RU2309201C1 - Apparatus for forming of bast-fiber crop stalk layer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has dosing device, stalk layer thinning mechanism, sensor and regulator for regulating rotational velocity of toothed disk, said regulator being positioned downstream of stalk layer thinning mechanism. Regulator comprises dosing and receptacle disks, immovable and movable slides. Movable slide is connected to system for automatic controlling velocities of working tools positioned in the course of advancement of material up to said regulator.

EFFECT: increased yield of long fiber owing to providing uniform density of stalk layer before it is subjected to mechanical processing.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast crops, in particular flax, and can be used to obtain flax fiber.

It is known that the effectiveness of the technological processes of mashing and beating carried out on mulch-bogging aggregates (MTA) depends on the size of the unevenness in the density of the stalk layer formed on the layer-forming machines (SM). The higher the unevenness of the formed layer, the more uneven the processes of wrinkling and scuffing occur, which ultimately increases the percentage of unfinished fiber (flaw) and reduces the yield of long fiber.

Existing and practically used devices for reducing the unevenness of the stalk layer during layer formation are aimed at creating a constant density of stems in the first part of the SM.

Known devices for forming a uniform density of the layer of stems due to the use in the first parts of all known brands of SM metering mechanisms. These devices are implemented through the use of metering and receiving gear discs [1]. Moreover, in the working area between the metering and receiving discs, due to the drive of the first through the clutch of the limiting moment, a constant density of the stem material is ensured.

A device is also known for controlling the linear density of the bast layer, in which, with the aim of increasing the accuracy of regulation by synchronizing the capacities of the dispenser and the sinking mechanism, it is equipped with a speed sensor of gear disks and a speed controller of the drive of the sinking mechanism, with an input connected to the output of the speed sensor [2] .

This device in its technical essence is closest to the claimed one and can be considered as a prototype.

A disadvantage of the known devices is that in the process of sloughing in layering mechanisms of all types due to both the heterogeneity of the bonding forces between individual stems and groups of stalks, and the nature of the process of layering (stretching), the unevenness of the resulting layer after layering is increased.

The inventive device provides the formation of a uniform density of the stalk layer of the linen trusts precisely after its thinning, i.e. immediately before the skewing device (if it is part of the SM) or in front of the MTA grinding machine. In the prototype, we are talking about leveling the layer in density in the gap between the metering discs and the layering mechanism, and not after it.

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the yield of long fibers by creating a uniform density layer of stems before machining.

The technical result, which consists in eliminating these drawbacks in a device for forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, containing a dispenser, a layering mechanism, a sensor and a speed controller of the rotation of the gear discs, is achieved by the fact that the regulator is installed after the layering mechanism and includes a metering and receiving discs, stationary and movable runners, the last of which is associated with a system for automatically controlling the speed of all working bodies of the device located along the material path to regulator.

The drawing schematically shows a diagram of a device for forming a layer of stems trusts of bast crops.

The device contains a guide plate 2, metering 3, receiving 4 discs (discs 3 and 4 act as a dispenser) and a slugging mechanism, including siphoning discs 5 and 6, as well as a speed controller for the rotation of the gear disks, which includes the metering disc 7, fixed 8 and movable runway 9, a sensor 10 for measuring the density of the layer of stems between the runners and the receiving disk 11.

The device operates as follows. The manually formed layer of stems, sliding along the guide plates 2, passes through a dispenser consisting of metering 3 and receiving 4 discs, through a sinking mechanism (shedding discs 5 and 6), after which the layer enters the regulator, where it is captured by the teeth of the metering disk 7 and compacted to the desired density in the channel between the fixed 8 and moving 9 skids. If the specified density of the material is exceeded in the channel, the tangential forces acting on the material side of the teeth of the disk increase, and thanks to the drive through the limit torque coupling, it slows down the rotation speed, thereby reducing the supply of stems to the channel. If the density of the material in the channel decreases below a predetermined value, the rotation resistance of the metering disk 7 decreases and it increases the rotation speed by supplying additional portions of stems to the channel.

To prevent excessive accumulation of stems in front of the metering disk 7 or their lack, i.e. to ensure a stalk flow stationary in productivity, all SM working bodies located up to a given regulator (in the direction of movement of the material) are set in motion through a device for smoothly controlling their speed, consisting, for example, of a converter, a signal amplifier, and one of the known types of actuators for stepless speed control: electric motor with adjustable speed; adjustable hydraulic drive; speed variator etc. (automatic speed control system), which is controlled by the signal of the sensor 10 associated with the movable slide 9.

The stems sealed in the channel are continuously selected by the receiving gear disk 11, rotating at a constant speed, and transferred to the SM mowing device or to the MTA grinding machine. The height of the channel between the fixed and movable runners, the maximum torque transmitted by the coupling to the metering disk, and the nominal speed of the working bodies are set depending on the material speed in the MTA grinding and bobbing machines and their productivity, and the function of regulating the speed of the working bodies located before the controller, - by the volume of material in the channel between the runners 8 and 9.

Information sources

1. Directory of factory primary processing of flax. / Under the general editorship of V. Khramtsov. - M., 1984.

2. Copyright certificate SU No. 1388474, DOB 1/32. A device for regulating the linear density of the layer of bast stalks / Krivoruchko V.A. and etc.; 1988. - Bull. Number 14.

Claims (1)

A device for forming a layer of stalks of bast crops, including a dispenser, a layering mechanism, a sensor and a speed regulator of the gear discs, characterized in that the regulator is installed after the layering mechanism and includes a metering and receiving discs, fixed and movable skids, the last of which is associated with a system for automatically controlling the speed of all the working bodies of the device located along the path of the material to this controller.