RU2309360C2 - Recoil-counterrecoil device of firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mainly firearm systems.

SUBSTANCE: the recoil-counterrecoil device of a firearm has a body with longitudinal guides carrying the movable part of the weapon for reciprocating motion between the front and rear mechanical stops, as well as having a permanent contact with the body and movable part of the weapon, a unit for return of the weapon movable part to the position of the front mechanical stop fastened an the body. The return unit has return spring perceiving the radial and axial forces. Fastened on the movable part of the weapon are the contact rollers made for rotation about their axes and being in a permanent contact with profiled attachments linked with the springs of the return unit and with the body.

EFFECT: reduced level of dynamic action on the structural members of the firearm and on the carrier of such a weapon at firing, reduced mass and dimensional characteristics of it and enhanced reliability.

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Description

The invention relates mainly to firearms systems. The reaction force (recoil) during the shot is directed to the side opposite to the flight of the bullet (projectile), and affects both the structural elements of the weapon and the elements of its fastening on the carrier (combat vehicle). With the growth of weapon power, this factor also significantly increases the overall dimensions of the weapon carrier, limiting its combat properties. There are several ways to reduce recoil force.

The use of so-called muzzle brake - a deflector device mounted on the barrel of a firearm in the muzzle region, allows you to deflect part of the flow of powder gases in the reverse direction of fire, thereby reducing recoil force when fired (see the description of domestic armored vehicles, for example, IS-1, ISU-152 )

The most widely used constructions are those that reduce the reaction force (but not the momentum of force) during firing due to the deformation of the return springs, which are affected by the reactive moving module of the weapon (for example, the barrel of the gun, the automatic shutter). At the same time, the recoil energy is not dissipated in the phase of rollback of the mobile module and, in the best case, in the phase of the return (roll) of the mobile module to its original position, it is only partially used in automatic (relatively low-power) firearms for reloading purposes. In large-caliber, powerful artillery systems, the recoil energy perceived during firing, spent on deforming the return spring and significantly exceeding the necessary energy to restore the initial position of the weapon parts after firing the shot (the barrel roll-up phase), is dissipated in a special hydromechanical throttle device mechanically connected to the barrel, - t .n. knurled, filled with high viscosity fluid, smoothly returning the gun barrel to its original position.

Both mentioned constructions (see, for example, illustrations in E. Middel-Dorf “Russian Campaign: Tactics and Weapons”; M .: ACT. St. Petersburg, Polygon; 2002, UDC 355/359, BBK63.3 (0) 62 , M57) have a number of disadvantages that limit their use.

The first design, in addition to increasing the mass of weapons, increases the length of the barrel without increasing the initial speed of the bullet (projectile). Its effectiveness, due to the deviation of only a small part of the flow of powder gases, is insignificant and most often it is used as an auxiliary.

The second design is more effective and widely used in practice, but its implementation leads to a very substantial (depending on the power of the weapon) increase in the overall dimensions of the artillery systems, and due to its complexity, to a decrease in the reliability of the weapon.

In addition, despite the use of both structures used, the excess recoil force significantly affects the ground on which the firearm is placed, knocking its aim on the target, and in the case of installing the weapon on a movable carrier, on the carrier’s structure, up to its engine stopping during firing in move.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the level of dynamic effects on structural elements of firearms and the carrier of such weapons when firing, reducing its overall dimensions and increasing reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the kinetic energy of recoil, perceived when fired by the moving part of the weapon, is converted when it moves in the opposite direction to the direction of fire, into the potential energy of the return unit in the form of a complex of shaped movable spacers and deformable return springs arranged in such a way that the main force of their reaction is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the trajectory of the moving part of the weapon. A smaller part of the reaction force of the return spring complex acts in the opposite direction to the movement of the movable part of the weapon until it reaches the travel limiter (back stop). This part of the potential energy of the deformed return springs, accumulated in the rollback phase, in the phase of the reverse movement (roll) of the moving part of the weapon restores its original position on the front stop with the possibility of automatic reloading of the weapon.

The technical essence of the device is illustrated in the drawing.

In the housing 1 (cradle, bolt box) along the guides 2 from the front stop 3, the movable part 4 of the weapon (locked barrel, free bolt) has freedom of reciprocating longitudinal movement between the front 3 and rear 5 stops. In the longitudinal grooves 6 of the movable part 4, profiled spacers 7, opposite to each other, are pivotally mounted on the housing 1, the inner working surfaces of which are constantly in contact with the rollers 8, mounted radially on the movable part 4 and having freedom of rotation around their axes. On the outer side of each of the spacers 7, connecting rods 9 are pivotally mounted, the opposite ends of which are pivotally connected to the tips of the opposing leaf return springs (springs) 10, cantileverly mounted on the housing 1. The springs 10 form, together with the housing 1, the spacers 7 and the connecting rods 9, the articulated links . To simplify the drawing, the lower articulated link is not fully depicted. In the initial position of the device, the movable part 4 of the weapon under the residual impact of the return springs 10 is on the front stop 3.

The device operates as follows. At the time of the shot, the movable part 4 of the weapon under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases moves along the guides 2 to the right (rollback phase). At the same time, the rollers 8 mounted on the movable part 4 roll along the profiled inner surfaces of the profiled spacers 7, displacing the spacers 7 up and down, respectively, from the initial position according to a given law. The movement of the spacers 7 by the connecting rods 9 is transmitted to the return springs 10, compressing them until the movable part 4 reaches the back stop 5. In this case, the kinetic energy of the impulse of the recoil force passes into the potential energy of the compressed return springs 10 under the action of forces P directed at any moment of movement of the movable part 4 according to the normals relative to the contact points between the surfaces of the rollers 8 and the internal profiled surfaces of the spacers 7. The vertical projections Q of these forces are oriented in the device in question in opposite directions and at any position of the movable part 4, they parry each other, loading the housing 1. The axial projection R of the force P (pullback force) can be set in magnitude for any position of the movable part 4 at the design stage of the device by selecting the stiffness of the return springs 10 and the shape of the inner the working surface of the profiled spacers 7. The parallelogram of the forces in the rollback phase is shown in the drawing at point B of the contact of the upper profiled spacer 7 and the upper roller 8. When the movable part 4 reaches the rear stop 5, the phase from ata finishes, the potential energy of the compressed return spring 10 reaches a maximum value, and the apparatus after the residual perception of the projected pulse rollback rolling passes in phase. Part of the potential energy of the springs 10 passes into the kinetic energy of movement of the movable part 4 in the opposite direction to the stop 3 under the action of the axial component -R of the force -P. The main part of the potential energy of the recoil force pulse accumulated by the return springs 10 during the shot is spent in the rolling phase to restore the original shape of the return springs 10 without affecting the dynamics of the moving part of the weapon. The parallelogram of the forces in the rolling phase is shown in the drawing with reference to the contact point C of the lower profiled spacer 7 and the lower roller 8.

Implementation of the proposed design of the recoil device will reduce the dynamic load of the recoil during firing, weight and size characteristics of the firearm and its carrier, increase its reliability and combat properties, in particular, firing accuracy.

Claims (1)

A recoil device of a firearm containing a body with longitudinal guides along which the movable part of the weapon is located with the possibility of reciprocating movement between the front and rear mechanical stops, as well as having constant contact with the body and the moving part of the weapon, a movable return unit mounted on the body parts of the weapon in the position of the front mechanical stop, characterized in that the return unit contains return springs that absorb radial and axial forces, n and the movable part of the weapon is radially strengthened by contact rollers, made with the possibility of rotation around their axes and in constant contact with profiled spacers associated with the springs of the return unit and with the housing.