RU2311024C2 - Calf rearing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: milk cattle breeding.

SUBSTANCE: method involves taking colostral fore milk dose from each udder quarter for mastitis control immediately after calving; after examination, determining density of colostral milk taken from udder sound quarters; taking out colostral milk having density of 1.045-1.055 g/cm³ and higher; pumping colostral milk having density of 1.045-1.055 g/cm³ under pressure of 0.4-0.5 atm into calf's rennet bag during the first 30 min after delivery, said pumping of colostral milk being performed during 45-60 s in an amount of 10% by live weight of calf; pumping colostral milk having density higher than 1.055 g/cm³ in an amount of 8% by live weight of calf; using colostral milk having temperature of 37-38 C.

EFFECT: provision for imparting stable immune resistance to newborn calf by natural method, and reduced costs of process.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to dairy farming.

Statistics show that a high percentage of diseases and calf withdrawal occurs during the neonatal period.

It is known that in the process of intrauterine ontogenesis, the fetus grows and develops due to the complex biological system "mother-fetus".

After birth, an adaptive system is formed in a newborn young organism in conditions of the appearance of relative or even complete insufficiency of the function of certain organs.

When a mother gets from an internal “sterile environment” into an external environment infected to varying degrees, the “passive immunity” received from the mother during development in the womb is lost within one to two days if it is not maintained.

A reliable source of the formation of further immunity is the saturation of the calf's body with immune bodies from maternal colostrum. Compared to milk, colostrum contains 4–5 times more complete proteins, including globulins and albumin - 10-12 times, minerals - 1.5 times, carotene and vit. A - 10-30 times, fat - 1.5 times, iron, vit. At 12, D - several times.

Colostrum nutrients are able to be absorbed in the walls of the stomach and small intestine and form the immunity of the calf in the first minutes after calving (up to 1 hour). Many studies have proven that colostrum composition in cows rapidly changes during lactation.

Along with this, a violation of the launching technique and the technology of feeding and keeping pregnant dry cows causes infection of the mammary gland during the involution period and upon the onset of the secretion of the glandular epithelium. The secret accumulated before calving, and then given out or sucked out by the calf, can serve as a source of infection for the newborn calf, cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and adversely affect the formation of immunity.

There is a method of disinfecting and preventing mastitis in pregnant dry cows by launching them once by injecting the drug “Nafpenzal DC” in a dose of one syringe tube into each lobe of the udder (O. Shakirov, female Dairy and Beef Cattle, 2005, No. 7 , p. 35-38).

A known method of raising calves (see Bagriy B. “Colostrum calf from the udder of the mother” w. “Dairy and beef cattle breeding”, No. 1, 2005, p.22-23, prototype), where the calves are kept with their mother from 3 up to 10 days and receive colostrum from the mother on their own. However, with this method of keeping there is no control over: when the calf begins to suckle the mother; the amount of colostrum consumed and the quality of colostrum.

The proposed methods do not fully ensure the development of immunity and the intensive growth and development of calves.

The technical solution to the problem is the formation of stable immunity in newborn calves by the natural method at minimal cost.

This object is achieved in that in a method of growing calves, which includes oral administration of colostrum to calves, the colostrum in each udder share for infection and the content of immunoglobulin by colostrum density is preliminarily tested within 15 minutes after calving, if the colostrum is at least 1,045 g / cm ³ , then it is introduced by pumping into the abomasum of a calf at a pressure of 0.4-0.5 atm in the first 30 minutes after its birth for 45-60 seconds in the amount of 8-10% of the live weight of a calf with a density of 1,055 g / cm ³ and above accordingly, while eratura colostrum is 37-38 ° C.

The novelty of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that the required amount of colostrum arrives in a timely manner and purposefully in the stomach section “abomasum”, bypassing the undeveloped pancreas “scar”, “net” and “book”, when colostrum gets into it causes its rot and dyspepsia in calves.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of growing calves.

Immediately after calving, the first trickles of colostrum are removed from each udder lobe separately into a container to identify mastitis. Then colostrum is extracted from healthy lobes, a sample is taken. With the help of a hydrometer, the density of the colostrum is determined, with its value below 1,055, 10% of the mass of the newborn calf (2.8-3 l) is measured, above 1.055-8% of the mass (2.5-2.8 l) of the calf. Pour a measured amount of warm (37-38 ° C) colostrum into a container placed in a thermos fixed on the site, hermetically close the container. The hose is lubricated with vegetable oil, the calf’s head is fixed with the left hand, lifting the calf’s muzzle up. A lubricated hose with a catheter at the end is carefully inserted through the oral cavity and esophagus into the lower stomach - “abomasum” until it stops, then return it to 0.5-0.8 cm, press the right foot on the pump, providing 0.4- 0.5 atm air supply to the hose, the end of which is located at the bottom of the vessel. Under pressure, colostrum from the vessel is pumped into the hose for 45-60 seconds, which completely enters the abomasum. The second colostrum was drunk after 12-18 hours, after the first, in the evening milking hours of cows from the nipple drinker in the amount of 1.5-2 l according to the scheme adopted by the farm for milking.

In order to facilitate the device, the container and the thermos are made of plastic, the container of the thermos is filled with porous material, such as cotton.

Testing of the proposed method was carried out in ZAO "Dawn" Vyselkovsky district. For this, 2 groups of pregnant dry cows were formed, 10 animals each, according to the principle of steam analogues. Calves from cows of the 1st control group were raised according to the technology adopted at the farm, which provides for the first milking of colostrum within two hours after the birth of the calf in the amount of 1.5 l from the nipple drinker.

The calves of the 2 experimental group, the first drinking of colostrum was carried out by the proposed method.

Ethological observations showed that after the first intake of colostrum, the calves of both groups rested, lying for 1-2 hours, and then were awake. However, the calves of the experimental group continued to rest more time, which was probably due to their long satiety.

12-18 hours after the injection of colostrum, the calves of the experimental group were fed colostrum three times a day, as in the control.

Observations of the state of health of the experimental animals over two months showed that in the control group, 6 out of 10 calves had gastrointestinal tract disorders, they required the drinking of herbal decoctions and the injection of antibiotics.

In the experimental group, 3 out of 10 calves suffered mild gastrointestinal upsets, the disease was eliminated after two to four meals of vegetable decoctions.

During the milky period, the average daily growth in calves of the experimental group was 706 g, which is 93 g more than the control.

Claims (1)

A method of growing calves, including oral administration of colostrum, characterized in that immediately after calving, a portion of colostrum is removed from each udder in cows for testing for mastitis, after which the density of colostrum obtained from healthy lobes is determined, and colostrum with a density of 1,045-1,055 g / cm ³ pumped under a pressure of 0.4-0.5 ATM. in the abomasum of a calf in the first 30 minutes after its birth within 45-60 s in the amount of 10% of the live weight of the calf, and colostrum with a density above 1,055 g / cm ³ , respectively, in the amount of 8% of the live weight of the calf, while using colostrum with a temperature of 37-38 ° C.