RU2313470C2 - Shipboard transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: smaller and medium shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: according to first version, shipboard transmission consists of inclined propeller shaft with propeller and bracket. Propeller shaft is connected with engine shaft or with intermediate shaft via constant-velocity universal joint, cardan joint or coupling ensuring rotation of shafts at angle relative to each other. Propeller shaft bracket is secured on ship's hull for lifting it. Joint is located under bottom and is closed with fairing. According to second version, joint is located in branch pipe mounted on inner side of bottom and fitted with flange.

EFFECT: extended range of technical means.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and is intended mainly for small and medium-sized vessels.

Known vessels with an inclined shaft / see book "Traveling tourist and sports boats", Juan Baader, "Shipbuilding", Leningrad 1977 /.

Their disadvantage is the susceptibility of the protruding under the bottom of the screw, bracket and steering wheel to damage, difficulty stranding, the inability to go through shallow water. This is especially true for planing vessels and hydrofoils.

The essence of the invention is that the inclined propeller shaft is connected to the engine shaft or to the intermediate shaft through a constant velocity joint, a cardan joint or a coupling that ensures the operation of the shafts at an angle to each other / hereinafter - the “joint” /, and the propeller shaft bracket fixed on the hull with the possibility of lifting up.

In this case, if necessary / and when running aground - spontaneously / a propeller shaft with a screw can be raised to the bottom / especially if the screw is two-bladed / or above the bottom level.

On low-speed / displacement / vessels, the hinge may be under the bottom and closed from damage and to reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the cowl.

On high-speed planing ships, the hinge can be located in the bottom niche and is closed by a casing repeating the contours of the vessel. Or on the inside of the bottom there may be a large diameter pipe (larger than the hinge diameter), which is closed from the inside by a flange with a hole for the shaft.

An intermediate option is also possible - the hinge is half recessed in the bottom, and the protruding half is closed by a fairing.

If the hinge is above the bottom level, then in order for the propeller shaft to rise, there must be a longitudinal groove in the bottom. Two options are possible here: or the propeller shaft in the raised position extends beyond the stern, in which case the longitudinal groove can reach the stern. Or if the propeller shaft passes under the rising portion of the bottom of the displacement vessel and does not reach the stern, then the longitudinal groove may smoothly disappear, but there may be a transverse semicircular groove for the screw, or the longitudinal groove may end with a transverse groove.

There are three options for placing the hinge: outside, on the passage through the hull wall and inside the ship's hull.

1 option. An intermediate shaft that enters the water is fixed in the hull, where the hinge is located.

Option 2. An outer yoke of a constant velocity joint / grenade / with a spherical outer surface is fixed to the propeller shaft, or a cardan joint or sleeve is placed in a glass with a spherical outer surface, and the center of the sphere coincides with the center of the hinge. The hinge is placed in the wall of the niche perpendicular to the propeller shaft in its working position. The sealing cuff is placed on the sphere / at its maximum or smaller diameter, in the latter case there can be two seals /.

3 option. The rowing shaft with the help of a bearing / or two or two-row / is mounted in a rotary axle box having a spherical or cylindrical outer surface, and the axle box can be rotatably fixed in the same plane on the horizontal transverse axis passing through the center of the hinge, or the spherical axle box can be fixed with the possibility of rotation in two planes, for example in a nest with a spherical inner surface. In this case, the axle box can not be fixed from the axial rotation, but can be fixed, for example, with a spike / spikes / on the outer surface of the axle box, which enters the sector slot of the socket.

There are four possible kinematics of the rising hinge.

Option A. The bracket rises in an arc: centered in the center of the hinge and mounted on the propeller shaft freely - with the possibility of axial movement. In this embodiment, two sub-options are possible: either the bracket is mounted on a lever / levers / with a point or axis of rotation coinciding with the center of the hinge, or the bracket is fixed on an arc-shaped pylon / pylons / placed in arcuate guides whose center of arc coincides with the center of the hinge.

In options "B" and "C" the propeller shaft itself is a lever. In these embodiments, the fastening of the propeller shaft in the bracket should exclude its axial movement relative to the bracket.

Option B. The bracket is connected to linear guides or a lever located on the housing through an intermediate element, such as a lever.

Option C. The bracket is connected to the housing through an element that allows two degrees of freedom of movement of the bracket relative to it, for example through the wings.

Option D. The bracket is fixed to the housing in any way that allows it to be lifted, but the propeller shaft is fixed in the bracket with the possibility of axial movement and, possibly, self-orientation.

On a planing vessel on an arm, an anti-cavitation plate may be required.

The steering wheel of the vessel can be located on the bracket or anti-cavitation plate. In this case, the steering drive must provide for the mobility of the bracket, for example, a spring-compensated cable drive, a lever drive, via a telescopic driveshaft, a hydraulic drive, etc.

Or steering wheel / wheels / can be installed on the body. In this case, the steering wheel may be a lifting / dinghy type /, and the lifting of the steering wheel may be associated with the lifting of the bracket.

The ability of the propeller shaft to work at an angle to the drive shaft can be used to rotate the vessel, for which the bracket must be fixed with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane. Such a solution is advisable to use for displacement vessels without a groove in the bottom. If at the same time the rudder (or even better - two) is placed on the bracket and its rotation is tied to the rotation of the bracket in the horizontal plane, then such a vessel will be second only to the wing propeller or water-jet by maneuverability.

If such a solution is applied on a planing vessel, then it is necessary to provide for a blocking of the lifting of the bracket when the propeller shaft is turned / otherwise, when hitting an obstacle, the shaft will not fall into the longitudinal groove /, for example, in the form of a protrusion on the transom on both sides of the longitudinal groove / in the stern itself in this case, it makes sense to do along the arc /.

To prevent the spontaneous lifting of the bracket under the influence of hydrodynamic forces, it can be equipped with a destructible fastening / for example, a cotter pin /, or spring loaded in the downward direction.

The kinematics of raising the bracket can be equipped with a latch with an asymmetric adjustable force for fixing the bracket in the extreme, and, if necessary, in intermediate positions.

Transmission can improve the hydrodynamics of yachts.

The proposed transmission is better than all known / not counting a water cannon / protects the screw from impacts on floating objects and the bottom, because due to the rotation of the screw and the roundness of its input edge, the impact force is directed up and back at an angle of 65-70 degrees to the vertical. And the corner column or outboard motor at the first moment reclines tangentially backward or even backward-downward. In the proposed transmission, the screw leans up and down at an angle of about 75 degrees to the vertical, that is, almost optimally.

The thrust of the screw, although incomplete, remains in the raised position.

The main drawback of the transmission - the presence of a longitudinal groove in the stern of planing vessels - is of little importance in the manufacture of fiberglass vessels by molding, as the groove and niche are molded along with the hull and are lightweight and reliable.

The accompanying drawings depict the proposed transmission - figure 1 is a side view, figure 2 is a rear view, where: 1 - the hull of the vessel, 2 - a niche in the bottom, 3 - a casing covering the niche, 4 - a longitudinal groove in the bottom, 5 - hinge, 6 - propeller shaft with screw, 7 - bracket, 8 - V-shaped streamlined section lever, 9 - guides in the form of a T-groove or profile, 10 - anti-cavitation plate.

The transmission works as follows: in the normal mode, rotation from the hinge 5 through the propeller shaft 6 is transmitted to the propeller. When hitting an obstacle or intentionally, the propeller shaft 6 with the bracket 7 and the lever 8 can be raised up. In this case, the bracket 8 slides along the guides 9, and the propeller shaft enters into the groove 4. In this case, there are no protruding parts under the bottom, and you can continue moving at low speed.

Claims (6)

1. The transmission of the vessel, consisting of an inclined propeller shaft with a screw and an arm, characterized in that the propeller shaft is connected to the engine shaft or to the intermediate shaft through a hinge, which is a hinge of equal angular speeds, a cardan joint or a clutch that rotates the shafts at an angle to each other to a friend, and the propeller shaft bracket is mounted on the hull with the possibility of lifting up, and the hinge is located under the bottom and is closed by a fairing. 2. The transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket is mounted for movement along an arc centered in the center of the hinge, for example on a lever or levers or on an arc-shaped pylon located in arcuate guides. 3. The transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket is connected to a lever fixed to the housing or sliding mount through an intermediate element, such as a lever or levers. 4. Transmission of the vessel, consisting of an inclined propeller shaft with a screw and an arm, characterized in that the propeller shaft is connected to the engine shaft or to the intermediate shaft through a hinge, which is a hinge of equal angular speeds, a cardan joint or a clutch that rotates the shafts at an angle to each other to a friend, and the propeller shaft bracket is mounted on the hull of the vessel with the possibility of lifting upward, and the hinge is located in the pipe on the inside of the bottom with a flange. 5. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that the bracket is fixed so that it can be moved in an arc centered on the center of the hinge, for example on a lever or levers or on an arc-shaped pylon located in arcuate guides. 6. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that the bracket is connected to a lever fixed to the housing or a sliding mount through an intermediate element, such as a lever or levers.

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