RU2312570C1 - Apparatus for recovering flowability of compacted granular material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technique for recovering flowability of various compacted granular materials such as raw material for producing of mixed feeds, mineral fertilizers, construction materials.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper, inclined charging trough positioned at inlet end of hopper, horizontal roll connected to rotational drive, sharpened working plates mounted on roll, and fire-grate positioned under roll so as to define grinding zone in front of roll, horizontal bed, vertical hopper mounted centrally of bed, roll mounted on poles in supporting bearings, inclined frame equipped with sides and positioned above bed. Inclined frame is connected with its lower end to bed by pair of screw stretchers rigidly fixed with their ends to bed and to frame, and connected with its upper end by pair of screw stretchers pivotally connected with their ends to bed and to frame. Apparatus has fire-grate mounted within frame, conveyor positioned under bed, and frame with fire-grate, discharge device placed under bed and behind lower end of frame with fire-grate, movable pressure tool positioned under hopper and connected to reciprocating drive disposed on supporting platform fixed in upper part of frame, and discharge control device mounted within hopper. Movable pressure tool has ejector positioned under hopper for reciprocation from the top along frame over fire-grate in front of grinding zone, stems rigidly connected with their front ends to ejector, and drive plate positioned for reciprocation from the top along frame. Threaded opening is provided centrally of drive plate, in axially aligned relation with respect to longitudinal axis of frame. Rear ends of stems are rigidly coupled to drive plate. Reciprocation drive for movable pressure tool has screw axially aligned with frame axis and screwed into threaded opening provided through drive plate. Front end of screw is pressed for rotation around its axis of rotation within immovable block rigidly fixed to frame and disposed between ejector and drive plate, and rear end of screw is coupled to reverse rotation drive having rotational speed regulator and end switches positioned on front and rear sides of immovable block. Sharpened plates may be mounted so as to be readily detached and replaced.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and controllable process for grinding of compacted granular materials.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the preparation of animal feed in factories and in feed shops of poultry farms and livestock complexes, and is intended to restore the flowability of packed granular materials, mainly raw materials for the production of animal feed.

A device for restoring the flowability of caked granular materials, mainly feed, containing a feed conveyor and a plunger with a drive for its reciprocating movement, equipped with needle-racks placed on the lower surface of the plunger with a certain step, which is equipped with a guide for the vertical movement of the needle-racks, a perforated bed mounted under said guide with the possibility of oscillations, a belt conveyor for collecting the crushed fraction, located under the perforated bed, and a control system with an actuator, while the plunger is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, and the holes of the perforation of the bed are located in increments corresponding to the step of placing the needle racks on the plunger, and the needle racks are made with dimensions excluding them contacting in the lower position with the perforated bed, and the control system is designed to provide oscillations of the perforated bed by the actuator when lifting the needle racks to a predetermined height and osleduyuschuyu feed conveyor starting material to release from the crushed fraction perforated bed (RU 2166268 C1, IPC: A23N 17/00, V02S 1/00, 10.05.2001).

The disadvantages of this known device for restoring the flowability of packed granular materials are cyclic, i.e. intermittent nature of the working process, due to the need for periodic lifting of the plunger with stand-up needles for sieving the crushed granules by vibrating the perforated bed and feeding a new portion of the starting material to the last, low productivity and controllability of the crushing process of packed granular materials and the inability to configure the device to change process parameters crushing and the resulting product, which leads to regrinding of the granules of the restored granulation the material, reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device for restoring the flowability of caked granular materials and reduces the possible area of its use.

It is also known a device for restoring the flowability of caked granular materials, mainly feed or feed for the production of animal feed, containing a crushing chamber located between the bottom plate mounted on elastic supports mounted on the base and the top plate pivotally mounted on the bed with an inclination towards the exit crushing chambers and with the possibility of interaction with the crank shaft and vibrations in the vertical plane, loading and unloading devices, placed, respectively Of course, at the entrance to and exit from the crushing chamber, which is equipped with a crank shaft speed controller and a grinding working element, consisting of a set of interchangeable alternating plates of larger and shorter lengths mounted on the lower surface of the upper plate with the possibility of contacting with lower edges, at least at least parts of longer plates that are pointed, with the upper surface of the lower plate when the upper plate oscillates in its lower positions, the lower plate also being installed with an inclination towards the exit from the crushing chamber, and the base on which the elastic supports of the lower plate are mounted is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination of the lower plate, while the upper edge of the upper plate is pivotally mounted on the bed above the entrance to the crushing chamber with the possibility of height adjustment of its location hinged, and the end part is laid on top of the crank shaft (RU 2196490 C1, IPC A23N 17/00, B02C 1/04, 01/20/2003).

This known device for restoring the flowability of packed granular materials provides a continuous nature of the working process and the ability to configure the device to change the parameters of the crushing process and the resulting product, however, its disadvantages are the movement of already sufficiently crushed material along the inclined surface of the lower plate towards the exit from the crushing chamber and continuing contacting this material with a grinding working body, which leads to overgrinding of granules restored granular material and unproductive increase in energy consumption, reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device to restore the flowability of caked granular materials and reduces the possible area of its use.

The closest analogue of the present invention in structural embodiment is a device that can be used to restore the flowability of caked granular material, including a hopper, an inclined loading tray fixedly mounted at the inlet of the hopper, a horizontal roll kinematically connected with a rotation drive, on which pointed working plates are mounted, and a grate, placed under the roll with the formation before the last in the direction of movement of the processed on the material of the crushing zone (SU 1674960 A1, IPC V02C 13/06, 09/07/1991).

This known device does not have any means for regulating the crushing process of the supplied material and adjusting the device for changing the parameters of the crushing process and the resulting product, and the crushing zone is formed by an L-shaped reflective plate located under an inclined loading tray, and in this closed horizontal roll with with sharpened working plates, a sufficiently crushed material will accumulate in the crushing zone.

Thus, the drawbacks of the closest analogue are the low productivity and controllability of the crushing process of packed granular materials and the inability to configure the device to change the parameters of the crushing process and the resulting product, which leads to unproductive increase in energy consumption and regrinding of granules of the recovered granular material, reduces the efficiency and reliability of operation devices for restoring the flowability of caked granular materials and reduces the possible scope of its use.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the productivity and controllability of the crushing process of packed granular materials and to provide the ability to configure the device to restore the flowability of the packed granular material to change the parameters of the crushing process depending on the characteristics and properties of the starting material and the resulting product, reducing energy consumption, reducing the volume of overgrown granules in the recoverable granular material, increasing efficiency and on the reliability of the device and the expansion of the possible field of its use in restoring the flowability of various packed granular materials.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that a device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material, including a hopper, an inclined loading tray fixedly mounted at the inlet of the hopper, a horizontal roll kinematically connected with a rotation drive, on which pointed working plates are mounted, and a grate placed under the roller with the formation before the last in the direction of movement of the processed material crushing zone, according to the invention is equipped with a horizontal nina, on which in its central part a hopper is vertically mounted on the supports and a roll is mounted on the racks in the thrust bearings, inclined in the direction of movement of the processed material by a frame with vertical sides, placed above the bed, connected to the last lower end by means of a pair of rigidly attached ends to the bed and to the frame of the screw lanyards, and the upper end with a pair of pivotally attached ends to the frame and to the frame of the screw lanyards, and carrying the grate mounted therein, conveyor, mustache mounted under the bed and the frame with the grate, an unloading device located under the bed and in the direction of movement of the processed material behind the lower end of the frame with the grate, located under the hopper with a movable pushing working element kinematically connected with the drive of its reciprocating movement, placed on the supporting the platform fixed in the frame in its upper part, and the device regulating the unloading, mounted inside the hopper, while the movable pressing working body will have a pusher made with a width equal to the width of the grate, and mounted under the hopper with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along the frame along the grate before the crushing zone, rods rigidly connected by the front ends with the pusher, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along a drive plate, in the center of which a threaded hole is made coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the frame and to which the rear ends of the rods are rigidly attached, and the drive is reciprocated The relative movement of the movable pushing working body contains a screw located coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the frame, screwed into the threaded hole of the drive plate, the front end of which is pressed so that it can rotate around its axis into a fixed unit rigidly attached to the frame and placed between the pusher and the drive plate, and the rear end the screw is connected with a reversible drive of its rotation having a speed controller, and limit switches located on the front and rear sides of the fixed unit for cont coding, respectively, with a pusher and a drive plate, and the unloading control device includes a ramp inclined towards the discharge opening of the hopper, located under the loading tray and pivotally attached at one end to the inner wall of the hopper opposite the loading tray, and a shutter pivotally attached with its upper end to the other edge slope, and the lower end is also pivotally attached to the top of the pusher with the possibility of overlapping the discharge opening of the hopper when moving the pusher towards the roll In addition, the roll has a rotary drive speed control roller and is connected with the latter by means of the overload clutch.

In particular cases of using this device to restore the flowability of caked granular material:

- the roll can be multifaceted, and the pointed working plates can be mounted on its faces with the possibility of removal and replacement;

- pointed working plates can be made with a width equal to the width of the grate;

- pointed working plates can be made with a width less than the width of the grate;

- in this case, in the latter case, the pointed working plates can be mounted on the edges of the roll in a checkerboard pattern;

- the fixed unit can be made in the form of a panel mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame and having guide holes through which rods are passed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material, side view with cutouts of the vertical side of the frame and the side wall of the hopper; figure 2 is the same, a top view in the absence of a hopper; figure 3 is a pointed working plate made with a width equal to the width of the grate; figure 4 - pointed working plates made with a width less than the width of the grate.

A device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material includes a hopper 1, an inclined loading chute 2, kinematically connected with a rotation drive 3, a horizontal roll 4, on which the pointed working plates 5 are mounted, and a grate 6 placed under the roll 4, kinematically connected to the drive 3 of rotation, is mounted on the hopper 1 with the formation before the last in the direction of movement of the processed material zone 7 crushing.

In addition, the device is equipped with a horizontal bed 8, on which in its central part, on the supports 9, a hopper 1 is vertically mounted and a roll 4 is mounted on the racks 10 in the thrust bearings 11, a frame 12 inclined in the direction of movement of the processed material with vertical sides 13 located above the bed 8 connected to the last lower end by means of a pair of screwed lanyards 14 rigidly attached to the frame 8 and to the frame 12, and the upper end by means of a pair of pivotally attached ends to the frame 8 and to the screw lanyard frame 12 15, and supporting the grate 6 mounted therein, a conveyor 16 mounted under the frame 8 and the frame 12 with the grate 6, the unloading device 17, located under the frame 8 and in the direction of movement of the processed material behind the lower end of the frame 12 with the grate 6 located under the hopper 1 by a movable pushing tool, kinematically connected with the drive of its reciprocating movement, placed on a support platform 18, mounted in the frame 12 in its upper part, and regulating unloading when posobleniem mounted inside the hopper 1.

In this case, the movable pressing working body comprises a pusher 19, made with a width equal to the width of the grate 6, and mounted under the hopper 1 with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along the frame 12 along the grate 6 in front of the crushing zone 7, rods 20, rigidly connected to the front ends with a pusher 19, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along the frame 12 of the drive plate 21, in the center of which a threaded hole is made coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the frame 12 (not shown in the drawings Zano) and to which is rigidly attached to the rear ends of the rods 20.

The reciprocating drive of the movable pushing working body comprises a screw 22 located coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12, screwed into the threaded hole of the drive plate 21, the front end of which is pressed so that it can rotate around its axis into the fixed block 23, rigidly attached to the frame 12 and placed between the pusher 19 and the drive plate 21, and the rear end of the screw 22 is connected with a reversible drive 24 of its rotation, having a speed controller 25, and limit switches 26 and 27 located on the front and the rear sides of the fixed block 23 for contacting, respectively, with the pusher 19 and the drive plate 21. In a preferred embodiment of the device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material, the reversible rotary drive 24 of the screw 22 has, in addition to the speed controller 25, two elastic couplings 28 installed on its drive and driven shafts.

The unloading control device includes a ramp 30 inclined towards the discharge opening 29 of the hopper 1, located under the loading tray 2 and pivotally attached with one edge to the inner wall of the hopper 1 opposite the loading tray 2, and a shutter 31, pivotally attached with its upper end to the other edge of the ramp 30, and the lower end is also pivotally attached to the top of the pusher 19 with the possibility of overlapping the discharge opening 29 of the hopper 1 when moving the pusher 19 towards the roll 4.

In addition, the rotation drive 3 of the roll 4 has a speed controller (not shown) of the rotation of the roll 4 and is connected to the latter by means of a safety clutch 32. In a preferred embodiment of the device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material, the rotation drive of the roll 4 is an adjustable motor the gearbox, located on the platform 33 with the possibility of removal and replacement, and the kinematic connection of the roll 4 with the drive 3 of its rotation is carried out by means of an elastic coupling 34 and safety couplings s 32 mounted respectively on the drive shaft and the driven shaft of the gear motor.

The roll 4 can be made multifaceted, for example in the form of a hexagon, and the pointed working plates 5 can be mounted on its faces with the possibility of removal and replacement.

The pointed working plates 5 can be made with a width equal to the width of the grate 6.

The pointed working plates 5 can be made with a width smaller than the width of the grate 6.

Moreover, in the latter case, the pointed working plates 6 can be mounted on the edges of the roll 4 in a checkerboard pattern.

The fixed block 23 can be made in the form of a panel mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame 12 and having guide holes (not shown in the drawings) through which rods 20 are passed.

A device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material works as follows.

Before turning on the device, the necessary mode of the crushing process of the processed packed granular material is prescribed. In this case, depending on the type of material being processed, its physico-chemical properties and degree of caking, the speed of rotation of the roll 4, on which the pointed working plates 5 are mounted, is set using the speed controller of the drive 3, and if the latter are mounted on the roll 4 with the possibility of removal and replacement , then, based on the same conditions, pre-select interchangeable pointed working plates 5 of the required length and width and the type of their arrangement on the roll 4. Then set the intensity of the reciprocating moving the pusher 19 from above along the frame 12 along the grate 6 before the crushing zone 7, for which the rotational speed control of the reversing drive 24 sets the rotational speed of the screw 22 depending on the rotational speed of the roll 4. The feed rate of the processed packed granular material into the crushing zone 7 is finally regulated by changing the inclination of the frame 12 by means of a pair of screw lanyards 15 pivotally attached to the frame 8 and to the frame 12. Subject to the above, already established crushing process parameters designate the intensity and frequency of the feed of the original packed granular material into the hopper 1 along the inclined loading tray 2. The coarseness and fragmentation of the material obtained at the outlet of the device is controlled by changing the gap between the frame 12 with the grate 6 and the roller 4 using a pair of rigidly attached ends to the frame 8 and to the frame 12 screw lanyards 14.

After setting the mode and parameters of the crushing process of the processed packed granular material and the characteristics of the obtained product, the drive 3 rotates the roll 4 and the reversible drive 24 rotates the screw 22 and the original packed granulated material is fed into the hopper 1 along the inclined loading tray 2. Next, the processed packed granulated material is fed to placed under the loading tray 2 and pivotally attached with one edge to the opposite wall of the loading tray 2, the inner wall of the hopper 1 a ramp 30, rolling along which the processed packed granular material falls through the discharge opening 29 of the hopper 1 onto the grate 6. The reversing drive 24 transmits torque through the elastic couplings 28 to the screw 22, which, turning out of the threaded hole in the drive plate 21, moves it towards the hopper 1. The drive plate 21 by the rods 20 in the same direction moves the pusher 19, which, making a smooth sliding progressive movement, compresses the processed caked granular material to the roll 4 and the shutter 31 pivotally attached to its top overlaps the discharge opening 29 of the hopper 1, dispensing the supply of the processed granular material that has been packed. When the limit switch 27 located on the rear side of the fixed block 23 is in contact with the drive plate 21, the reverse of the actuator 24 is activated, which starts to rotate the screw 22 in the opposite direction. The screw 22, being screwed into the threaded hole in the drive plate 21, moves it to its original position, also the pushers 19 move the pusher 19 to the initial position. After contacting the limit switch 26 located on the front side of the fixed block 23 with the pusher 19, the movable push the working body stops and begins a new cycle of its movement along the frame 12.

The processed caked granular material in the crushing zone 7 is advanced due to the forced feed by the pusher 19 and the inclination of the frame 12, which carries the grate 6 mounted in it and has vertical sides 13 that prevent spilling of the processed material. Once in the crushing zone 7, the caked granular material is subjected to the cleaving action of the pointed working plates 5 mounted on the horizontal roll 4. When hard inclusions enter the grinding crushing zone 7, the roll 4 is rotated, provided by the safety clutch 32, which prevents the rotation drive 3 of the horizontal roll 4 from breakdowns. The roll 4 carries the crushed material from the crushing zone 7 to the grate 6, where the finished product is screened, which is sent to the storage or packaging using the conveyor 16 installed under the bed 8. Insufficiently fragmented material, rolling down the grate 6, falls into the unloading device 17 and subsequently can be sent to re-crushing.

The above-described device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material has high productivity, efficiency and reliability of operation and controllability of the crushing process of caked granular materials and has the ability to configure the device when changing the parameters of the crushing process depending on the characteristics and properties of the starting material and the resulting product, does not require large energy consumption and produces a minimum volume of over-crushed granules in a recover granular material, can be used to restore the flowability of various packed granular materials, for example raw materials for the production of animal feed, mineral fertilizers, building materials, and also without any design changes can be used as a grinder of brittle materials.

Claims (6)

1. A device for restoring the flowability of caked granular material, including a hopper, an inclined loading tray fixedly mounted at the inlet of the hopper, a horizontal roll kinematically connected with a rotation drive, on which pointed working plates are mounted, and a grate placed under the roll to form before the direction of movement of the processed material of the crushing zone, characterized in that it is equipped with a horizontal bed, on which in its central part a bunker is vertically mounted and a roll is mounted on the racks in the thrust bearings, a frame inclined in the direction of movement of the processed material with a vertical side mounted above the bed, connected to the last lower end by means of a pair of rigidly attached ends to the bed and to the frame of screw turnbuckles, and the upper end by means of a pair of screw lanyards pivotally attached to the bed and frame, and supporting the grate mounted therein, with a conveyor mounted under the bed and the grate frame with a grating, an unloading device located under the bed and in the direction of movement of the processed material behind the lower end of the frame with the grate, located under the hopper with a movable pushing working element kinematically connected with the drive of its reciprocating movement, placed on a supporting platform fixed in the frame in its upper part, and the unloading adjusting device mounted inside the hopper, while the movable pushing working body contains a pusher made with a width, p the wide width of the grate, and mounted under the hopper with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along the frame along the grate before the crushing zone, rods rigidly connected by the front ends to the pusher, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from above along the frame of the drive plate, in the center of which a threaded hole is made coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the frame and to which the rear ends of the rods are rigidly attached, and the reciprocating drive of the movable push the working body contains a screw located coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the frame, screwed into the threaded hole of the drive plate, the front end of which is pressed so that it can rotate around its axis into a fixed unit rigidly attached to the frame and placed between the pusher and the drive plate, and the rear end of the screw is connected to the reversible its rotation drive having a rotation speed controller, and limit switches located on the front and rear sides of the fixed unit for contacting with the pusher and with a hob, and the unloading control device includes a ramp inclined towards the outlet of the hopper, located under the loading tray and pivotally attached with one edge to the inner wall of the hopper opposite the loading tray, and a shutter pivotally attached with the upper end to the other edge of the ramp and the lower end also pivotally attached to the top of the pusher with the possibility of overlapping the discharge opening of the hopper when moving the pusher towards the roll, in addition, the drive rotation of the roll has a the roller speed adjuster and is connected to the latter by means of a safety clutch. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the roll is multifaceted, and the pointed working plates are mounted on its faces with the possibility of removal and replacement. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pointed working plates are made with a width equal to the width of the grate. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pointed working plates are made with a width less than the width of the grate. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the pointed working plates are mounted on the edges of the roll in a checkerboard pattern. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixed unit is made in the form of a panel mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame and having guide holes through which rods are passed.

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