RU2312221C1 - Method for deep bolt installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly mine lining with deep bolts.

SUBSTANCE: method involves drilling borehole; inserting necessary number of ampoules filled with chemical hardening mix in the borehole; inserting sharpened bolt end having length exceeding mine height in borehole and leaving another end in mine ground; locking bolt rod and support washer thereof with the use of sharpened metal bar having length equal to telescopic perforator advancing travel; moving the lock to borehole head by force applied thereto by telescopic perforator; repeating said movement operation to provide perforator connection with bolt head to rotate bolt for ampoule breaking and mixing; retaining bolt in borehole up to total mix polymerization. Borehole drilling and anchor installation are carried out with the use the same telescopic perforator.

EFFECT: increased reliability, decreased costs and time for bolt installation, simplified works due to possibility of integral bolt installation mechanization with the use of device for bolt forcing in borehole.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the fastening of mine workings with deep anchors.

Deep anchor support is necessary in order to suspend the shackled rock thickness to the upper, more durable layers or structural blocks of rocks, thereby reducing bending, delamination and displacement of rocks in a load-bearing structure, artificially formed in the roof of the mine when fixed with standard size anchors with length 1.8 m

There is a method of installing steel-polymer anchors (RU, Pat. No. 2262599, IPC E21D 20/00, published 2005.10.20), including drilling holes, introducing one or more ampoules into the hole, introducing an anchor assembly consisting of a rod, a fixing nut, a ring an emphasis, basic and spherical washers, rotation of an anchor before destruction of ampoules, mixing of chemical components, tightening of a nut after polymerization. The drilling machine rotates the fastening nut through the nozzle until it stops, continue to rotate the anchor rod by the fastening nut screwed onto the threaded shank of the anchor rod and fixed from folding by the stop ring installed on the end of the threaded shank of the anchor rod, while drilling the hole and installing the anchor one mechanism, for example a telescopic puncher of "left" rotation.

The disadvantage of this method of installing steel-polymer anchors can be attributed to the fact that it does not provide for mounting the massif to a great depth. This method is used to fasten mine workings to a depth of 2 meters, however, with large spans of roofs of mine workings, when fastening the roof of mates of mine workings, in the presence of unstable rocks in the roof, with a long service life of the mine workings, and also as earthquake-resistant anchor support mining operations in conditions of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure, it is necessary to use deep anchor support.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of installing a deep anchor (RU, patent No. 2172409, IPC E21D 21/00, published 2001.08.2, adopted as a prototype), which consists in the following: 1- is introduced into a hole drilled in a mountain massif 2 ampoules with a chemical bonding composition, supplied and supported in the well by the first rod segment, which contacts the ampoules with bevels at its deep end. Before the introduction of the first segment of the rod into the well, a threaded sleeve is screwed onto it, onto the docking part. After introducing the first segment into the well, a second rod segment is twisted into the sleeve with its docking section. When twisting, the end part of the first segment of the rod comes into force contact with a similar part of the second segment. The gaps in the threaded connection are selected, and the connecting section of the rod segments along the entire length of the coupling becomes prestressed, in the cross section along the contact plane of the ends of the rod segments, the first and second, and the coupling, complex force interactions occur. Next, the composite rod of the anchor is connected to a drill or some other adapter (rotator), fed into the hole to its end. The rotation of the anchor rod, with its beveled end, destroys the ampoule shells, the chemical composition is mixed and quickly begins to harden, fixing the anchor rod in the hole. The cessation of the rotation of the rod occurs automatically, as the hardening composition gains strength, the calibration key is cut off.

However, this fastening method is not applicable for the installation of an integral deep anchor. In the known method using a combined anchor, a composite rod of several pieces interconnected by threaded couplings. The threads of the couplings and the docking parts of the anchor, made with special conditions, make the known method of installing the deep anchor metal-intensive, difficult to perform. The cost of the anchor increases due to the fact that each coupling is made of higher quality steel than the anchor rod. The process of threading, the manufacture of appropriate couplings, the assembly of the anchor during installation - all these are costly moments both in time and in means. The disadvantages of the known combined anchor include the fact that the strength of the metal during heat treatment is reduced, which reduces the bearing capacity of the anchor lining, especially during blasting or rock impact.

Thus, the disadvantages of this method include the complexity of manufacturing the anchor, its high cost, as well as a decrease in the bearing capacity of the anchor.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to develop a method for installing deep-laid anchors that meets the requirements of reliability, cost-effectiveness in terms of time and money, ease of execution.

The technical result is achieved due to the mechanization of heavy manual labor when installing a solid rod anchor using a device for sending the anchor into the hole.

To solve the problem in the well-known from the prototype method of installing a deep anchor, including drilling a hole, introducing into the hole the required number of ampoules with a chemical hardening mixture and an anchor consisting of a rod with fastening elements in the form of a support washer and head, destroying the ampoules and mixing the mixture deep according to the invention, the pointed end of the anchor, the length of which exceeds the height of the output, is introduced the borehole and the other end are left on the working soil, using a pointed metal rod having a length equal to the feed path of the telescopic puncher, connect the anchor rod and the support washer into the “lock”, move the “lock” to the borehole with the help of a telescopic puncher, ensuring the movement of the anchor along the latter, the movement operation is repeated until the punch can be connected to the anchor head, for which the anchor is rotated, while drilling a hole and installing a deep-laid anchor t with one telescopic punch.

In addition, drilling a hole is carried out in two stages, initially drilling a hole to the length of the rod, then using a set of rods and adapter cone couplings, drill the hole to the required length.

Moreover, the pointed ends of the anchor and the metal rod are made in the form of a quadrangular pyramid with an acute angle in the axial section, and the head of the anchor is stamped using a matrix in accordance with the recess in the rotary hammer.

Unlike the prototype, a solid anchor is inserted into the hole, which is in a bent stressed state, since the length of the anchor exceeds the working height and it is almost impossible to manually send it to the hole, sending the anchor to the hole is carried out using a pointed metal rod having a length equal to the feed telescopic punch. The anchor rod and the support washer are connected into a “lock” using a metal rod, then the “lock” is moved to the mouth of the hole by the force of a telescopic puncher. The movement operation is repeated until it becomes possible to insert the head of the anchor, for which it is rotated, into the recess in the rotator of the punch. The anchor is rotated until the ampoules are completely destroyed, the chemical components are mixed and hardened.

Thus, the time-consuming process of entering and sending the deep anchor is mechanized. The integrity of the anchor installed using ampoules with a hardening composition, ensures its equal strength over the entire length, reliable bearing capacity. The pointed metal rod is easy to manufacture, it is easily and quickly mounted in a “lock” and dismantled, making the installation process of the deep anchor economical in time and money. Drilling a hole and installing a deep-hole anchor, made by one telescopic perforator, simplify the process of fixing the mine.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

The deep anchor currently used is a rod made of a rod of a periodic profile made of steel of class A-III with a nominal diameter of 16-18 mm with a hot-stamped head to hold the base plate of the required size.

Deep anchor support 3.5 m long is installed on a cement-sand mortar, pumped with compressed air, into bore holes with a diameter of 40-55 mm.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process. Drilling a hole with a length of 3.5 m, a diameter of 40-55 mm is carried out at a rate of 0.764 hours or 46 minutes. The time-consuming process of manually preparing a sand-cement mortar, using outdated non-technological equipment for pumping the mortar into a hole, increased compressed air consumption, manually installing an anchor in a hole that is longer than the working height - these are all negative aspects of the technology used for installing deep anchor support. The norm of installation time is 0.244 hours. Total time: drilling + installation - 1.008 hours for one anchor. In this case, the hardening of the solution in the borehole to the minimum required strength of 60-80% occurs on the 7th day, and 100% crystallization of the solution occurs on the 28th day after installation of the mount. During this time, the roof of the workings that is not fastened with this type of lining can undergo critical destruction deformations.

Specialists of the Kalinskaya mine of OAO SUBR developed a method for installing a deep-polymer steel-polymer anchor support, which is technologically advanced and meets the requirements for safe mining. Anchors 3.5 m long, installed using polymer concrete ampoules, have high load-bearing capacity, come into operation immediately after installation, and prevent the development of rock deformation.

A hole is drilled with a crown with a diameter of 28 mm, a length of 3.5 m three times faster than a hole of the same length with a crown with a diameter of 40-55 mm. The drilling time, according to the timing, is 15 minutes.

An anchor is installed from a rod of a periodic profile with a nominal diameter of 20 mm together with polymer ampoules, which is almost impossible to bend when installed manually in low output, unlike anchors on cement-sand mortar with a nominal diameter of 16-18 mm.

When installing, the PT-48 telescopic puncher is used, unlike the manual installation of anchors on a cement-sand mortar.

The total installation time of a steel-polymer anchor with a length of 3.5 m is on average 6 minutes, and the time to install the same anchor on a cement-sand mortar is on average 15 minutes, the time standard for installing a steel-polymer anchor with a length of 3.5 m is: drilling + installation - 0.679 hours.

Description of the process of fastening with steel-polymer anchor deep support

Drilling technology

Initially, drill a hole with a 28 mm diameter crown using a PT-48 telescopic puncher for a length of 1.8 m in the usual way using a set of drill rods 5, Fig. 1 (“numbers”). Then, a conical drill rod with a crown is inserted into the drilled hole and, using a set of numbers and adapter conical couplings, the wells are drilled to the required length of 3.5 m.

Installation technology, figure 1 (General view), the node And figure 1 is shown in figure 2.

The required number of ampoules 6, for example 5 pieces, which are kept from falling out by retaining rings (not shown) is manually introduced into the drilled hole 1. Then, the deep, pointed end of the anchor 2 is inserted into the hole, while the anchor with the contour end lies on the working soil, and the anchor rod itself is in a bent elastic state. Then, using a pointed metal rod 4 (node A), the length of which is equal to the feed path of the PT-48 telescopic puncher, 0.45 m long, the anchor 2 and the supporting washer 7 are connected to the “lock”. Connection to the “lock” is necessary for moving the anchor into the hole using the efforts of a telescopic punch 3. Next, the "lock" is moved to the mouth of the hole using a PT-48 puncher, thereby ensuring the entry of the anchor into the hole. The operation is repeated 5-7 times until a rotator can be placed under the anchor, with which, when the anchor is rotated, the polymer-concrete composition is mixed. The telescopic punch is installed coaxially with the hole. Anchors with a length of 3.5 m from steel A-III-20 are made in the mechanical workshop of the mine. The head 8 of a special profile for a rotator with a flat recess is stamped using a matrix. For the convenience of unhindered entry of the anchor into the hole, the deep end of the anchor is sharpened in the form of a quadrangular pyramid.

A pointed metal rod is made of drill steel or hexagon with a diameter of 22 mm. The pointed end of the metal rod is also made in the form of a quadrangular pyramid.

Tests of the bearing capacity of 3.5 m long anchors with fastening to polymer concrete ampoules showed that they withstand a load equal to the breaking strength of the rod within 15-17 tons (150-170 kN).

Claims (4)

1. A method of installing a deep anchor, including drilling a hole, introducing into the hole the required number of ampoules with a hardening chemical mixture and an anchor consisting of a rod with fastening elements in the form of a supporting washer and head, breaking the ampoules and mixing the mixture with the deep pointed end of the anchor by rotating it , its retention in the hole until the mixture is fully polymerized, characterized in that the pointed end of the anchor, the length of which exceeds the height of the mine, is introduced into the hole, and the other end is left on the soil of the mine, the power of a pointed metal rod having a length equal to the feed path of the telescopic punch, connect the anchor rod and the support washer, move the “lock” to the mouth of the drill with the help of the telescopic puncher, ensuring the anchor moves along the latter, the movement is repeated until the punch can be connected with the head of the anchor, for which the rotation of the anchor is carried out, while drilling the hole and installing the deep anchor is carried out with one telescopic perforator. 2. The method of installing the deep anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the drilling of the hole is carried out in two stages, initially drilling the hole for the length of the rod, then using the set of rods and adapter conical couplings, drill the hole to the required length. 3. The installation method of the deep anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the head of the anchor is stamped with a matrix in accordance with the recess in the rotator of the perforator. 4. The installation method of the deep anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pointed ends of the anchor and the metal rod are made in the form of a quadrangular pyramid with an acute angle in axial section.

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