RU2310633C1 - Method for production of liquid peat humates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of liquid peat humates.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes peat preparation, providing of peat suspension in aqueous solution of hydrolyzing agent, suspension heat treatment under elevated pressire, followed by cooling thereof and isolation of target product. Abovementioned suspension is prepared by mixing of prepared peat with ammonia aqueous solution with concentration of 0.8-1.0 % in component ratio of 1:(2.5-3.0) and heat treatment is carried out at 130-150°C< pressure of 0.8-1.5 atm for 60 min.

EFFECT: target humate with increased physiological activity.

8 ex, 4 tbl

Description

Introduction

The invention relates to the processing of peat in order to obtain liquid peat extracts, the main active principle of which are salts of peat humic acids (humates), for their subsequent use in industry (mining), everyday life (dyes for wood) and especially in agriculture (crop production, livestock, poultry) and veterinary medicine as physiologically active compounds with the ability to stimulate the growth, development of living organisms and increase their resistance.

State of the art

Depending on the application, different requirements are placed on liquid humates. So, for the hydrometallurgical processing of polymetallic raw materials, the most important property of humates is their high complex-forming ability, which determines the completeness of extraction of metal ions from ores. In the manufacture of dyes for wood, the target property of liquid humates is their color, determined by the shape of the spectral curve and the extinction coefficient of liquid humates. When using liquid humates in agriculture and veterinary medicine, the main requirement is their high physiological activity.

A known method of producing aqueous solutions of salts of humic acids (AS USSR No. 213798, publ. 05.28.1969) by treating solid fossil fuels, such as coal or peat, first with water, and then with a solution of an alkaline agent, such as alkali, amine with a constant excess 1-3 wt.%, With vigorous stirring. The ratio of solid and liquid phases is 1: (2-6).

Thus obtained liquid humates are characterized by insufficiently high physiological activity, which is due to the process of their extraction from solid humate-containing raw materials without supplying heat from the outside.

It is known that treating peat with an aqueous solution of any alkaline agent, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, soda, ammonia or another amine, leads to the extraction of salts of humic acids with physiological activity into the solution. This property of humates varies very significantly depending on the conditions of alkaline treatment, namely, on alkali concentration, the ratio of mass fractions of peat and water, temperature, pressure, and processing time.

There is also a method of producing liquid suspended peat humic fertilizers (US Pat. RF No. 2001038 C1, MKI C05F 11/02, publ. 10/15/93), including mixing peat with a 1.0-2.5% solution of caustic potassium in a ratio of 1: (4- 5). During the mixing process, caustic potassium is periodically added to the mixture, keeping its concentration in the solution no higher than the initial one, and its addition to the mixture is stopped when the concentration of humic acids in the solution is stabilized. The physiological activity of the liquid humates obtained by this method is also not high enough due to the low temperature of their extraction from peat.

Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is a method of obtaining a dye from peat (Application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No. 95111820/03, MKI C10F 7/00, publ. 06/27/1997), which includes the following operations in series:

- peat preparation;

- preparing a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent, carried out in two stages:

(a) preparation of a peat-alkaline suspension at 75-80 ° C using soda as an alkaline agent;

(b) introducing into the prepared suspension an aqueous solution of ammonia, which is a hydrolyzing agent, at a concentration of 0.4-0.7%;

- heat treatment of the suspension at a pressure of 1-2 ati and a temperature of 125-130 ° C;

- subsequent cooling of the suspension;

- selection of the target product.

According to this method, the target product is obtained for use as a dye.

However, the physiological activity of the liquid humates obtained by the prototype is small.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to find a method for producing liquid peat humates, including the preparation of peat, the preparation of a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent, the heat treatment of the suspension at elevated pressure, its subsequent cooling and the isolation of the target product, which would increase the physiological activity of the target product.

The problem is solved by a method for producing liquid peat humates, including the preparation of peat, the preparation of a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent, the heat treatment of the suspension at elevated pressure, its subsequent cooling and the isolation of the target product, in which the preparation of a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent is carried out by mixing prepared peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of the latter 0.8-1.0% with a ratio of components 1: (2.5-3.0 ), and the heat treatment of the suspension is carried out at a temperature of 130-150 ° C, a pressure of 0.8-1.5 ati for 60-90 minutes.

The invention makes it possible to increase the physiological activity of the obtained peat humates by 11-54%.

Information confirming the reproducibility of the invention

For the preparation of liquid peat humates, any peat can be used, for example, low-level peat of the Miskovsky peat deposit (Kostroma region) of a sedge group with a decomposition degree of 35-40%, and aqueous ammonia (GOST 9-92).

The method is carried out by sequentially performing the following operations.

1. Preparation of peat.

Peat is sieved on a sieve with a mesh size of 5-7 mm to remove large inclusions of wood and technical waste.

2. Preparation of a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent.

Conducted in one stage: prepared peat with a moisture content of 55-60% is poured with an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of the latter 0.8-1.0% with a ratio of components 1: (2.5-3.0) and mix thoroughly.

3. Heat treatment of the suspension.

It is carried out at a temperature of 130-150 ° C and a pressure of 0.8-1.5 ati for 60-90 minutes.

4. Cooling the suspension.

Carry out in a natural mode of cooling to ambient temperature.

5. The selection of the target product.

Carried out by any known method, for example by centrifugation of the suspension.

The physiological activity of humates was evaluated identically for the prototype and the claimed invention according to the energy of seed germination, their germination, the length of their roots, the dry mass of the aerial parts and roots of plants and leaf area in accordance with known methods

(1. Turkova N.S., Dvoretskaya S.I., Znamenskaya M.A., Kotov A.L., Fedorov E.P. Testing the effect of carbon-alkaline preparations on plants. // In Sat. "Plant growth regulators by chemical means ". Ed. Moscow State University, 1970, p.116-127;

2. Plant growth regulators in agriculture. Ed. G. Tukel. M .: Publishing. Foreign literature, 1958, p.20-22;

3. Naumova G.V., Raitsyna G.I., Kosonogova L.V., Kosobokova R.V. Humic preparations of peat and their effectiveness in agricultural use. Chemistry of solid fuels, 1991, No. 1, pp. 95-99;

4. Bumanina V.N., Kuznetsova L.M., Scherbakov V.A., Gorshkova O.S. The effect of peat humic fertilizers on the growth and development of vegetable and flower crops in greenhouses. Peat industry, 1991, No. 3, pp. 20-25).

Indicators of physiological activity of the target product obtained under various conditions for the implementation of the claimed method, and sodium humate obtained by the prototype method are shown in tables 1-4.

In all examples, the low-level peat of the Miskovsky peat deposit of the Kostroma region with a degree of decomposition of 35–40%, belonging to the wood-sedge group, was used as raw material.

Table 1
Indicators of the physiological activity of humates during the germination of spring wheat seeds of the Priokskaya variety Example No. Method conditions Germination energy,% ^* Germination,% ^** The length of the roots, mm ^*** Ammonia concentration - 0.8% one The ratio of components - 1: 2.5 80 92 6.4 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 130 ° C pressure - 0.8 ati time - 60 min Ammonia concentration - 1.0% 2 The ratio of components - 1: 3.0 81 94 6.3 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 150 ° С pressure - 1.5 ati time - 90 min Ammonia concentration - 0.9% 3 The ratio of components - 1: 2.75 85 95 6.5 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 140 ° С pressure - 1.15 ati time - 75 min Ammonia concentration - 1.0% four The ratio of components - 1: 3.0 78 91 6.1 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 130 ° C pressure - 0.8 ati time - 60 min Ammonia concentration - 0.8% 5 The ratio of components - 1: 2.5 82 94 6.2 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 150 ° C pressure - 1.5 ati time - 90 min Ammonia concentration - 1.0% 6 The ratio of components - 1: 2.5 83 95 6.5 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 150 ° С pressure - 1.5 ati time - 90 min Ammonia concentration - 0.8% 7 The ratio of components - 1: 3.0 78 90 6.1 Suspension heat treatment mode: temperature - 130 ° С pressure - 0.8 ati time - 60 min 8 In accordance with the prototype 67 81 5.5 ^* The ratio of the number of seeds germinated on the 3rd day to the total number of seeds
^** The ratio of the number of seeds germinated on the 7th day to the total number of seeds
^*** The length of the roots was measured on the 7th day

table 2
Indicators of the physiological activity of humates during germination of corn seeds of the Yubileinaya variety ^* Example No. Germination energy,% Germination,% The length of the roots, mm one 83 92 20.0 2 84 94 21.2 3 88 97 22.1 four 85 93 21.1 5 88 97 22.0 6 87 97 21.9 7 81 91 19.7 8 70 80 17.2 ^* All the conditions of the method in the examples correspond to those indicated in Table 1 Table 3
Indicators of the physiological activity of humates in the cultivation of spring wheat of the Priokskaya variety in aquatic culture * Example No. Dry mass of the aerial parts of one plant ^** , g The dry mass of the roots of one plant, g The leaf area of one plant, cm ² one 0.35 0.160 98 2 0.36 0.165 105 3 0.38 0.170 108 four 0.34 0.155 88 5 0.35 0.160 95 6 0.36 0.165 99 7 0.33 0.145 85 8 0.29 0.130 70 ^* All the conditions of the method in the examples correspond to those indicated in Table 1
^** Indicators were measured 1 month after the start of the experiment

Table 4
Indicators of the physiological activity of humates in the cultivation of corn of the Yubileynaya variety in aquatic culture ^* Example No. Dry weight of the aerial parts of one plant ^** , g The dry mass of the roots of one plant, g The leaf area of one plant, cm ² one 0.50 0.200 238 2 0.51 0.210 245 3 0.53 0.225 263 four 0.48 0.205 226 5 0.52 0.215 258 6 0.52 0.220 263 7 0.44 0.195 221 8 0.37 0.170 200 ^* All the conditions of the method in the examples correspond to those indicated in Table 1
^** Indicators were measured 1 month after the start of the experiment

Claims (1)

A method of producing liquid peat humates, including preparing peat, preparing a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent, heat treating the suspension at elevated pressure, then cooling it and isolating the target product, characterized in that the preparation of a suspension of prepared peat in an aqueous solution of a hydrolyzing agent is carried out by mixing prepared peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of the latter 0.8-1.0% with a ratio of components 1: (2.5-3.0), and heat treatment slurry is conducted at a temperature of 130-150 ° C, a pressure of 0.8-1.5 atm for 60-90 minutes.