rocks provides the following advantages:

- increasing the efficiency of drilling without washing due to the exclusion of the circulation agent of the treatment agent from the production process;

- increase the intensity of cooling of rock cutting tools;

- reduction of energy costs for drilling.

Claims (2)

1. The method of drilling rocks, which consists in drilling an annular face by rotating the rock cutting tool with its cooling and cleaning the bottom from sludge with a gas stream, characterized in that the rock cutting tool is cooled by carbon dioxide in the solid state (dry ice), and the bottom is cleaned by evaporating carbon dioxide through annulus. 2. A device for drilling rocks, comprising a core pipe fixed to the drill string using an adapter and a core ring and a rock cutting tool installed on it, characterized in that the interior of the core pipe is filled with carbon dioxide in the solid state, and on the outer surfaces of the core pipe, the body a rock cutting tool and an adapter made deaf, a tape spiral is wound.