RU2313493C1 - Device for purification of the oily waste waters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil-producing industry; agriculture; other industries; device for purification of the oily waste waters of the oil fields.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the equipment intended for purification of the oil-polluted waste waters of the oil fields and may be used in other industries, for example, in agriculture etc., which waste waters contain the oil and oil products. The device contains hydrocyclones, on the outlets of the upper and lower drains of which there are the cylindrical chambers with the pressure-tight tubular rings. The rings are joined by the pipeline-jumper)with two slide valves. The waste water feeding pipeline is connected to the jumper by the by-pass pipeline having the screw-type channel inclined to the pipeline axis. The additional pipelines are supplied with the slide valves. The technical result of the invention consists in the increased reliability of the device operation, the capability of disconnection and actuation of the group of the hydrocyclones with the cylindrical chambers of the upper and lower drains without the complete disconnection of the device.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased reliability of the device operation, the capability of disconnection and actuation of the group of the hydrocyclones with the cylindrical chambers of the upper and lower drains without the complete disconnection of the device.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for cleaning oily wastewater from oil fields and can be used in other industries, such as agriculture, etc., the wastewater of which contains oil and oil products.

A device for purifying oily wastewater according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2189360, publ. 09/20/2002, bull. No. 26, including a pipeline for supplying source water, a pressure hydrocyclone, cylindrical chambers of an upper discharge and a lower discharge of a hydrocyclone. In the upper part of the working zone of the sump, there are water distribution devices from the upper discharge and the lower discharge of the hydrocyclone, into which water flows from the cylindrical chambers. The sump has dividing walls dividing the sump into the working and buffer zones. In the upper part of the sump are oil collectors with pipes for oil drainage. A device for removing purified water with a chipper is located in the buffer zone of the sump. In the lower part of the sump there are pipes for sediment discharge. A layer of oil forms in the upper part of the sump.

The disadvantage of this device is its low degree of reliability due to the need to completely shut off the device (apparatus) from operation with a complete disruption of its normal operation during repair or maintenance work, as well as in emergency situations associated with the need to turn off hydrocyclones or cylindrical chambers, i.e. groups (batteries) or individual hydrocyclones, cylindrical chambers.

In addition, when disconnecting, additional time is required to stop and start the device, entering it in the optimal operating mode, which also reduces the cleaning effect.

A device for the purification of oily wastewater according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2248327, publ. March 20, 2005, Byul. No. 8, including a hydrocyclone with nozzles for supplying initial water, an outlet for the upper drain and a drain for the lower drain, a sump equipped with vertical partitions not reaching the upper and lower parts of the sump, a pipe for the drain of the upper drain of the hydrocyclone is tangentially attached to the cylindrical chamber of the lower drain of the hydrocyclone in the direction of the swirl flow in the chamber and at a distance equal to 1.0-1.1 of the diameter of the chamber from its front end.

The sump has distribution devices, an oil collector, and devices for discharging treated water, oil, and sludge.

The disadvantage of this device is also its low degree of reliability due to the need to completely shut off the device (apparatus) from operation with a complete disruption of its normal operation during repair and maintenance work and emergency operations related to the need to turn off hydrocyclones or cylindrical chambers (or a group of hydrocyclones and cameras) if necessary, replace them.

At the same time, it also takes time to stop and start the installation, enter it into the optimal operating mode, which also reduces the cleaning effect.

The prototype of the invention is a device for the purification of oily wastewater according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2253623, publ. 06/10/2005, bull. No. 16, including a hydrocyclone with feed water through a pressure pipe distribution rings, cylindrical chambers at the outlet of the upper and lower discharge of a hydrocyclone equipped with pressure pipe rings, a sump separated by vertical partitions into a working and buffer sections, distribution devices, pipes are located in the working section of the sump for the removal of oil, purified water, the sump is equipped with a tubular collector for collecting and removing sludge, and above the collector there are tubular manifolds equipped with nozzles; the space between the vertical partitions is equipped with a hydrodynamic hydrophobic filter load; the buffer section of the sump is equipped with a tubular arched equal-shouldered hole collector and an arched chipper.

The disadvantage of this device is its low degree of reliability due to the need to completely disconnect the device (apparatus) from operation with a complete violation of its normal operation during repair or maintenance work, as well as in emergency situations associated with the need to turn off hydrocyclones or cylindrical chambers, i.e. groups (batteries) or individual hydrocyclones, cylindrical chambers of the battery.

In addition, when disconnecting, additional time is required to stop and start the device, enter it in the optimal operating mode, which also reduces the cleaning effect, in general, material, labor, time and energy costs also increase.

The invention is aimed at improving the reliability of the device (installation, apparatus), the effect of purification of oily wastewater by improving the design, flow diagram, supply, regulation, shutdown and inclusion in the work of the group (battery) of hydrocyclones with cylindrical chambers of the upper and lower drains of hydrocyclones without a complete shutdown devices (installations, apparatus) from work.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed device, including hydrocyclones with feed water through pressure tubular distribution rings, cylindrical chambers at the outlet of the upper and lower discharge of hydrocyclones, equipped with pressure tubular rings, a sump separated by vertical partitions into a working and buffer section, the lower part of the sump in the center is equipped with a device for removing sediment, the space between the partitions is equipped with a hydrodynamic coarse-grained hydrophobic filter by loading, the working section of the sump has tubular hole collectors-distributors of the lower and upper discharges of hydrocyclones located respectively one above the other, the buffer section of the sump is equipped with a tubular arc-shaped equal-shoulder hole collector and an arc-shaped chipper, according to the invention is equipped with a jumper pipe connecting from the pipelines rings of the upper and lower discharges, as well as a bypass pipe connecting the supply pipe of the original oil-containing waste water s barred, the jumper conduit is provided with two valves, mounted on both sides of the connection point of the loop to the bridge; pipelines that discharge water from the upper and lower drains are equipped with valves installed up to the point of their connection to the jumper pipeline; the source water supply pipeline is equipped with shut-off and control valves installed between the pressure ring of the source water distribution and the connection point of the bypass pipeline to the source water supply pipe; the bypass pipeline is equipped with a means for swirling the flow of the source water, which is made in the form of a helical channel inclined to the axis of the bypass pipe, the channel being made with a width and a step that gradually decreases along the direction of flow of the source water, and is formed by a guide rigidly and hermetically fixed on the inner surface of the bypass pipe.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for the treatment of oily wastewater. Figure 2 shows the node And: a General view of the means of swirling the flow of the helical channel.

The device consists of a pipe 1 for supplying the initial oil-containing wastewater (NSW), a pressure pipe distribution ring 2 connected with hydrocyclones 3 (at least two hydrocyclones), supply pipes 4 for the initial NSW, the discharge of the upper drain 5 and the discharge of the lower drain 6. Pressure ring 2 serves to evenly distribute water among the hydrocyclones 3. The hydrocyclones 3 are equipped with cylindrical chambers of the upper drain 7 and the lower drain 8. The chambers of the upper drain 7 are equipped with a pressure tubular collection ring 9. The chambers of the lower drain 8 are equipped us discharge tubular collecting ring 10. Pressure ring 9 and 10 serve to evenly collect water from the chambers 7 and 8, respectively.

The sump 11 is equipped with a hydrodynamic coalescing nozzle 12 with a granular coarse filter media from a hydrophobic (e.g., polyethylene) material. The coalescing nozzle 12 is located between the partition 13, not reaching the bottom of the sump 11, and the partition 14, not reaching the top of the sump 11. Partitions 13 and 14 divide the sump 11 into two sections: 15 - the working section and 16 - the buffer section. The hydrodynamic nozzle (filter) 12 serves to intensify the most complete coalescence (enlargement) of oil droplets, which helps to intensify and increase the depth of the subsequent purification of the NSW by settling. Section 16 serves for additional purification of water by settling. In the upper part of the working section 15 of the sump 11 are located: a perforated tubular distributor 17 for NSW coming from the cylindrical chambers of the upper discharge 7 of hydrocyclones 3, and a perforated tubular distributor 18 for NSW from the chambers of the lower drain of 8 hydrocyclones 3. Distributors 17 and 18 are made in the form of collectors 19 with branches 20, in the upper part of which are staggered at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis of the branch, the outlet openings are located with the direction of the NSW flowing outward.

The upper drain distributor 17 is located under the lower drain distributor 18, while the distributor 17 is placed with its upper plane at the level of the “water - highly concentrated emulsion” phase boundary (ie, at the boundary of the turbulent mixing zone 21 and transport zone 22), and the distributor 18 is the upper its plane is placed at the level of the phase boundary "oil - highly concentrated emulsion" (ie, at the boundary of the accumulated oil accumulation zone 23 and the turbulent mixing zone 21) (Fig. 1).

In the lower part in the middle of the sump 11 along the axis there is a tubular prefabricated hole-type sludge removal system, which is a pressure manifold 24 with holes staggered at the bottom of the collector and at an angle of not more than 30 ° to the vertical axis of the collector 24. Above and on both sides of the collector 24 there is a flushing system 25 of accumulated sludge from the bottom of the sump 11, which is made in the form of symmetrically located pressure equal-arm telescopic manifolds 25 with nozzles 26, e.g. facing the prefabricated hole system — the manifold pipe 24. Nozzles 26 are mounted perpendicular to the telescopic manifolds 25 and directed toward the tubular hole collector 24, with the axis of each nozzle coinciding with the perpendicular line connecting the center of the circumference of the nozzle 26 at the installation site to the telescopic collector 25 with the point of intersection of this line with the axis of the tubular hole collector 24.

In the lower part of the buffer section 16 of the sump 11, a tubular prefabricated hole system 24 and a flushing system 27 with nozzles 28 similar in design to those described above are also located.

In the upper part of the sump 11 are oil collectors 29 with pipes 30 for draining the trapped oil.

To collect and remove purified water, the buffer section 16 of the sump 11 is equipped with an arcuate equal-arm tubular hole collector 31 and an arcuate chipper 32.

The collector 31 and the chimney 32 provide uniform collection of purified water over the living section of the buffer section 16 of the settler 11, while the chimney 32 also contributes to the quenching of bottom flows, fixing in the buffer section 16 volumes of additional sedimentation and sediment accumulation.

The supply pipe 1 of the initial NSW is equipped with a valve 33, which provides shutdown from operation or inclusion in operation of a group (battery) of hydrocyclones 3, cylindrical chambers of swirling flow 7 and 8, or the device as a whole.

The pipe 34 serves to drain the upper drain water from the pressure ring 9 to the distributors 17. The pipe 35 serves to drain the lower drain water from the pressure ring 10 to the distributor 18. The pipes 34 and 35 are equipped with shut-off valves 36 and 37, respectively. The device is also equipped with a bypass pipe 38 and the jumper pipe 39. The bypass pipe 38 is connected at point I with the supply pipe 1 of the source NSV and with the jumper pipe 39 at point II. The jumper pipe 39 connects the pipes 34 and 35 at points III and IV, respectively, and is equipped with shut-off valves 40 and 41.

The bypass pipe 38 is equipped with a means of swirling the flow of the original oil-containing wastewater (figure 1, node "A"), which is made in the form of a screw channel 42, inclined to the axis 43 of the bypass pipe 38. The channel 42 is made with a width α _i and step n _i , gradually decreasing along the direction of flow of the source water stream 44, and formed by a guide rigidly, hermetically fixed to the inner surface of the bypass pipe 38.

Latches 33, 36, 37, 40, 41 are used to disconnect from work and turn on the battery of hydrocyclones 3, cylindrical chambers 7 and 8 during repair, prevention and liquidation of an accident on them.

The device operates as follows. Wastewater (NSW), containing floating and emulsified oil and mechanical impurities, is piped under pressure 1 through a pressure tube distribution ring 2 to hydrocyclones 3 (at least two hydrocyclones). In hydrocyclones 3, the NSW is hydrodynamically processed in the field of centrifugal, mass, and surface forces, as a result of which the armor shells on the particles (drops, globules) of oil and aggregates from mechanical impurities are destroyed, oil droplets become larger, the monodispersity of the internal oil phase of the emulsion increases, and also the NSW is divided into two emulsion flows: the flow from the upper discharge 5 of hydrocyclones 3 enters the cylindrical chambers 7, and the flow from the lower discharge 6 into the cylindrical chambers 8. Pot the emulsion flows into the cylindrical chambers 7 and 8 in the form of swirling jets, while increasing the hydrodynamic processing of the emulsion in a swirling field of mass and surface forces, the energy of which is used for the most complete implementation of all stages of the mechanism of destruction of oil emulsions (deformation and destruction of armor shells on oil globules; rapprochement, collision of drops; merging and coarsening (coalescence) of drops; concentration, precipitation of drops; separation of the dispersed phase in the form of a continuous phase — separation, separation of the emulsion into oil and water) and, as a result, the efficiency of NSW purification increases. Then, from the cylindrical chambers 7, the emulsion flow enters the pressure tube assembly ring 9, and then through the pipe 34 to the distributor 17 and from it in the form of a uniformly distributed flow into the layer of highly concentrated oil emulsion (i.e., into the turbulent mixing zone 21), where intense coalescence of oil droplets takes place, enlarged oil droplets transfer to the trapped oil layer 23, and contact cleaning of the LEL from oil. The emulsion flow from the cylindrical chambers 8 enters the pressure tube assembly ring 10 and then through the pipe 35 to the distributor 18, and from it in the form of a uniformly distributed flow directly to the lower surface of the oil layer, i.e. into the turbulent mixing zone 21. The streams leaving the distributors 17 and 18 are intensively mixed in the layers of highly concentrated oil 21 and oil 23, which also increases the efficiency of contact cleaning of the NSW. In this case, in the highly concentrated emulsion layer 21 in the turbulent mixing mode, intense coalescence of oil droplets takes place, their transition into the trapped oil layer 23. The trapped oil is discharged through the oil collectors 29 and nozzles 30 as it accumulates.

To remove the accumulated sludge from the bottom of the sump 11, water is pumped under pressure 45 through the pipe 45 under pressure, which, flowing out of the nozzles 26, flushes the sludge to the collecting hole system 24, then the washed-out sludge is discharged through the pipe 46 to the sedimentation tank.

Fine particles of oil, carried out by the water flow of the transport zone 22 from the working section 15, coarsen in the layer of coalescing charge 12, float and accumulate in the upper part in the buffer section 16, and then are removed through the oil reservoir 29 and pipe 30.

The purified water is removed from the buffer section 16 through the collector 31, the chipper 32 and the pipe 47.

For repair, prevention, liquidation of accidents, replacement of individual elements, units in the battery of hydrocyclones 3, cylindrical chambers 7 and 8, distribution 2 and prefabricated 9 and 10 pressure rings, etc. close the valves 33, 36, 37, open the valves 40 and 41. The initial NSW under pressure from the supply pipe 1 enters the swirling narrowing channel 42 (Fig.2), flooded jets are formed, tangent to the inner surface of the bypass pipe, in the channel as a whole a stable swirling highly turbulent flow with an ever-increasing speed of rotation and swirl, and at the exit from the chamber 42 at some distance l, a region of attenuation 48 of the swirling flow and a transition region 49 to the axial potential flow 50 are formed. All it increases the range of a swirling flow, an increase in the processing time of the hydrodynamic volume of the PDR in a swirling flow and, consequently, weaken, destruction armoring shells oil globules them closer together, increasing the frequency of collision and coalescence.

At the same time, part of the initial NSW through the bypass pipe 38, the jumper pipe 39, the pipe 34 through the open valve 40 enters the distributor 17 and from it in the form of a uniformly distributed flow into the layer of highly concentrated oil emulsion (i.e., into the turbulent mixing zone 21) , where coalescence of oil droplets occurs, the transition of coarse oil droplets into the trapped oil layer 23 and contact cleaning of the NSW from oil.

Another part of the initial NSW through the jumper 39 through an open valve 41 through the pipeline 35 enters the distributor 18, and from it in the form of a uniformly distributed flow directly to the lower surface of the oil layer 23, i.e. in the turbulent mixing zone 21. The streams leaving the distributor 17 and 18 are intensively mixed in the layers of highly concentrated oil 21 and oil 23, which increases the efficiency of contact cleaning of the NSW. At the same time, in the highly concentrated emulsion layer 21, in the turbulent mixing mode, intense coalescence of oil droplets takes place, their transition into the trapped oil layer 23. Further purification of the NSW, removal of purified water, trapped oil and sediment occurs similarly to the above.

Thus, in the above modes of installation and preventive measures, emergency shutdowns of the battery of hydrocyclones 3, chambers 7 and 8, distribution 2 and prefabricated rings 9 and 10, etc. the device does not stop working.

To return the device to its normal design mode of operation, the valves 33, 36 and 37 are opened and the valves 40 and 41 are closed and the device starts to work again according to the above scheme.

The advantages of the proposed device are high reliability, high cleaning effect and high specific productivity; complex hydrodynamic treatment of NSW combined with intensive contact cleaning; uniform distribution of the flow of purified NSW, uniform collection of purified water and sediment; hydrodynamic destruction of the intermediate layer and the exclusion of the formation of this layer, sufficiently complete and quick removal of sludge with the complete exclusion of manual labor and downtime of the installation for cleaning, the ability to remove sludge at any time of the year; the ability to carry out repair, preventive and emergency work without stopping the operation of the device; improving the operating conditions of the NSV purification device; compactness of the device and its high industrial level in manufacturing (unit of full factory manufacturing) and installation.

High cost-effectiveness makes it possible to create and implement an effective technology for purification of the LEL at the lowest material and energy costs.

Claims (1)

A device for the treatment of oily wastewater, including hydrocyclones with feed water through pressure tubular distribution rings, cylindrical chambers at the outlet of the upper and lower discharge of hydrocyclones, equipped with pressure tubular rings, a sump separated by vertical partitions into the working and buffer sections, the lower part of the sump in the center equipped with a device for removing sediment, the space between the partitions is equipped with a hydrodynamic coarse-grained hydrophobic filter load , the working section of the sump has tubular hole collectors-distributors of the lower and upper discharges of hydrocyclones located respectively one above the other, the buffer section of the sump is equipped with a tubular arcuate equal-shouldered hole collector and an arcuate chipper, characterized in that it is equipped with a jumper pipe connecting the pipelines connecting the water from pressure rings of the upper and lower drains, as well as a bypass pipe connecting the supply pipe of the source oily wastewater to with a jumper, while the jumper pipeline is equipped with two gate valves installed on both sides from the point of connection of the bypass pipeline to the jumper; pipelines that discharge water from the upper and lower drains are equipped with valves installed up to the point of their connection to the jumper pipeline; the source water supply pipeline is equipped with shut-off and control valves installed between the pressure ring of the source water distribution and the connection point of the bypass pipeline to the source water supply pipe; the bypass pipeline is equipped with a means for swirling the flow of the source water, which is made in the form of a helical channel inclined to the axis of the bypass pipe, the channel being made with a width and a step that gradually decreases along the direction of flow of the source water, and is formed by a guide rigidly and hermetically fixed on the inner surface of the bypass pipe.

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