RU2314783C2 - Method for correcting human body weight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, dietetics.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with treating human obesity. It is necessary to have the record of alimentary behavior. The diet consists of fractional nutrition 4-6 times a day. It is important to restrict the intake of salt, sugar and starchy products, do physical loadings, thermotherapy and massage that includes the techniques of classical, Thai, cheiromassage and neurosedative massage. During the first intake of food one should eat caloric carbohydrates at high glycemic index and gradually during the day one should come to low-caloric carbohydrates at low glycemic index. Since the second half of the day it is necessary to start eating protein food. Physical loadings should be at first fulfilled at moderate intensity at pulse value being 50-60% against maximal pulse value, and then at average intensity at pulse value ranged 60-70% against maximal pulse value. The value of maximal pulse should be calculated according to the following formula: 208-(0.7×X), where X - a patient's age.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of correction.

5 cl, 3 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to psychotherapy, and can be used to correct a person’s weight.

Obesity is one of the most common diseases, which, according to researchers, are based on various causes. The most significant etiological factor is recognized as a disorder of the mechanisms of regulation of fat metabolism, which can occur in any part of the regulatory apparatus - both at the level of the central and autonomic nervous system, and at the level of intimate metabolism of fatty tissue. The most significant factor contributing to the development of the disease is recognized as a violation of the diet in the form of its redundancy and disorder.

Distinguish the form of obesity as an independent disease and as a symptom complex, reflecting the pathology in the central nervous system and the endocrine system. The insufficiency of motor activity, which was previously considered as the main reason for the occurrence of obesity, is now given the role of an additional rather than decisive factor.

In modern conditions, obesity is one of the most common forms of pathology among the population, contributing to the manifestation and development of many diseases that worsen the state of health and shorten a person’s life expectancy. The features of the life of a modern person contribute to an increase in the number of overweight and obese people: an ever-increasing neuro-emotional load, combined with low physical activity and a pronounced imbalance of dietary nutrients.

Recently, a large number of methods and means have been developed used in the treatment of obesity.

Currently, the treatment of obesity with methods of psychotherapy is widespread. They are based on special techniques aimed at the formation of a concentrated focus of excitation in the cerebral cortex, which, according to the law of negative induction, causes a braking zone around itself, which determines the dominant importance of this region or point of the cerebral hemispheres against the background of a decrease in the tone of the cortex. In this case, the word-order acquires the meaning of a specific code isolated from all influences and becomes an effective stimulus that can cause inhibition of motivation processes.

However, experience of practical work shows that the use of psychotherapy in the treatment of obesity is ineffective, since patients require a long mobilization of emotional-volitional efforts, and most of the patients are not able to adhere to food restrictions and increase motor activity over a long period of time.

A known method of treating nutritional obesity (RF patent No.2008028). According to this method, psychotherapy is carried out in a wakeful state beforehand, while verbal suggestion reinforces and strengthens the motivation for weight loss, then the patient is brought into a meditation state, an autoheterosuggestive effect is carried out, an indifferent attitude to food is instilled, they cause anorexical-dysphatic sensations and increase their mechanical irritation areas of the anterior projection of the stomach, esophagus. The session is repeated after 1-2 days. The last session begins with irritation using the acupuncture or acupressure method of reflexogenic zones or points of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. The program for introducing into a meditative state includes a weight loss program, which is preliminarily calculated taking into account the parameters of weight loss in the first two sessions and the autoheterosuggestive effect is repeated against the background of irritation of the reflex zones. The method requires at least three sessions of psychotherapeutic intervention.

A significant disadvantage of this method is that this method is aimed at treating only nutritional obesity, therefore, cannot be used for other groups of patients with obesity.

There is a method of treating nutritional obesity (RF patent No. 2092192), according to which, when a psychologically determined jam is detected in the role of "parent", a psycho-emotional state of increased erotic feeling is formed, for this they are influenced by aromatic means with a pronounced musky tone, musical compositions are presented on erotic themes and against the background of the formed psycho-emotional state, verbal suggestion is carried out aimed at switching interest from satisfying food needs to sexual satisfaction. However, in the description of the method there is no data on the duration and mode of treatment to achieve a stable result.

A known method of reducing the weight of a person using an autogenic training (Lindemann X. Autogenic training, M. Me., 1985, p.325). However, the method has the disadvantages of any autogenic training applied in isolation.

There is a method of treating the complex treatment of obesity (Psychotherapy in the system of rehabilitation of patients with the alimentary-constitutional form of obesity, Ter. Archive, 1984, t.56, No. 10, cc.104-107), including multi-stage complex treatment using at each stage of diet therapy, therapeutic physical education, drug therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy. In this case, the psychotherapeutic effect at the preparatory stage includes learning the techniques of autogenous training with the aim of mastering the methods of self-regulation of hunger and thirst, activation of the motor sphere, reduction of the level of psychological stress; at the second stage - also teaching methods of self-regulation using certain formulas, conducting rational psychotherapy in relation to diet, physical activity, at the third stage - conducting rational group, family psychotherapy, various types of club work.

This type of psychotherapeutic effect is in the nature of supportive psychotherapy. But such a tactic of psychotherapy in the treatment of obesity, as experience shows, is ineffective, because patients need a long-term mobilization of emotional-volitional efforts, and most of the patients are not able to adhere to food restrictions and increase motor activity over a long period of time.

A known method for the treatment of obesity (RF patent No. 2153362), including preliminary daily fasting, psychotherapeutic effect in the waking state by the method of group rational psychotherapy and diet therapy with the exception of high-calorie foods, characterized in that at the stage of rational therapy they associate the achievement of the effect with individual weight optimization due to over-regulation of self-regulating systems of the food center, after which in a state of meditation they carry out direct and indirect suggestive actions and form an active positive emotional-volitional motivation for the implementation of the diet program, rebuilding and subordinating the motivation scheme to socially significant motivations, for which they use psychosomatic paradigms in the form of short verbal plots and simultaneously reinforce them with reflex action in the forehead and temporal lobes with fixation of physical pressure in the epigastrium while the volume of food is limited to 1300-1500 ml per day and high-calorie foods are excluded for 2-3 months.

There is a method of treating food addiction, accompanied by obesity, including diet therapy and psychotherapeutic intervention, which is carried out for two sessions of eight hours each by the method of marathon in conditions of asthenia, failure of biorhythms and behavioral stereotypes, the formation of a weight loss program, keeping a diary of eating behavior, and conducting after the main sessions of psychotherapeutic exposure for one session lasting three hours after one and three months, aimed at consolidating the results At least, discussion and exclusion of situations that provoke a relapse of obesity.

However, psychotherapeutic techniques can reduce weight only for a short period of time and do not contribute to the consolidation of new eating behavior for a longer period. In addition, as a result of the work of a psychotherapist, the recommended number of kilograms is not taken into account, by which it is necessary to reduce weight without harm to health and exclude the possibility of weight gain in the future.

The universal cause of any obesity is most often malnutrition and overeating.

In the diet therapy of obesity, numerous diets with different contents of essential nutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) are known. These include, for example, reduced diets, a “zero” diet (liquid and jelly-like dishes), unloading diets (protein, protein-free, vegetable, and many others), a “point-and-shoot” diet (calorie counting).

There is a method of treating obesity using diet therapy, which consists in prescribing a low-calorie diet with a reduced calorie content of up to 1000 kcal in the first month, 1200 kcal in the second month, followed by bringing it to a value that corresponds to the normal needs of the body.

Despite the abundance of available methods, there are more and more full people in our country. Along with the two main reasons for this phenomenon - increased consumption of high-calorie foods and reduced physical activity, there is a third reason: the lack of effectiveness of the methods used to reduce weight in the absence of a nutritional culture.

The closest way to get rid of excess weight is a reduced diet: a low-calorie diet with a low content of carbohydrates and fats, relatively rich in protein and designed to restore normal weight. It uses the basic principles of good nutrition: frequent and fractional meals in small portions 4-5 times a day, limiting the intake of salt, sugar, flour and animal fats. A reduced diet has many options and is recommended both for obesity and for any overweight obesity (RF patent No. 2244569).

However, it should be borne in mind that these diets are designed for a short period of time (2-3 weeks) and provide weight loss of up to 1 kg per week, which can not be considered intense. In addition, doctors advise using this diet no more than one to two days a week, since a decrease in the content or the complete exclusion of certain types of products is very dangerous for health and can cause severe pancreatitis or cholecystitis.

The objective of the present invention is the achievement of persistent weight loss for a long period by forming a new rational stereotype of eating behavior with almost complete absence of contraindications and the possibility of individual use not in a hospital.

A set of tasks has been developed that need to be solved in order to lose weight once and for all. It includes the following tasks:

1) lose weight by the right amount of kilograms, intensively, without sagging skin;

2) reduce caloric intake;

3) to maintain the intestinal volume of food consumed sufficient for normal operation;

4) to ensure the intake of nutrients in the required amount;

5) rebuild eating habits, improve nutrition;

6) rebuild the psyche;

7) to maintain the achieved weight.

The problem is solved in that in a method of correcting a person’s weight, including maintaining a diary of eating behavior to assess the internal psychological state, fractional nutrition 4-6 times a day, limiting the intake of salt, sugar and flour products, exercise, thermotherapy and massage, characterized in that at the first meal they consume high-glycemic high-calorie carbohydrates and at the second, third and fourth meals low-calorie low-calorie carbohydrates are used, from the second sex Today we switch to protein food, exercise at first with moderate intensity with a pulse value of 50-60% of the maximum heart rate, and then with average intensity with a pulse of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate, while the maximum heart rate is calculated by the formula:

208- (0.7 × X),

where X is age

The massage includes the techniques of classical, Thai, chiromassage and neurosedative massage, thermotherapy is preferably carried out in the evening after the last meal.

According to the second point of the invention, moderate-intensity physical exercise is carried out while walking, swimming, cycling and performing light aerobic exercises, and moderate-intensity physical exercise is carried out while walking, intensive swimming and with active training on simulators.

According to another point of the invention, thermotherapy is carried out before bedtime at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, followed by dipping in cold water.

For the first meal, for example, the following carbohydrates with a high glycemic index are recommended: bran, sweet yogurt, bananas, oatmeal, boiled corn, granola with raisins.

For the second and third meals, for example, it is recommended:

- low-calorie carbohydrates with a low glycemic index:

- cabbage, mushrooms, grapefruits, apples, cauliflower, buckwheat;

- products containing proteins:

- beans, peas, beans,

- dairy products in the form of low-fat cottage cheese and skim milk products,

- lean meat - veal, beef and poultry,

- fish - pike, cod, pike perch,

- seafood - shrimp, crab,

- eggs - only protein;

- products containing fats:

- olive and sunflower oil,

- butter,

- nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts).

For a fourth meal, for example, it is recommended:

- low-calorie carbohydrates with a low glycemic index:

- cucumbers

- eggplant

- broccoli,

- Green pepper,

- lettuce leaf;

- products containing proteins:

- lean meat - veal and beef, poultry,

- fish - pike, cod, pike perch,

- seafood - shrimp, crab,

- eggs are just protein.

Sample menu for 2 days of the weight loss period.

The total volume of fluid is 1.5 liters per day, the amount of salt is limited.

First day.

First meal:

- fruit salad (possible on low-fat yogurt);

- a slice of bread with bran;

- a glass of green tea.

The second meal:

- low fat cottage cheese with prunes;

- a glass of carbonated table mineral water.

Third meal:

- broccoli puree soup;

- eggplant stewed with herbs;

- a glass of green tea.

Fourth Meal:

- pike perch in vinegar with cilantro;

- braised spinach with onions;

- a glass of green tea.

Second day.

First meal:

- oatmeal in water with dried apricots;

- 1 apple;

- Decaffeinated coffee without sugar.

The second meal:

- omelet on skim milk with herbs;

- a glass of carbonated table mineral water.

Third meal:

- vegetable soup on the water with cabbage, broccoli;

- colored bean salad;

- a glass of green tea.

Fourth Meal:

- boiled meat;

- a salad of fresh cucumbers, green lettuce, green pepper, herbs, flavored with soy sauce;

- a glass of green tea.

Hiromassage is one of the most common techniques.

At the initial stage of weight loss, lymphatic drainage techniques of chiromassage are mainly used. It helps:

- cleanse the body by getting rid of metabolic products and toxins;

- remove swelling of tissues, which makes subcutaneous fat more accessible for other procedures;

- improve tissue microcirculation, increase oxygen delivery to tissues by improving venous circulation.

Clinically (externally), this is manifested by a change in the quality and quantity of subcutaneous fat - the subcutaneous fat fold becomes thinner, the structure of adipose tissue becomes less dense, and body volume and weight decrease.

At the stage when part of the weight has already gone and the patient is prepared to receive a greater load, it is preferable to use kneading techniques aimed at the deeper layers of the skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle.

(a) By working directly with mashings on the skin and subcutaneous fat, the following effects can be achieved:

- a decrease in the density and volume of body fat due to an increase in the amount of free fat, which is more easily excreted from the body;

- reducing the number and thickness of folds, leveling the relief by increasing the tone and elasticity of the skin.

(b) Working by kneading to the depth of the muscle layer, the following effects can be achieved:

- an increase in muscle tone;

- the removal of muscle fatigue of the patient after physical activity corresponding to his condition due to the excretion of lactic acid and other end products resulting from muscle work.

At the stage of losing weight, when a significant part of the weight is gone, the problem of sagging skin comes first. During this period, along with other techniques, it is especially important to use vibration and massage techniques that tone the skin (patting, striking, quilting, plucking techniques).

As a result, the elasticity and turgor of the skin are improved, which helps to gradually reduce sagging skin and strengthen the silhouette of the figure.

In general, the effect of massage on the body can be described as follows:

increasing metabolic processes in the body, enhancing the removal of fat from fat depots, massage promotes the "combustion" of fats, which are in excess in adipose tissue.

Neurosedative massage increases the adaptive capabilities of the body, resistance to stress is acquired, the so-called "anti-stress immunity", the activity of the dominant hemisphere decreases, the electrical activity of the hemispheres is synchronized, the centers of pleasure of the brain are stimulated, releasing endorphins with anti-stress action.

Unlike other techniques, neurosedative massage is based on the structure of continuous lines, all movements are uniform and sustained in the same rhythm. Methods of induction of kinesthetic trance (passes, alternative stroking, simultaneous work on opposite limbs) are subconsciously associated with "early tactile stimulation" or maternal touching the child. It is weak, monotonous, slowly changing sensations that relax as much as possible, improve a person’s functional state, causing healing positive emotions.

Work in this technique helps to restore internal contact with oneself, overcome the disconnection between the body and feelings, relieve depression, stress, harmonize the general condition.

Neurosedative massage is used both in aesthetic facial treatments and in wellness body treatments.

"Anti-stress programs" are used as an integral part of the process of losing weight:

- to create a permanent positive attitude;

- to maintain mental balance at the moments of low mood, which is natural in the process of losing weight, because it is stepwise (periods of weight loss alternate with the so-called "plateau" - stop weight loss);

- for the formation of new positive habits by maintaining a "comfort center" - lack of desire to constantly have a bite to eat, enjoyment from physical activity, etc. The negative emotions associated with the change in the usual way of life, the need to experience some restrictions in the quality and quantity of food are being eliminated.

Thai massage is carried out by pressing on the bioactive points located on the energy lines, stretching and squeezing the muscles, it is like yoga and reflexology at the same time.

The main methods of Thai massage for pressure and stretching.

Pressures are carried out:

- acupuncture with the pads of the thumbs;

- pressure palms, feet.

Stretching or twisting are manipulations, movements aimed at stretching any part of the body.

The main mechanisms of action of the Thai massage technique.

Impact on the musculoskeletal system.

Deep pressure kneads the muscles and stretches the fascia, which contributes to the development of elastic fibers, normalization of the functions of connective tissue. As a result, muscles, fascia, tendons become flexible and strengthen. The microcirculation of blood in the capillaries of the muscles, fascia. All this leads to a decrease in pain. Muscles become malleable, capable of physical exertion.

As a result of the stretching, the muscles are stretched and relaxed, which the CNS gives a signal to the antagonist muscles to stop the effect and soon the muscles acquire a natural normal tone.

The joints, stretching smoothly and naturally, restore and maintain their elasticity, increase the amount of mobility. The ability of bones to absorb calcium improves.

Exposure to the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Meridians are often located near the venous, lymphatic and nerve plexuses, vessels, channels. Pressures improve venous outflow and lymphatic drainage, which entails noticeable aesthetic results: the skin becomes smoother and more shiny, and lipodystrophy (cellulite) is reduced.

Impact on the central nervous system.

Thai massage has a very powerful calming effect. Reducing muscle tension, tendons and correcting joint mobility slows down the production of adrenaline, balancing the neurovegetative system. The cause of physical and mental fatigue is eliminated, and the patient’s psycho-emotional state is harmonized, which is very important for patients who are overweight. Overweight is always the disharmony of a person’s personality.

Impact on the digestive tract.

Stretching exercises, pressures on the area of the anterior abdominal wall activate blood circulation and streamline the digestive system.

In general, the general balance of muscle groups is restored, pain is relieved, joint mobility increases, posture improves, and all this has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system.

The method of “Tamaz Mchedlidze's weight correction method” uses elements of traditional Thai massage to achieve the following effects:

1) harmonization of the psycho-emotional background;

2) restoration and improvement of the function of the musculoskeletal system;

3) improving the function of the gastrointestinal tract.

Table When used Elements of Thai massage technique Effects Throughout the entire course of weight correction - general Thai massage once a week - harmonization of psycho-emotional background - Thai foot massage 1-2 times a week - restoration and improvement of the function of the musculoskeletal system - improved gastrointestinal function The stage of preparing the patient for physical activity - emphasis on the main muscle groups and large joints, spine - 2-3 times a week restoration and improvement of the function of the musculoskeletal system With muscle fatigue, pain in the spine, joints after exercise - acupuncture, pressure, stretching in the field of localization of pain restoration and improvement of the function of the musculoskeletal system With gastrointestinal hypomotorics (constipation) - acupuncture, pressure of the abdomen no more than 2 times a week improvement of gastrointestinal function

Examples of the application of the proposed method for correcting a person’s weight.

No. 1

Patient M., 43 years old, weight 164 kg, height 182 cm.

Occupation - business, management.

Complaints about a sharp restriction of physical activity, shortness of breath with slight exertion, pain in the chest and lumbar spine, pain in the knee joints, periodic pain in the right hypochondrium, constipation, increased sweating.

From the anamnesis: weight increased over 14 years, repeatedly tried to lose weight on their own (popular diets, starvation), but could not stand the restrictions for more than a month, took xenical, the effect was short-lived. Weight continued to increase, could not control his appetite.

Passed an individual program according to the proposed method:

- 4 meals a day, changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of food products (selection by glycemic index), limiting salt, sugar, flour

- physical activity daily - walking, swimming at a reasonable pace, started from 15 minutes, gradually increased to 2 hours

- thermotherapy 2-4 times a week, 2 hours after dinner

- after a decrease in body weight by 10% of the initial massage 3 times a week was attached. Massage technique combines lymphatic drainage, lipolytic techniques, elements of Thai massage. Weighing 135 kg, a Thai massage course was conducted to prepare the spine and joints for a more intense load (jogging, skiing).

A year later, the patient's body weight was 90 kg (weight loss was 74 kg), eating behavior changed, he himself noted excellent health, a surge of energy ("younger"), he is actively involved in sports. (See the article “There was weight, but floated away!” From the Rossiyskaya Gazeta newspaper No. 277 (3946) dated 12/09/2005) for a photograph of a patient before applying the claimed method and a photograph of the patient after applying the claimed weight correction method).

Within 7 months, the weight is in the range of 90-93 kg, the patient likes a new lifestyle.

Number 2

Patient K., 41 years old, weight 90 kg, height 174 cm.

Occupation - housewife.

Complaints of weakness, fatigue during physical exertion of medium intensity, pain in the lower back, dissatisfaction with his figure.

From the anamnesis: weight began to increase gradually after childbirth (from 60 kg). I myself tried various diets, but could not stand it for a long time. I took the drug meridia (due to side effects, I refused the drug). Active physical education is not attractive.

In connection with the ongoing weight gain, I decided to undergo treatment with the proposed method:

- 3 meals a day, selection of products with a glycemic index of less than 50 (the number was not limited), restriction of salt, sugar, flour;

- physical activity - walking on a treadmill at least 3 times a week on an empty stomach, starting from 20 minutes (during training, the patient brought the time interval to 40 minutes);

- thermotherapy 2 times a week, 2 hours after dinner;

- 3-4 times a week massage with elements of lymphatic drainage, Thai, lipolytic techniques.

After a year, the weight is 72 kg (weight loss 18 kg). I am satisfied with the results, noted the improvement in the shape of the figure, changed the wardrobe to size 46. Currently, body weight has reached a "plateau", the patient is tuned in the future, using the proposed method, to bring her weight to 70 kg.

Number 3

Patient S., 32 years old, weight 112 kg, height 174 cm.

Occupation - private entrepreneur.

Complaints of pain in the knee joints, in the spine, inability to perform physical exertion, shortness of breath, decreased potency, snoring. Gluttony attacks before bedtime or after nervous tension.

From the anamnesis: I gained weight over the past 4 years, before that, body weight was constant 80 kg, in my youth I was actively engaged in swimming, martial arts. Himself notes that amid prolonged psycho-emotional stress, he began to overeat, as a result of which he gained weight.

Concerned about his state of health, he applied for treatment with the proposed method:

- 3 meals a day, selection of products with a glycemic index of less than 50 (the number was not limited), restriction of salt, sugar, flour;

- physical activity - morning walking thermowalks at least 3 times a week, starting from 20 minutes (during training, the time interval increased to 60 minutes), swimming 2 times a week;

- thermotherapy 2 times a week, 2 hours after dinner;

- 3 times a week massage with elements of lymphatic drainage, Thai, lipolytic techniques.

After 5 months of treatment, body weight 88 kg (weight loss 24 kg), he began to attend a sports club on his own. Marks a change in rhythm and lifestyle for the better, increased mental and physical performance. Pain in the joints and spine does not bother, snoring is significantly reduced.

Claims (6)

1. A method of correcting a person’s weight, including maintaining a diary of eating behavior, fractional nutrition 4-6 times a day, limiting the intake of salt, sugar and flour products, performing physical exercises, thermotherapy and massage, characterized in that high-calorie carbohydrates are consumed at the first meal. with a high glycemic index and at the second, third and fourth meals they consume low-calorie carbohydrates with a low glycemic index, from the second half of the day switch to protein food, exercise is first performed with moderate intensity at a pulse value of 50-60% of the maximum pulse value, and then with an average intensity at a pulse value of 60-70% of the maximum pulse value, while the maximum pulse value is calculated by the formula 208- (0.7 × X), where X is age The massage includes the techniques of classical, Thai, chiromassage and neurosedative massage, thermotherapy is preferably carried out in the evening after the last meal. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moderate-intensity physical exercise is carried out while walking, swimming, cycling and performing light aerobic exercises, and the medium-intensity physical exercise is carried out while walking, intensive swimming, with active occupation fitness. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that thermotherapy is carried out at bedtime at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, followed by dipping in cold water. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the physical activity is carried out for at least three classes per week for 45 minutes. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chiromassage includes at least one of the following techniques: lymphatic drainage techniques, kneading, neurodermal manipulations, stroking. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Thai massage includes at least one of the following methods: acupuncture of bioactive points with the pads of the thumbs, pressure palms, feet.