RU2314132C1 - Method for adjusting human emotional and mental, neurohormonal and immune status - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves concurrently applying rhythmic coherent luminous, acoustic and vibrotactile actions built in functional frequency bandwidth of bioelectrical human brain activity. Coherently bound luminous, acoustic and vibrotactile actions are implemented on harmonic oscillation grid derived from base frequency by multiplying it. Luminous action is carried out on base frequency. Acoustic and vibrotactile actions are based on base frequency or its harmonics.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of combined treatment with action results predictable in advance.

4 cl, 1 dwg, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to methods for non-pharmacological correction of a person’s psychosomatic state, altered as a result of acute or chronic emotional stress, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions caused by emotional stress.

It is known that in a number of professions (for example, locomotive drivers, civilian and military aviation pilots, operational officers of security agencies, managers, middle and senior managers, etc.), the performance of professional duties is associated with increased mental and emotional stress, prolonged finding in which leads to the formation of a state of emotional stress. In turn, states of emotional stress are characterized by a wide range of concomitant neurotic, emotional, psychosomatic, neuroimmune and neurohormonal disorders. One of the main methods of dealing with the consequences of emotional stress is the periodic holding of relaxation and / or energizing measures, allowing for a short time to fully restore the mental and psychosomatic state of a person. The method of prevention of emotional stress and post-stress rehabilitation should be absolutely safe and not lead to the emergence of effects of addiction, psychological, physiological and in the case of drug correction of pharmacological dependence.

Known methods of audiovisual stimulation [1, 2, 3], combining light and sound effects on the ears and eyes of a person, i.e. a combination of visual stimuli of varying intensity, frequency and color, and sound stimuli of varying intensity, frequency and tonality.

The main disadvantage of these methods is not to use their kinesthetic sensory input for human relaxation, although it is known that approximately one third of the brain stem is involved in the processing of tactile information.

Closest to the claimed solution is a method of post-stress rehabilitation by vibroacoustic restorative massage, taken as a prototype [4], including vibro-massage with simultaneous exposure to the body of light and sound stimuli of variable intensity, obtained by synchronizing these effects with a sound product.

The main disadvantage of this method is the lack of effectiveness of neurorehabilitation, because the main effect in the known method is massage, and not work with brain regulatory systems. Light and music stimulation is intended only to enhance the main relaxing effect of massage of the muscles of the body.

In addition, due to an indefinitely selected works, prerequisites are created for virtually arbitrary effects on brain structures that do not take into account the physiological frequency characteristics of the rhythms of brain activity. This can lead to unpredictable effects, including overexcitation of individual regulatory systems, i.e. to the exact opposite, compared with the expected result.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive effect on the body with a predictable result of exposure to specialized regulatory systems of the brain.

The indicated problem in the method of non-pharmacological correction of the psychoemotional, neurohormonal and immune statuses of a person, which consists in the simultaneous use of light, sound and vibrotactile effects on a person, is solved by using rhythmic light, sound and vibrotactile effects formed in the functional frequency ranges of bioelectric activity of the human brain while coherently connected light, sound and vibrotactile effects are based on a harmonic network of vibrations formed from a single base frequency by its multiplication, whereby the light effect is carried out at the base frequency, and the sound and vibrotactile influences are carried out at the base frequency and / or harmonics.

It is well known that a change in activity in different frequency ranges of bioelectrical activity of the human brain (0.1-140 Hz) is associated with characteristic changes (i.e., enhancement, weakening or optimization) of cognitive activity at the stages of attention, perception, memorization and storage in memory information [11, 12, 14], psychoemotional [5], neurohormonal, immune and neuro-visceral statuses of a person [9, 15]. In turn, directed changes in the rhythm of bioelectrical activity of the brain using various approaches (meditative techniques [7], training in biofeedback systems on electroencephalogram indicators [10], weak rhythmic effects on visual and auditory analyzers [16, 17]) lead to the occurrence of planned physiological effects in the central nervous, autonomic and immune systems. In our proposed method, the mechanism of the optimizing effect is based on the postulates of the resonant theory of brain activity, considering its rhythmic electrical activity in various frequency ranges as a mechanism for the systemic organization of brain neurodynamics, implementing information processing and cortico-visceral integration [6, 8, 13, fourteen]. Weak rhythmic light, sound and vibrotactile influences actually represent a powerful means of switching attention from external sources of information to internal. Simultaneous multimodal stimulation with a changing frequency of intermittent effects causes synchronization of previously uncorrelated sources of spontaneous brain rhythm, and also reveals potential oscillators with increased resonant activity [8, 13, 16]. The indicated application of rhythmic stimuli in visual, auditory, and tactile modalities provides activation of a large number of various receptors, making it possible to achieve the necessary effects of neurotherapy with relatively low intensity sensory stimuli. The presence in the complex of effects of vibrotactile stimulation as a result of activation of mechanoreceptors enhances the resonant response of internal organs and functional systems. In general, synchronization of stimulation in the visual, auditory, and tactile modalities by using a single frequency grid creates the prerequisites for the emergence of coherent sensory resonance (CSR) in the brain regulatory systems involving the thalamus and reticular formation [8, 14, 16]. The DAC effect is achieved by synchronizing the visual, auditory and vibrotactile inputs at the frequencies of the bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex, which allows one to obtain reordering of the cortical neural networks and eliminating stress-caused foci of "stagnant" excitation in the brain. As a result of the resulting resonance in the neural networks of the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations, the integration of the effects of multimodal sensory influences occurs, which leads to reordering of brain neural ensembles, optimization of cortico-visceral relationships, synchronization of activity of homeostatic systems, normalization of the balance between the branches of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, removal mental and somatic stress. The effects of relaxation are accompanied by the generation of vivid visual images and a feeling of experiencing the emerging positive emotions with the whole body.

The optimization of these statuses is carried out by presenting sensory actions in the dynamic control mode of the values of the base frequency of rhythmic stimuli of constant and / or variable intensity during the exposure session. Namely, before the beginning of each session, the volume, brightness of light signals and the intensity of tactile irritation are selected individually, focusing on the individual thresholds of perception and subjective sensations of the patient. The processes of optimization of psychoemotional, neurohormonal and immune status are controlled by changing the basic frequency of rhythmic influences during the session, i.e. By deviating the base frequency, the planned effects are achieved (for example, increased relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety and depression, decreased sympathetic activation). In some cases, a change in the intensity of the effects during the neurorehabilitation session.

The optimization of these statuses is carried out, focusing on the data of the subjective self-esteem of the individual and / or on the data of objective methods for assessing his condition. Those. not only indicators of subjective self-report obtained using specialized psychometric scales (well-being, profile of experienced emotions, mood, etc.), but also data from objective methods of physiological and neurohormonal control (indicators of heart rate variability) can be used as data on the effectiveness of a patient’s rehabilitation and blood pressure, electrical resistance or conductivity of the skin, electroencephalograms, data on the state of activity of various links s immune system, indicators of neurohormonal activity).

To optimize the psychoemotional, neurohormonal and immune statuses of a person, light exposure is performed on the visual analyzer, sound - on the auditory, and vibrotactile - on the human body, including his trunk and limbs, while the dorsal surface of the body is chosen as the zones of vibrotactile exposure.

The claimed technical solution is based on the use of the DAC effect that occurs as a result of synchronization of visual, auditory and vibro-tactile inputs in the frequencies of the bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex, which makes it possible to achieve the maximum efficiency of controlling non-medicinal neurotherapeutic influences, which has no analogues among the known solutions, which means that it meets the criterion " inventive step ".

The drawing shows a block diagram of a device for simultaneous coherent exposure to humans of light, sound and vibrotactile factors used in the implementation of the proposed method.

The device includes: a computer control unit 1, a signal conditioning unit 2, glasses with emitters 3, stereo telephones 4, a vibrating couch 5 with transducers 6.

The computer control unit 1 includes: a microprocessor 7, read-only memory (ROM) 8, random access memory (RAM) 9, input-output device (I / O) 10, system bus 11, keyboard 12 and indicator 13.

The signal generating unit 2 includes: a controlled master oscillator 14, a frequency shaper 15, tunable controlled frequency filters 16-18, output amplifiers 19-21.

The device operates as follows. Before the start of the session, focusing on the individual thresholds of perception and subjective sensations of the patient, they select the volume, brightness of light signals and the intensity of tactile irritation, set the initial base frequency of the master oscillator 14 and the deviation of its change over time, the duration of the session, and also determine the frequency of the signals acting through glasses with emitters 3, stereo phones 4 and transducers 6. All the necessary information about the session from the keyboard 12 is entered in ROM 8 and used to control frequency generator base card 14 on which the mesh generator 15 generates operating frequencies that are allocated bandpass filters 16-18, 19-21 and amplified by amplifiers provided to glasses with transducers 3, 4 and stereotelefony transdyussery 6.

The specific implementation of the method will be considered in the following examples of rehabilitation.

Example 1. Patient M., 32 years old. Diagnosis: panic disorder in the form of episodic paroxysmal anxiety. A session (48 minutes) begins at a base frequency of 12 Hz and lasts for 7 minutes, while the eyes, through closed eyelids, with the help of glasses 3, light pulses of the base frequency are simultaneously transmitted to both eyes. It is impossible to feed such low frequencies to your ears, because the lower threshold of audibility is usually in the range of 18-20 Hz. Therefore, through the telephones 4, a binaural signal is supplied (the 9th harmonic of the base frequency is 108 Hz on the left ear, and 120 Hz on the right 10th harmonic of the base frequency, whose difference frequency corresponds to the main base frequency of 12 Hz). Vibration is supplied at the 6th harmonic frequency (72 Hz) - thoracic projection ("thoracic transducer") and at the 7th harmonic frequency (84 Hz) - foot transducer, the difference frequency of which also corresponds to the base frequency of 12 Hz. Then, during the session, the base frequency for 10 minutes gradually decreases linearly to 8 Hz, remains at this value for 7 minutes, and then gradually decreases to 6 Hz for 7 minutes and remains at this value for 10 minutes. At the end of the session, the base frequency gradually increases from 6 to 10 Hz for 7 minutes. The patient finishes the procedure in a state of calm wakefulness.

12 neurotherapy sessions were performed (3 sessions per week). As a result of the course of neurotherapy, a clear improvement in the psychological status of the patient is observed - a decrease in the number of panic attacks and their intensity, a decrease in the levels of situational anxiety, depression and alexithymia (Table 1). In the neurosomatic sphere, normalization of sleep is observed. And these dynamics of heart rate variability (Table 2) indicate a decrease in the sympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system. As can be seen from table 2, this effect of neurotherapy is achieved by increasing the activity of cholinergic and reducing the activity of the sympathetic regulatory units.

Table 1
Psychometric indicators Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Situational Anxiety (STAI) 48 29th Depression (BDI) 22 6 Alexithymia - General Level (TAS-20) 68 47

Table 2
Heart rate variability (spectral analysis data) Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy LF (0.04-0.15 Hz), ms ² 1470.1 1111.4 HF (0.15-0.4 Hz), ms ² 391.5 814.3 LF / HF 3.76 1.37

Example 2. Patient P., 40 years old. Diagnosis: increased emotional lability due to emotional stress, essential hypertension of the 1st degree. A session (40 minutes) begins at a base frequency of 16 Hz, while the eyes, through closed eyelids, with the help of glasses 3, light pulses of a base frequency are fed simultaneously to both eyes. It is impossible to feed such low frequencies to your ears, because the lower threshold of audibility is usually in the range of 18-20 Hz. Therefore, through the telephones 4, a binaural signal is supplied (the 10th harmonic of the base frequency to the left ear of 160 Hz, and 176 Hz to the right 11th harmonic of the base frequency, the difference frequency of which corresponds to the main base frequency of 16 Hz). Vibration is applied at the frequency of the 11th harmonic (176 Hz) —thoracic projection (“thoracic transducer”) and at the frequency of the 12th (192 Hz) harmonic “foot transducer”, the difference frequency of which corresponds to the base frequency of 16 Hz. During the session, the base frequency gradually decreases linearly to 8.5 Hz for 10 minutes, remains at this value for 5 minutes, gradually decreases to 4 Hz for the next 10 minutes and remains at this value for 15 minutes. The session ends at a frequency of 4 Hz, in a state of deep neurorelaxation. In patient P., at this base frequency in 8 out of 10 sessions, the state of deep neurorelaxation turned into sleep.

As a result of the course of neurotherapy (a total of 10 sessions, the frequency of 3 sessions per week), an improvement in the psychological status of the patient is observed, consisting in a decrease in the indicators of situational anxiety, depression, alexithymia (Table 3). And as can be seen from table 4, indicators of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) demonstrate a clear trend towards normalization.

Table 3
Psychometric indicators Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Situational Anxiety (STAI) 44 fourteen Depression (BDI) 12 7 Alexithymia - General Level (TAS-20) 58 44

Table 4
Blood pressure (mmHg) Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Systolic blood pressure 141 123 Diastolic blood pressure 90 83

In the neurohormonal sphere (Table 5), as a result of a course of neurotherapeutic correction, the patient has a decrease in the concentration of stress-producing hormones - cortisol and ACTH, which is an objective correlate of reducing psychoemotional stress.

Table 5
Plasma hormone concentrations Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Cortisol (nmol / L) 504 297 ACTH (picogram / l) 25 23

Finally, according to neurophysiological studies (64-channel electroencephalography under physiological rest and standard functional tests), at the beginning of a course of neurotherapy, the patient was characterized by increased activation of the central parietal region (CP3) of the left hemisphere in alpha-1 (8-10 Hz), alpha -2 (10-12 Hz) and beta-1 (13-18 Hz) EEG frequency ranges, indicating the presence of a pathological focus of stagnant excitation. As a result of the correction, the normalization of the patient's condition was accompanied by a decrease in left hemisphere activation and symmetrization of interhemispheric relationships (Table 6).

Table 6
EEG power asymmetry indices in the central parietal leads (EEG P _RH -EEG P _LH ), Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Alpha-1 (8-10 Hz) -0,293 -0.049 Alpha-2 (10-12 Hz) -0.233 -0,056 Beta 1 (12-18 Hz) -0.016 -0.039

Example 3. Patient K., 49 years old. Diagnosis: moderate depressive episode with somatic manifestations. The patient complained of a decreased mood, intellectual and motor lethargy, anhedonia, and sleep disturbances in the form of morning awakenings. A session (40 min) and starts at a base frequency of 10 Hz. At the same time, through the closed eyelids, with the help of glasses 3, light pulses of the base frequency are simultaneously transmitted to both eyes simultaneously. Phones 4 receive a binaural signal (on the left ear - the 19th harmonic of the base frequency (190 Hz), and on the right ear the 20th harmonic of the base frequency (200 Hz), the difference frequency of which corresponds to the main base frequency - 10 Hz). Vibration is applied at the frequencies of the 5th harmonic (50 Hz) - thoracic projection ("thoracic transducer") and at frequencies of the 6th harmonic (60 Hz) - "foot transducer". During the session, the base frequency gradually decreases linearly to 6 Hz for 10 minutes, remains at this value for 5 minutes, gradually increases to 10.5 Hz for the next 5 minutes and remains at this value for 5 minutes. At the end of the session, the base frequency gradually increases to a frequency of 12 Hz for 10 minutes and is maintained at this value for the last 5 minutes. The patient ends the session in a state of active wakefulness.

In total, 10 neurotherapy sessions were performed (frequency - 3 sessions per week). Starting from the 3rd session, the patient began to notice an improvement in mood, normalization of sleep, increased psychomotor activity. Indicators of the level of depression on the BDI scale clearly indicate positive clinical dynamics: before the course of neurotherapy - 27 points, after the course - 7 points. The course of neurotherapy also led to an optimization of the immune status, which consisted in increasing the total number of lymphocytes: T-lymphocytes (CD3), T-helpers (CD4), cytotoxic killers (CD8) and natural killers (CD16) (Table 7).

Table 7
Indicators of cellular immunity (number of cells) Before a course of neurotherapy After 10 sessions of neurotherapy Cd3 63 66 Cd4 41 42 Cd8 32 36 CD16 7 10 HLA-DR 13 fourteen

To implement the method, a device was used, which was developed on the basis of the Sensorium device commercially available from Innersense (USA) for audio, visual, and vibrotactile stimulation. The device is additionally equipped with a programmable base frequency generator, a frequency shaper and controlled frequency filters.

Thus, as can be seen from the presented examples 1-3, the inventive method allows with high efficiency to carry out the correction of the psychoemotional, neurohormonal and immune statuses of a person.

Information sources

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Claims (4)

1. The method of non-pharmacological correction of psychoemotional, neurohormonal and immune statuses of a person, which consists in the simultaneous use of light, sound and vibrotactile effects on a person, characterized in that they use rhythmic coherent light, sound and vibrotactile effects formed in the functional frequency ranges of bioelectric activity of the human brain while coherently connected light, sound and vibrotactile effects are based on a harmonic network of vibrations formed from the base frequency by its multiplication, moreover, the light effect is carried out at the base frequency, and the sound and vibro-tactile effects at the base frequency and / or its harmonics. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimization of these statuses is carried out by presenting sensory actions in the dynamic control mode of the values of the base frequency of rhythmic stimuli of constant and / or variable intensity during the exposure session. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the optimization of these statuses is carried out, focusing on the subjective feelings of the individual and / or data of objective methods for assessing his condition. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the light exposure is carried out on the visual analyzer, sound - on the auditory, and vibration - on the human body, including his trunk and limbs.