RU2313920C1 - Image generation method and device for realization of the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of hardware for personal computers and television, possible use in personal computer monitors and television receivers.

SUBSTANCE: in the method for creating an image on the screen, accumulation of previous frame codes is performed by three frame code accumulators, synchronous output of all codes in parallel form to "code - radiation duration" transformers and enabling of all elements by control signals from transformers for radiation with durations proportional to value of each code. Device for realization of the method is a digital monitor which contains flat-panel screen, introduced to which are three channels of color signals, each one of which includes accumulator of frame codes and block for generating control signals, light channel of each emitting cell contains a light luminescence diode and color filter, control input of each light diode is connected to output of block for generating control signals, and the screen has a number of recesses equal to number of emitting cells, in which those emitting cells are positioned.

EFFECT: creation of image on the screen without horizontal scanning.

2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the hardware of a personal computer / PC / and television, can be used in PC monitors and in television receivers.

A prototype of the method adopted the existing method of image formation on the monitor screen [1, p. 456], which consists in sequential scanning lines of the raster along a zigzag path from the upper left corner of the frame to the lower right. When scanning a raster line, there is a single alternate reproduction of short-term / at 0.04 μs [2, p.131] / image elements of the line. The image of the frame is presented in the form of rapidly changing small elements of the image line and consists of all the once reproduced image elements of all lines. And due to the memory property of the visual apparatus and the phenomenon of the necessary multiple after the glow of the screen or matrix element, the viewer perceives the image of the frame on the screen as a whole. The disadvantage of the prototype is that the formation of a frame from a sequence of short and small images of line elements reduces the completeness of the viewer's perception of the brightness and saturation of colors and the clarity of the details of the color image generated on the monitor screen.

A prototype device for imaging a frame adopted a liquid crystal LCD monitor using active LCD technology / TFT screen / [1, p. 476-477], containing [3, p. 488-490] amplifier block, ADC, DAC, processor, located on the main board of the monitor, controller, flat-panel LCD screen and backlight. Each element of the LCD matrix is formed by three thin-film transistors and a triad of LCD cells controlled by them [1, p. 477]. Each cell represents an electronically controlled color filter of one of the primary colors R, G, B. LCD cells do not generate light, but only control the intensity of the light passing through them from the backlight. The principle of operation is based on the effect of a light wave. In the absence of an external electric field, the LCD cell passes almost the entire stream of light from the backlight through itself. And when voltage is applied to the cell substrates, the molecules of the substance in the cell are parallel to the electric field lines: the plane of polarization of light does not coincide with the plane of polarization of the analyzer, the LCD cell becomes less transparent. To obtain a color image, each LCD cell in the triad is equipped with one of the color filters R, G, B. The triad of LCD cells gives an image of one color pixel. The resolution of a flat panel LCD screen corresponds to the number of triads of LCD cells in the matrix. The size of the LCD cell is 0.28 × 0.28 mm [3, p. 490], the size of the triad-element of the matrix, respectively, 0.75 × 0.28 mm [3, p. 489 fig.]. The formation and supply of a control signal from a PC video adapter to each LCD cell of the screen is a difficult task [1, p. 477]. To solve it, the monitor includes an LCD screen controller that synchronizes the frequency and phase of the signals from the PC video adapter with the signals that control the scan of the image in rows and columns in the LCD screen. The controller deals with the maintenance of rows and columns of the matrix. The disadvantages of the prototype LCD monitor: the presence of horizontal scanning sequentially on the LCD matrix / LCD cells / rows, the high inertia of the response of the cells to the control signal [4, p. 357, 360], “not enough black” black on the screen / cannot be achieved complete locking of cells from the light of backlight lamps / [5, p. 33], the inability to precisely control the position of the liquid crystal according to the signal code value distorts the color rendering of the image [6, p. 145], small viewing angles [3, p. 490].

The purpose of the invention is the exclusion of the horizontal scanning operation when forming an image on the screen. The technical result is the construction of an image on the screen without horizontal scanning and the perception of the image with vision for the duration of the entire frame period. The result is achieved by concentrating all the codes of the previous frame by three blocks of the frame accumulator / R, G, B /, synchronously issuing all the frame codes in parallel form to the “code - radiation duration” converters and synchronously emitting all the emitting cells of the screen during the frame period. The emitters in each element of the matrix are three white LEDs, respectively equipped with one of the primary color filters.

The inventive method of forming an image on a flat panel screen includes sequentially performed operations according to the scheme in figure 1:

1. accumulation of codes of the three primary colors of the previous frame by three drives of frame codes;

2. synchronous issuance of three codes of the frame codes of all codes in parallel form to their converters "code - radiation duration", which by the number of simultaneously issued codes;

3. the inclusion of control signals from the converters "code - the duration of the radiation" of all elements of the matrixes of a flat panel screen to radiation with a duration proportional to the value of the code.

The essence of the proposed method is that in the image-forming method that implements the frame image on a flat-panel screen, the codes of the three primary colors of the previous frame are pre-accumulated by three drive codes of the frame, and the synchronous output from the drive codes of the frame codes of all codes in parallel form to their code converters - radiation duration ”, which by the number of simultaneously issued codes, and the inclusion of control signals from the converters“ code - radiation duration ”of all elements Comrade matrix to radiation with a duration proportional to the magnitude of each code.

The color rendition from each matrix element is determined by the set of durations / duty cycles / radiations of each of its three emitters, and the brightness of the radiation of each of the emitters-LEDs is proportional to the value of the color signal code.

The block diagram of the digital monitor in figure 2, the drive code frame in figure 3, the register block in figure 4 and 5, the emitting cell in figure 6, the composition of the matrix element and its shape in figure 7, the location of the matrix elements in the screen on Fig, the block generating control signals in Fig.9. The digital monitor reproduces from the video adapter of the PC / or the receiving part of the TV / video mode 1920 × 1080 × 100 Hz. Sampling rate is:

f _d = 1920 × 1080 × 100 Hz = 207.36 MHz,

.where: 1920 is the number of samples per line, 1080 is the number of lines in a frame, 100 Hz is the frame rate. Line frequency: f _s = 1080 × 100 = 108 kHz. Frame Duration:

.

The essence of the invention is that in a digital monitor containing a flat panel screen of matrix elements according to the number of frame resolutions, each of which includes three cells containing color filters R, G, B, three color signal channels are introduced, each of which includes a drive connected in series frame codes and a control signal generating unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of a flat panel screen, each cell of the matrix element is a radiating cell, the light channel of which is sequentially p the underlying white LED and the color filter, the emitting cells in the matrix element form a triangle, the control input of the LED is connected to the corresponding output of the control signal generation unit, the screen glass has recesses in the number of emitting cells, in which the emitting cells are located.

The digital monitor includes / Fig. 2/ three identical channels of color signals R, G, B, each of which includes a drive 1 of frame codes and a block 2 for generating control signals, the outputs of blocks 2 are connected to the inputs of the flat panel screen 3. Block 2 consists of converters "code - radiation duration", which by the number of resolutions in the frame 2073600/1920 × 1080 /. The drives 1 frame codes are identical / 3 /, each includes blocks of 4 registers by the number of lines in frame 4 _1-1080 .

The information input of the drive 1 frame codes are bitwise integrated 1-8 inputs of the block 4 registers. The control inputs are: the first is the first control input U _to / 100 Hz / block 4, the second is the combined second control inputs U _vy / 108 kHz / blocks 4, the third are the combined third control inputs U _d / 207.36 MHz / blocks 4 registers . Each control output of the previous block of 4 registers is the first control input of each subsequent block 4. The control output of the last block of _4,108 registers is connected in parallel to the fourth control inputs of all blocks of 4 registers. The first, second, third control inputs of the monitor are the combined first, second and third control inputs of the drives 1 frame codes, the first, second, third information inputs of the digital monitor are the information inputs of the drives 1 frame codes, respectively, of the first, second and third channels of color signals. The blocks of 4 registers are identical / Fig. 4 and 5 /, each includes the first 5, second 6 keys, a distributor of 7 pulses and eight registers 8 _1-8 . The information input of block 4 is the bitwise combined third inputs of bits of eight registers 8. The outputs of block 4 of registers are the parallel outputs of all bits of eight registers 8, from each block 4 there are a total of 15,360 outputs / 1020 × 8 /. The control inputs are: first - the first 100 Hz control input of the first key 5; second - signal input U _vyd second key 6, the third - the input signal U _g of the first switch, the fourth - the first control input of the second key 6 connected to the control output of the last block in April ₁₀₈₀ registers. The last output / 1920 / of the 7 pulse distributor is connected to the second control input of the key 5 and is the control output of block 4 ₁ to the next block 4 ₂ , where it is connected to the first control input of the key 5. The output of the first key 5 is connected to the input of the pulse distributor 7, the outputs of which sequentially from the first to the last connected to the first control input bits in parallel to eight registers 8 _1-8 . The output of the second key 6 is connected in parallel to the second control inputs of all bits of the registers 8.

, коду 00000010 - длительность излучения в два импульса 78,5 мкс, коду 00000011 - три импульса 117 мкс и т.д., коду 11111110 - 254 импульса 9958 мкс и коду 11111111 - соответствует длительность в 255 импульсов 9997 мкс. Инерционность срабатывания светодиодов 9 много меньше 1 мкс [8, с.9]. По окончании кодов блоками 1 сигнал U_выд /100 Гц/ открывает /фиг.9/ все первые ключи 13 в блоке 2. Коды кадра каждого цветового сигнала синхронно и в параллельном виде поступают на информационные 1-8 входы вычитающих счетчиков 14 импульсов. Открытые ключи 13 пропускают импульсы 25,51 кГц с генератора 12 на счетные входы счетчиков 14. Сигнал U_выд /100 Гц/ открывает и все ключи 16. Напряжение питания, например 3 В, через открытые ключи 16 запитывает светодиоды 9 в излучающих ячейках, которые начинают излучение. Процесс вычитания в счетчиках 14 длится до появления в них кода 00000000. С приходом в дешифратор 15 кода из одних нулей он выдает сигнал U_з, закрывающий оба ключа и 13 и 16. Питание светодиода 9 заканчивается, излучение прекращается. Длительность излучения воспринимается как определенный уровень яркости цвета, излучающего светодиодом 9. Излучения светодиодов трех ячеек проходят свои цветные светофильтры 10 и поступают на экранное стекло, формируя изображение цветного пиксела. Скважность излучений всех светодиодов экрана за время периода кадра /10 мс/ формирует яркости цветовых тонов пикселов, в совокупности составляющих изображение кадра на экране 3. Вариант размера светодиодов принимается диаметром 0,4 мм /фиг.7/, размер элемента матрицы /трех ячеек/ составляет 0,8×0,75 мм, толщину плоскопанельного экрана составляют толщина экранного стекла и толщина светодиода и будет до 15 мм. Ширина двух строк /фиг.8/ составляет 1,15 мм. При числе пикселов 2073600 разрешение соответствует формату НДТV: 1920×1080. Размер экрана:Block 2 is designed to form the duration of the radiation of each LED 9 in the emitting cells of the matrix elements, i.e. to power the LEDs for a duration proportional to the values of their color signal codes. Screen 3 represents a combination of 2073600 matrix elements / 1920 × 1080 / and screen glass. Each element of the matrix is made of three emitting cells emitting three primary colors R, G, B. The light channel of the emitting cell is / Fig. 6/ consistently arranged with a white LED 9 and a color filter 10. Radiating cells in the matrix element / Fig. 7 / form a triangle. The location of the emitting cells in the screen glass of the screen 3 in Fig.8. The matrix element of its body does not have. The screen glass for placing the cells has corresponding recesses in which the light channels of the emitting cells are placed. The control input of each LED is connected to the corresponding output in block 2. The principle of operation of the emitting cell is based on a directly proportional dependence of the radiation duration of LED 9 on the value of the color signal code. Brightness levels are perceived by vision according to the duration of the LED emissions during the frame period, i.e. duty cycle [7, p.27]: the ratio of the time when the LED emits to the time when it does not emit in the same frame period. The total radiation of the three LEDs / R, G, B / matrix forms a pixel image, perceived by vision as the brightness of a certain color tone. The color radiation of each LED of each cell is involved in the color rendition not only of the pixel of its matrix element, but also adjacent to it / to the right, left, top, bottom / emitting cells. This contributes to the analogue color reproduction of the image of the entire image of the frame as a whole and further approximates the reliability of color reproduction to the original in all respects: brightness, saturation and clarity. The control signal generation blocks 2 are identical, each includes a power supply 11 / power supply 11, a pulse generator 12, and first through 2073600 code-to-radiation-time converters, which are identical and each includes a first key 13 connected in series, subtracting counter 14 pulses, decoder 15 and the second key 16. The initial state of the keys 13 and 16 is closed. The pulse generator 12 generates 13 pulses with a frequency of 25.51 kHz to the signal inputs of the keys. The code-to-radiation-time converters work identically. With a frame duration of 10 ms / 100 Hz / code 00000001 corresponds to the duration of the emission of LED 9 in a single pulse of 39.26 μs

, code 00000010 - the duration of radiation in two pulses is 78.5 μs, code 00000011 - three pulses of 117 μs, etc., code 11111110 - 254 pulses of 9958 μs and code 11111111 - corresponds to a duration of 255 pulses of 9997 μs. The inertia of the operation of LEDs 9 is much less than 1 μs [8, p. 9]. At the end of the codes in blocks 1, the signal U _vyd / 100 Hz / opens / Fig.9/ all the first keys 13 in block 2. The frame codes of each color signal are synchronously and in parallel to the information 1-8 inputs of the subtracting counters 14 pulses. Public keys 13 25.51 kHz pulses is passed from the generator 12 to counting inputs of counters 14. The signal U _vyd / 100 Hz / unlock all keys 16. The supply voltage, for example 3 V, through the open key 16 powers the LED's 9 emit in cells that start radiation. The process of subtraction in the counters 14 lasts until the code 00000000 appears in them. When the code comes to the decoder 15 from one zeros, it gives a signal U _s , closing both keys and 13 and 16. The power of the LED 9 ends, the radiation stops. The radiation duration is perceived as a certain level of brightness of the color emitted by the LED 9. The LED emissions of the three cells pass through their color filters 10 and enter the screen glass, forming an image of a color pixel. The emissivity of all the LEDs on the screen during the frame period / 10 ms / forms the brightness of the color tones of the pixels that together make up the image on the screen 3. The size of the LEDs is taken as a diameter of 0.4 mm / 7 /, the size of the matrix element / three cells / is 0.8 × 0.75 mm, the thickness of the flat panel screen is the thickness of the screen glass and the thickness of the LED and will be up to 15 mm. The width of the two lines / Fig. 8/ is 1.15 mm. When the number of pixels is 2073600, the resolution corresponds to the NTDV format: 1920 × 1080. Screen size:

horizontal 1920 × 0.8 mm = 1536 mm,

vertical 1080 × 0.6 mm = 648 mm, diagonal 1667 mm, 65 ''.

As a white LED 10, a superbright LED is adopted, for example, L-53MWC from Kingbright [9, p. 45] with a light intensity of 3 cd. The maximum brightness of the LED is:

,

,

where: 3 cd is the light intensity of the LED, 0.16 mm ² is the radiation area of the LED. Given the loss of radiation and 80%, the brightness of the image on the screen will be quite high.

The work of a digital monitor.

Codes of color signals from the digital outputs of the DVI of the PC video adapter are received in parallel to the information inputs of the three drives 1 frame codes. From the corresponding outputs of the PC video adapter to the first, second, third control inputs of the drives 1 frame codes, clock pulses of the frame frequency U _k / 100 Hz /, line frequencies U _c / 108 kHz / and sampling frequency U _d / 207.36 MHz / are received. During the first frame, registers 8 in blocks 4/4 / are filled with codes of the first frame. Each block 4 focuses the codes of one line, so there are 1080 pieces in blocks 1. During the frame period, in each block 1, 2073600 codes are accumulated. The control pulse arriving at the fourth control inputs of blocks 4 gives out codes synchronously and in parallel to blocks 2 and resets the bits of registers 8 to receive codes for the next frame. The filling of the registers with codes begins with the opening of pulses U _{to the} first key 5. The clock pulses from block 7 are fed sequentially to the first control inputs of the bits of eight registers 8. The signals of the first bits of the codes go to the bits of the first register 8 ₁ , the second bits of codes in the bits of the second register 8 ₂ etc. When register 8 is filled from the last output of block 7, the signal closes key 5 and, as a control output signal, opens key 5 in block 4 ₂ . Thus, during the frame time, registers 8 of all blocks of 4 registers are filled. The output signal from block April ₁₀₈₀ opens the second switch 6 in units U 4. _vyd signal outputs from all four blocks of the frame codes to blocks 2. Simultaneously imaging of all pixels on the screen resolution of the frame 3 eliminates the need for line scan and uniformity in the blocks used 1 and 2 electronic circuits allows you to execute them in the form of microcircuits. The inventive method allows you to form an image of the frame without the horizontal scanning process, and the application of the proposed emitting cells and converters to them "code - duration of radiation" perform a transition in the construction of the image on the screen from discrete to almost analog, as in the nature of human vision.

Information sources

1. Kolesnichenko OV, Shishigin I.V. PC hardware. 5th ed., St. Petersburg, 2004, p. 456, 476-477, prototype.

2. V.V. Pyasetskiy. Color TV in questions and answers. Minsk, 1986, p.131, 21st line from the bottom.

3. Murakhovsky V.I. Computer device. AST-PRESS BOOK, 2003, 488-490, prototype.

4. V. Murakhovsky. Computer hardware. New opportunities. St. Petersburg, Peter, 2005, p. 357, 360.

5. “Home Computer” No. 4, 2006, p. 33, 1 and 2 columns.

6. Encyclopedic reference. Personal Computer. M., 2004, Evseev et al., P. 145.

7. “Home computer” No. 4, 2005, p.27.

8. V.I. Ivanov et al. Semiconductor and optoelectronic devices. Directory. M., 1984, p. 9, 18th line from above.

9. “Radio” No. 2, 2006, p. 45.

Claims (2)

1. An image forming method for constructing an image of a frame on a flat panel screen, characterized in that the codes of the three primary colors of the previous frame are sequentially accumulated by three frame code drives, and the synchronous generation of all codes in parallel form from the frame code drives in their code-to-duration converters radiation ", which by the number of simultaneously issued codes, and the inclusion of control signals from the converters" code - radiation duration "of all cells of the matrix elements are flat kopanelnogo screen to radiation with a duration proportional to the magnitude of each code. 2. The device for implementing the method is a digital monitor comprising a flat-panel screen containing screen glass and matrix elements according to the number of frame resolutions, each matrix element includes three cells, each of which contains a color filter from the primary colors R, G, B, characterized in that three channels of color signals R, G, B are introduced into it, each of which includes a series-connected drive of frame codes and a block for generating control signals, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of a flat-panel screen, first, w The second, third information inputs of the digital monitor are the information inputs of the frame code drive of each color signal channel connected to the corresponding information (digital) outputs of the video adapter of a personal computer (PC), the first, second, third control inputs of the digital monitor are the combined first, second, third control inputs of frame code drives connected respectively to the first, second and third control outputs of a PC video adapter, code drives to The cores are identical, each includes register blocks by the number of lines in the frame, the information input of the frame code storage device is the bitwise combined inputs of the register blocks, the first control input is the first control input of the first register block, the second is the combined second control inputs of the register blocks, the third is the combined third control inputs of register blocks, each control output of the previous block of registers is the first control input of the next block of registers, the control output of the last b the register lock is connected in parallel to the fourth control inputs of all register blocks, and the outputs of the frame code storage are the outputs of all register blocks, the register blocks are identical, each includes the first and second keys, a pulse distributor and eight registers, the information 1-8 inputs of the register block are bitwise combined the third inputs of the bits of eight registers, the outputs of all the bits of eight registers are parallel outputs of the register block, the first control input of the register block is the first the control input of the first key, the second is the signal input of the second key, the third is the signal input of the first key, the fourth is the first control input of the second key connected to the control output of the last block of registers, the output of the first key is connected to the input of the pulse distributor, the outputs of which are sequentially from the first to the latter is connected to the first control inputs of the bits in parallel to eight registers, the last output is also connected to the second control input of the first key and is the control output of the reg strov, the output of the second key is connected in parallel to the second control inputs of all bits of the eight registers and to the second control input of the key, the control signal generation blocks are identical, each contains a power source, a pulse generator and code-to-radiation duration converters in terms of frame (screen) resolution which are identical and each includes series-connected the first key, subtracting the pulse counter, decoder and second key, the information inputs of the control signal generation unit are information inputs of all subtracting pulse counters, control input, combined first control inputs of the first and second keys of all code-to-radiation converters, connected to the first control input of a digital monitor, the outputs of the control signal generation block are the outputs of the second keys of all code-to-converter converters radiation ", the signal inputs of which are combined and connected to the output of the power source, the signal inputs of the first keys are combined and connected to the output of the generator pulse generator, in each code-to-radiation-duration converter, the output of the first key is connected to the counting input of the subtracting pulse counter, the decoder output is connected in parallel to the second control inputs of the first and second keys, the cells of the elements of the matrix of a flat-panel screen are emitting cells, in each of which a white LED, the light channel of the emitting cell are sequentially arranged white LED and a color filter, emitting cells in the matrix element form a triangle, the control input of each LED white light is connected to the output unit for generating control signals OSD glass has a recess on the number of emitting cells, and wherein emitting cells are arranged.

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