RU2308820C1 - Wave length packing device (variants) and automatic optical telephone exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communications engineering, possible use for electric communication via fiber-optic lines, which may be used for ultra-tight packing of large groups of short-distance and long-distance lines.

SUBSTANCE: first variant of packing device comprises shuttle loop optical route, on several multiply used prisms. It is meant for packing with wave length step from λ=1 to λ=0.1 nanometer or for large number of fiber-optic lines for city scale automatic telephone exchanges and long distance mains, or for terminals and multiplexers of client access systems. In accordance to the second variant, device comprises two or more cascades with shuttle loop optical route, possible use for packing with wave length step of λ=0.01 nanometer order. With wave length resolution of hundredth parts of nanometer both variants require only micrometric manufacturing precision. Automatic optical telephone exchanges contain, common either for all or for large line groups, multi-linear packing devices and multi-cascade commutation system composed of repeated optical connectors, which are connected by multi-point inter-cascade screens instead of immense number of fiber-optic connections.

EFFECT: creation of simple packing devices.

3 cl, 8 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The proposed sealing devices relate to telecommunication technology on optical lines and can be used for ultra-dense sealing of large groups of urban and long-distance optical lines at wavelengths.

Optical Automatic Telephone Stations (PABX) relate to the field of urban and intercity broadband telephone, videotelephone or multimedia communications, via fiber optic lines compressed by wavelengths.

Modern wavelength-division multiplexing systems for fiber-optic lines from low-density WDM devices on interference filters to DWDM integrated modules (high-density densification with a wavelength step of 3.2-0.4 nanometers) on interference waveguide plates or spherical diffraction gratings are described in [1].

Known sealing devices WDM and DWDM have the following disadvantages:

- one device seals only one line, and when using known devices in optical exchanges or multi-fiber cable trunking, it is necessary to have NL sealing devices for NL≫1 lines;

- for known systems, manufacturing accuracy in hundredths of a nanometer is required, which significantly increases their cost and complicates obtaining resolution with a wavelength of less than 0.4 nanometers.

Electronic functional analogs of OATS are known - digital ISDN automatic telephone exchanges [2], which contain a digital spatially temporary switching system and a subscriber access system via compressed copper subscriber lines to digital terminals, providing each subscriber with two conversational B channels and D signaling channel. ISDN exchanges communicate with other exchanges and switching nodes via trunks, packed with 30 or more B channels and a common signaling channel.

ISDN ATC has the following disadvantages:

- for each fiber-optic subscriber and trunk line in the terminal and on the ATC, a separate device for converting electrical signals into optical and vice versa into electric ones is necessary;

- ISDN ATCs switch standard B channels with a transmission speed of 64 kbit per second and for only a small number of subscribers the N × B channel, where 1 <N <30, which is not enough today for high-quality video communications and large streams of multimedia information.

Known broadband multi-stage optical spatial switching system of S multiple optical connectors [3]. This switching system will be used in the PBX, because it will allow the creation of stations from small to large capacity with a small amount of equipment.

The disadvantage of the switching system [3] is that without additional selectors and channel multiplexers it cannot interact with packed lines.

The prototype of the proposed sealing devices is a device on a dispersion element, which may be a prism or a diffraction grating [4], installed between the optical linear end and several sources and / or receivers of uncompressed signals.

The prototype of the sealing device has the following disadvantages:

- sealing of only one line;

- resolution along the wavelength is much less than that of DWDM.

The prototype of an optical ATC is an optical switching station [5] with M input and output lines sealed with N waves, containing M selectors and multiplexers of N waves, N switching systems with M inputs and M outputs and a control device for the switching station.

The prototype when used in OATS with M = 50-2000 lines, densified N = 50-100 waves, has the following disadvantages:

- the prototype contains M separate for each line of selectors and multiplexers of N waves, the manufacture of which requires expensive technology with precision in hundredths of a nanometer,

- the prototype contains N main switching systems connected by M × N fiber circuits with selectors and multiplexers, which significantly increases the amount of equipment, complicates installation and increases the cost of the switching station.

The purpose of the proposed technical solutions is:

- creation of simple wavelength-division multiplexing devices for a large number of fiber-optic trunk lines with a resolution greater than that of DWDM, for PBXs, multi-line city and intercity trunk lines, as well as for one or more subscriber lines and subscriber access systems;

- creation of a sealing device with simple tuning to any range from visible to infrared waves and to any wavelength in this range;

- the creation of a sealing device, with significantly lower requirements for the accuracy of its manufacture than DWDM;

- creation of optical automatic telephone exchanges (OATS) for broadband city and intercity communication with spatial switching of channels from fiber-optic lines compressed by wavelengths;

- the creation of an OATS, the "conversation path" of which consists of only one switching system with multiple optical connectors and multi-line sealing devices connected instead of fiber-optic communications by multipoint light-conducting screens;

- creation of PBXs associated with subscriber terminals with an optical subscriber access system on low-linear wavelength-division multiplexers with a resolution greater than that of DWDM;

- creation of automatic telephone exchanges with sealing devices with significantly lower requirements for the accuracy of its manufacture than DWDM.

The technical result of the proposed solutions will be:

- the creation of simple wavelength-division multiplexing devices, either multi-linear for OATS, city and intercity highways, with a larger number of frequency channels than DWDM, or small-linear for terminals and multiplexers of subscriber access systems,

- the creation of sealing devices with simple tuning to any optical range and any wave, as well as with significantly lower requirements for the accuracy of its manufacture;

- creation of an optical ISDN ATC, giving a broadband optical connection to a subscriber-subscriber, for urban and intercity telephone and video telephone communications via fiber-optic lines compressed by wavelengths;

- a significant reduction in the volume of equipment, dimensions and cost of the OATS, consisting of multi-line sealing devices and one switching system of large capacity on multiple optical connectors connected by multipoint light-conducting screens instead of fiber-optic communications;

- reducing the requirements for manufacturing accuracy and simplifying the production technology of OATS due to the simple three-dimensional design of multi-line and multiple devices and blocks of OATS.

The goal in the first version of the wavelength-density multiplexer for NL≥1 fiber-optic lines sealed with NW waves in the range λ1≤λi≤λ2 with a wavelength step (λ2-λ1) / NW is achieved by the fact that between two-dimensional arrays of optical terminations of ML lines and NL × NW station or subscriber ends, two mirrors with two-dimensional rasters of optical signal input / output openings are installed, in which the hole size is less than dd in linear and DD in station rasters, and a loop of P≥1 prisms, 1≤MS≤ is installed between these mirrors P masks and 0≤MR complement elliptical mirrors without holes closing a loop with a total angle of deviation of the light beam from one mirror with a raster to another 360 ° for a wave with a length λ (i), moreover, a mirror with station rasters is installed either parallel to a linear one or at MR = 0 at an angle φ, to which the prisms deflect the beam for a wave with a length of λ (i), and the holes are arranged in groups of G = GH × GV≥1 holes in the GH columns and GV rows in the linear raster and in the GH columns and GV × NW rows in the station raster in steps between the holes in the group, respectively, dd and DD, in addition, for loops with optical lengths oh L mirrors with rasters are mounted to light beams at a small angle α = ± arctan (dd × GH / 2 × L) along the H coordinate, or α = ± arctan (NW × GV × dd / 2 × L) along the V coordinate, and the holes of the station raster are shifted from the corresponding ones in the linear raster either by DD × GH × KW no coordinate Н, or by DD × GV × NW × KW along coordinate V, where KW is the number of turns of light in the loop from the inequality

in which Δn is the difference in the refractive indices of adjacent waves, β is the refractive angle of the prisms and Δl is the distance between the prisms, and in addition, the masks have NL holes, the width and length of the holes from dd for the mask closest to the line endings raster to DD, and NW × DD - for station terminations closest to the raster.

Moreover, between the prisms in the loop with optical length L, an optical system is installed from one or several lenses with focal lengths LL to the linear and LE to the station raster, which provide a focused image of each raster on the other, and in addition to the lenses, the optical system may contain an inverting prism, in addition, for dd ≠ DD, to resize the images, either LL / dd = LE / DD, or one or more mirrors are rotated from the linear raster by the total angle αd≥2 × (dd-DD) / (KW + 1) × KW × L in the coordinate coinciding with angle α.

In addition, the compaction device for upper subscriber access multiplexers consists of only two mirrors with hole patterns for the optical terminations of NLA≥1 station lines, sealed with NW waves, and NLA × NA subscriber lines, sealed with NWA = NW / NA waves, and the ends are installed for all or part of the holes at an angle α = ± arctan (dd / 2 × L) to the mirrors in the coordinate H, where dd is greater than the diameter of the holes of the linear ends and L is the optical length of the distance between the mirrors, and P≥1 prisms are installed between the mirrors, and the mirrors angled φ to each other, to which a light beam with a wavelength λi is deflected along the V coordinate of the prism, in addition, NLA linear holes are placed at the H coordinate in increments of DD × KW or dd × KW, and the subscriber holes are offset along H by ddxKW or DD × KW from the station holes and placed along the V coordinate with a step DD, where KW is the number of light passages between the mirrors due to inequality

a Δn is the difference in the refractive indices of adjacent waves, β is the refractive angle of the prisms, and Δl is the distance between the prisms, with DD equal to or greater than the vertical size of the optical ends, and the vertical size of the mirrors must be greater than DD × NW / NA.

Moreover, the sealing device for terminal subscriber access multiplexers consists of only two mirrors with hole patterns for the optical ends of NLA≥1 station lines sealed by NWA waves and NLA × NWA subscriber lines, the ends of which are installed at all or part of the holes at an angle α = ± arctg (dd / 2 × L) to the mirrors along the N coordinate, where dd is larger than the diameter of the openings for linear ends and L is the optical length of the distance between the mirrors, in addition, P≥1 prisms are installed between the mirrors, and the mirrors are installed at an angle φ to each other, on the cat A prism coordinate V of the prism deflects a light beam with a wavelength of λi, in addition, NLA of linear holes are arranged in coordinate Н with a step dd × KW or DD × KW, and subscriber holes are offset from linear in Н by a distance of dd × KW or DD × KW and placed along the V coordinate with a step DD, where KW is the number of passes of light between the mirrors from the inequality

a Δn is the difference in the refractive indices of adjacent waves, β is the refractive angle of the prisms and Δl is the distance between the prisms, and DD is equal to or greater than the size of the endings, in addition, the vertical size of the mirrors must be larger than DD × NWA.

The goal in the second version of the wavelength-density multiplexer for NL≫1 fiber optic lines compressed by NW waves in the λ1≤λi≤λ2 range is achieved by the fact that it consists of two or more series-connected cascades — densification devices according to the first embodiment, in each of which the direction of light deflection by the prisms is perpendicular to the previous one and / or the sign of the angle and is opposite to the previous one, the first and cascades coinciding with it in the direction of the prisms divide the spectrum into NH groups by NW / NH waves along the H coordinate, and the cascades into whose direction of the prisms is perpendicular to the first cascade, each group is divided along the V coordinate, in addition, in these cascades one or more mirrors should consist of fragments with an angle of inclination that changes either smoothly for each line or stepwise for a group of lines, so that the angle in the loop deviations for waves with the same number in all NH groups was 360 °.

The goal in an optical automatic telephone exchange, to which subscriber terminals and connecting lines of other automatic telephone exchanges are connected via fiber-optic lines densified by wavelengths, and an optical spatial switching system is installed between the optical ends of the lines, is achieved by the NGLA of the groups of optical ends of the direction lines A → B placed in two-dimensional arrays on NGLA optical crosses, of which NGLA-NGLO arrays are optically coupled to the input of their multi-linear first or second variant of the compaction device - selector to analogs directly, and the rest - through the NGLO input blocks of multi-line multiplexers of single-fiber lines, and the channel selector i has NL (i) inputs from NL (i) endings and NL (i) × NW (i) outputs, which are through a multi-line imager-adder station rasters of NGLA selectors are optically connected to the NC inputs of the spatial switching system, consisting of S series-connected multiple optical connectors, and NGLB groups of its outputs are optically connected through a multi-line shaper splitter with inputs of NGLB linear multiplexers of channel compaction devices of the first or second variant, the outputs of which are optically coupled to NGLO output blocks of single-fiber line multiplexers and to NGLB-NGLO by two-dimensional arrays of linear terminations of the direction B → A located on optical crosses, and the channel multiplexer with number j has NL ( j) × NW (j) inputs and NL (j) outputs to the NL (j) ends of its array, with NL and / or NW different for different crosses.

In addition, in an optical automatic telephone exchange, a multi-line multiplexer of single-fiber lines contains an input unit with a beam splitter, a light guide system from several lenses and an output block with a mirror, and a beam splitter either a translucent mirror or a cube prism with double refraction or similar elements, in addition, double focal the distance of the light guide system is equal to the optical path length on one side through the beam splitter to the center of the array of linear endings of directions A → B or B → A, on the other - through the mirror, respectively, to the center of the raster of the linear openings of the channel multiplexer, and the number of lenses and the distances between them in the light guide system should be sufficient to transmit an inverted image with an unchanged scale, and the multiplexer transmits direction signals A → B and B → A to line i at different waves, for which the positions of the outputs of the switching system for i do not coincide with its inputs.

Moreover, in an optical automatic telephone exchange, subscriber terminals are connected to line terminations through a multi-level subscriber access system of a tree structure consisting of K sequentially connected subscriber access multiplexers on compression devices with only two mirrors, and the multiplexers of the upper levels i <K contain for each line levels i≥1 packed by NW (i) or fewer waves of NA (i) terminations of lines of level i + 1, packed by NW (i + 1) ≤NW (i) / NA (i) by waves, and terminal multiplexers of level K for each line with NW ( K) the waves contain either NW (K) optical or electro-optical terminations for terminals without compaction devices, or NA (K) terminations with NW (K) / NA (K) waves for terminals with compaction devices, the wavelength in the multiplexers being determined by the angle between the mirrors.

In addition, each terminal of an optical telephone exchange contains a synchronization and exchange unit on the D channel, delay units for receiving and transmitting “talk” channels controlled on the D channel by the OATS control device, and for packed lines, it contains a terminal multiplexer for NW (K) / NA (K ) waves.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the optical path of the first embodiment of the sealing device.

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the optical path of the sealing device.

Figure 3 shows a vertical section of the optical path of the sealing device with an internal optical system.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section of an annular loop and the elements of the second embodiment of the sealing device.

Figure 5 shows the vertical and horizontal sections of the sealing device for subscriber access and subscriber terminals.

Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an optical exchange.

Figure 7 shows a vertical section of imaging devices.

On Fig shows a block diagram of an optical subscriber access system.

Table 1 shows the dependence of the number of turns in the loop of the compaction device on the number of prisms and the step along the wavelength.

Table 2 shows the dependence of the number of lines and channels on the step along the wavelength, size and number of prisms.

Table 3 shows the dependence of the number of turns on the number of prisms and on the size of subscriber endings.

Table 4 shows the parameters of switching systems.

Note: in the figures, the designations of the elements consist of two parts, the first digit is the number of the figure, and the next is the number of the element, which coincides in figures 1-5 containing it, and in figures 6-7.

The application proposes two options for wavelength-division multiplexers designed to build multi-line selectors and channel multiplexers in NL optical lines, NW-compressed in optical PBXs, or small-line subscriber access multiplexers.

Figure 1-3 shows an example of a first embodiment of an optical design of a multi-line sealing device with a shuttle-loop optical path. Figure 1 shows a section of the device and a side view of the course of the rays of light vertically, and figure 2 is a section and a top view of the course of the rays horizontally. The structure of the optical path to simplify the description will be considered for thin parallel beams at its input.

The devices consist of two main mirrors 11 and 12, on which two-dimensional arrays of holes 13 are placed, for input / output of signals from line terminations and holes 14 for input / output of station signals.

For each of the NL lines sealed with NW waves, the mirror 11 contains one hole, and the mirror 12 contains NW holes. Moreover, the selector mirror 11 input, and for the multiplexer input mirror 12.

The optical path of the sealing device between the mirrors 11 and 12 contains a loop of P≥2 prisms 15 and 16, a pair of mirrors 19 for closing the optical path. Two prisms 15 direct light into a loop, which may contain from zero to (P-2) / 2 additional links. Each additional link of the loop contains 2 prisms 16 and mirrors 17 and 18.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a loop with two additional links containing six prisms, and a side view on the path of the optical signals from the input holes 13 to the output holes 14.

The light beam leaves the holes 13 or 14 almost perpendicular to the mirrors 11 and 12. In addition, the angle of light deviation in the prisms 15, 16 and the tilt of the mirrors 17-19 in the optical path are selected so that the total deviation of the optical signals for one wave from the operating range is 360 ° and forms a closed loop in which the optical signals are shuttled between the mirrors 11 and 12.

The holes of the linear endings on the mirror 11 are placed horizontally, and the holes for the station endings on the mirror 12 are respectively vertical.

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the device and a top view of the optical signals from an array of linear endings from 4 holes 23 to holes 24, deflected by a small angle α by prisms 213 and 214 between the mirrors 21 and 22 (similar to 11-14 in FIG. .one).

A path at an angle α can be created, except for prisms 213 and 214, either by turning the mirrors 21 and 22, or by turning the entire path.

At each passage from mirror 11 (21), along a loop with an optical length L, a light ray with a diameter smaller is again towards it, for example, dd is shifted horizontally by dd, for an angle equal to:

Due to a shift in the loop, the optical signals repeatedly pass through the prisms 15 and 16 between the mirrors 11 and 12 KW times through the shuttle. Moreover, due to a shift in two turns, the light does not enter the hole 13. The number of turns KW is determined by the horizontal shift of the holes 14 from their respective 13. In FIGS. 1 and 2, KW = 3.

The vertical path of the signals, for example, with an average wavelength with a deflection angle of 360 ° is repeated at each turn, for signals with a maximum wavelength deviated by prisms less (upper beam in Fig. 1), and for signals with a minimum wavelength deviated more (lower beam), and the deviation increases with each turn.

The holes 13 form two-dimensional rasters consisting of either NL holes on the mirror 11 and NL × NW holes on the mirror 12, or NL / G groups of holes on the mirror 11 for G holes in the group and NL / G groups of holes on the mirror 12 for G × NW holes in the group. In the raster on the mirror 11 NL of the individual holes 13 are placed, for example, horizontally with a step of dd × KW and vertically with a step of dd × NW. NW holes 14 are shifted horizontally by DD × KW from their corresponding holes 13 and are placed with a step DDxKW, and vertically with a step DD.

In addition to the twisted loop, figure 4 shows an example of a loop in which additional prisms 16 are placed, for example, in a half ring. For a loop with a half ring of prisms 16, their number is limited by a deflection angle of 360 °.

For fused silica glass in the range 1.5–1.6 μm, the refractive index is n = 1.444179 [7], and the deflection angle in one turn ψ≈360 ° is achieved at 14 prisms with a refractive angle β = 0.5 radians, and for β = 1 at 8 prisms. In a twisted loop, the number of prisms can be more than 14 by adding links when choosing an appropriate angle for mirrors 17 and 18. In a loop without additional links, the number of prisms can be reduced to two.

Between the prisms, l≤M≤P masks can be installed to adjust the required wavelength range NW and to improve the filtering of optical signals, one of the masks being the outlet openings 11 or 14.

In Fig. 1, masks are not shown to simplify the drawing, and Fig. 2 shows a fragment of a view of the openings of the masks 211 mounted on the mirrors 21 (11) and 212 on the mirror 22 (12).

At each turn, masks block the path of optical signals with wavelengths above and below the operating range. Masks contain for each inlet 13 either KW holes or one step-shaped hole with KW steps.

In masks for holes from the nearest to the input to the nearest to the output, the width of the holes varies from dd to DD, respectively, and the height of the holes from DD to DD × NW or DD × GV × NW in groups.

For figures 1 and 2, parallel or slightly divergent beams are required. Figure 3 shows a modification of the circuit of figure 1 for diverging rays and their progress on one turn. Instead of mirrors 19, an optical system from an inverting prism 310 and lenses 39 is included in the optical path.

Lenses 39 should have double focal lengths equal to the optical path length to them towards the mirrors 31 and 32 (11 and 12). In this case, the image focused on the mirror 31, the lenses 39 will focus on the mirror 32 and vice versa, and between the lenses 39 the axis of the light rays are parallel. The lenses 39 rotate the image in two coordinates, and the prism 310 compensates for the vertical flip at each turn. The horizontal flip is compensated by a double passage through the lenses.

The sources of optical signals for channel multiplexers are multipoint image intensifiers, or semiconductor arrays with LED outputs, or phosphor points of electron-optical converters with an emission band of 50-100 nanometers.

The multiplexer combines each group of NW station LED outputs in the openings 14 into one of the NL openings 13. For each LED on the KW turns of the prism, it splits the spectrum into a number of wave components and reject them at distances sufficient for summing at the output 13.

From the upper of the NW holes 14, the wave with the shortest length passes through the hole 13, and for the lower hole 14 the wave with the longest length.

Evaluate the capabilities and determine the parameters of compaction devices with a shuttle-loop optical path with KW turns for lines sealed with NW waves, with a dd pitch between inlet openings 13 and DD between outlet openings 14, for an equal distance between prisms Δl, in the following way.

In Fig. 1, when passing through the first prism, the optical signals of neighboring waves will diverge by an angle Δφ, and at a distance Δl the signal deviation will be d (1) = Δφ × Δl. After the second prism, the angle will double, and before the third prism, the deviation will be d (2) = d (1) + 2 × Δφ × Δl. After passing through the P prisms, the signal deviation angle will increase to P × Δφ, and the deviation to d (P) = d (P-1) + P × Δφ × Δl, i.e., the signal deviation for neighboring waves increases as the sum of the arithmetic progression terms.

At each turn, the optical signals pass through P prisms along a path of length P × Δl, and with the number of turns KW, the optical signals pass P × KW prisms, but since the first prism gives a small deviation in the first turn, therefore, the value (P × KW -1) and the signals deviate from each other by a distance Δφ × Δl × (P × KW-1) × P × KW × Δl / 2, sufficient for their reliable separation.

One prism with a refractive index n and a refractive angle β deflects the optical signals by an angle φ from the equation described in [6]:

For a small angle β≤π / 6 sinx≈x and the expression for φ is simplified

For the difference in the refractive index of neighboring waves Δn, the difference in the deviation of the rays of neighboring waves in the prism is Δφ.

In the device with P prisms and the gap between the prisms Δl, the number of turns KW can be found from inequality (2), and the angle α from expression (3).

Here Δn × β = Δφ and L is the optical path length between the mirrors 11 and 12.

For a smooth transition from step dd to DD in a loop with optical lengths L and KW turns, it is sufficient to rotate horizontally a small angle αd one of the mirrors 17-19 (37-39) or 52 relative to the mirrors 11, 31 or 51.

Each hole 13 corresponds to the area KW × DD × NW occupied on the mirror 12. For the area of the working area of the prism SP, the number of lines NL sealed by NW channels is determined by the expression

In the first embodiment of the sealing device (FIGS. 1-3), the placement of the holes of the linear raster with a constant pitch leads to the placement of the holes of the station raster in vertical or horizontal lines with large gaps.

The use of such placement in optical exchanges will require complex additional devices - image converters of sealing devices. Image converters will be simpler or not needed at all when placing holes in linear rasters with two-dimensional groups.

From NL = NLH × NLV holes on the mirror 11, rasters can be formed from two-dimensional groups of holes 13 along G = GH × GV holes in the group. Where MLH is the number of holes, for example, horizontally and NLV vertically, and GH is the number of holes in the group horizontally and GV vertically, and in each group the holes 13 are placed with a step dd between the holes in both coordinates. On the mirror 12, each group of holes 13 corresponds to a group of G × NW holes 14 containing GH holes horizontally and GV × NW vertically with a step DD between holes in the group at both coordinates.

In two-dimensional rasters of NL / G of two-dimensional groups on the mirror 11, the centers of each group of GH holes 13 are arranged, for example, horizontally with a step of GH × dd × KW and vertically with a step of GV × dd × NW. The group of holes 14 is horizontally shifted by GH × DD × KW from the corresponding holes 23 and is placed with a step not less than GHxDDxKW, and in a different coordinate with a step of GV × DD × NW.

With this arrangement in a device with P prisms, the number of turns KW can be found from inequality (5), and the angle α from expression (6).

For an optical path with an annular loop, the distances between prisms Δl can be chosen arbitrarily, and for a twisted loop, the distances between the centers of the mirrors 11, 12 and 17, 18 must be greater than the height of the mirrors LV = GV × DD × NW. This is achieved when the distance between the prisms Δl is not less than the expression

Expressions (2) and (5) for KW coincide at GV = 1, and at GH = KW they will give the most optimal placement of holes in 14 square groups. For urban OATS with lines without fiber amplifiers, the range of 1.5-1.6 μm can be used half or fully with the emission band of LED outputs 50-100 nm.

The possibilities of the first option are given in Table 1, which contains the number of turns KW, the number of waves NW, the height of the prisms LV, and the pitch DD close to 100 μm depending on the number of prisms P and without taking into account (7).

KW and DD are obtained from expression (2) for β = 0.5 and β = 1 radian, Δl = 0.1 meters, for Δλ = 1, Δλ = 0.1 and Δλ = 0.01 nm, for glass made of fused silica, in which the range 1.5- 1.6 μm, the refractive index is n = 1.444179 and Δn = 0.00001195 at 1 nm [7].

With inlets dd = 50 μm, a step DD close to 100 μm is necessary to reduce the effects of neighboring frequency channels.

The table shows that theoretically it is possible to obtain a resolution with Δλ = 0.01 nm and possibly more.

In real constructions, additional parameters will have to be taken into account, for example, for Δλ = 1, Δλ = 0.1 and Δλ = 0.01 nm in a range of width 50 μm, the number of waves NW will be 50, 500 and 5000, and with a step DD = 100 μm the height of the prisms will be more than 5 , 50 and 500 mm. In addition, the distance between the prisms Δ1 should be, according to expression (7), 5 times greater than the height of the prisms for β = 0.5 and 2.5 times larger for β = 1.

For Δλ≥0.1 nm, NW≤500 and Δl <5 × 50 mm, the first version of the device, even with two to four prisms, can seal a large number of lines in the AATS with a capacity from small to large.

For Δλ = 0.01 nm, the height of the prisms is 500 mm and Δl = 2500 mm are too large, but the second version of a multi-line compaction device will provide a resolution of up to NW = 5000 and more waves with significantly smaller sizes of prisms.

The second option is a multi-stage sealing device consists of 2 or more series-connected cascades - multi-line devices of figure 1-4.

In the first cascade, similar to the sealing device in Figs. 1-3, the placement of the prism loop is arbitrary, in the second and next cascades either the central plane of the loop is perpendicular to the loop of the previous cascade, or the direction of the angle α in the loop should be opposite to the loop of the previous cascade.

In a two-stage device, for each line packed by NW waves, the first stage with the number of turns KW (1) from expression (2) with the criterion DD × NW (1) / NW divides the signal spectrum into a continuous, for example, horizontal strip with a length of DD × NW (1) / Nw. Since NW (1) <NW signals of neighboring waves with a shift smaller than DD are superimposed on neighboring ones.

The second cascade with KW (2) from expression (2) with the DD criterion divides the line spectrum vertically into a rectangular spectrum with a width DD × NW (l) and a height DD × NWNW (1). In addition, each group of NW / NW (1) waves unfolds vertically and horizontally with a step DD.

The outlets of the previous stage in size and shape should coincide with the inlets for the next, and alternating prisms 211 and 212 shown in FIG. 2 should be installed between the stages to create angles α.

The optical path of the second and / or subsequent stages must contain at least in one loop the mirror 49 shown in Fig. 4 with a smoothly or stepwise varying angle of inclination.

Prisms differently deflect each of the NW (1) vertical wave groups. The group with the smallest wavelength - the lower one on the mirror 49 - deviates more, and the group with the largest length - the upper one on the mirror - deviates less, but the mirror 49 aligns them on the mirror 42 (12, 32).

In the two-stage second variant, for each line, the height of the working area of the prism decreases NW (1) times, and the width is DD × NW (1) × KW (2)

KW (2) can be reduced by √N times by connecting N-1 additional stages with KW = KW (2) / √N for the second and the following. Moreover, the direction of the loop for them, as in the second stage, and the direction of lateral displacement is opposite for each subsequent stage.

Table 2 shows the sizes of the prisms, Δl, KW, NLh, NLv, β and the number of NC channels with DD = 100 μm for the first variant with Δλ = 1 and Δλ = 0.1 nm and for the second two-stage variant with Δλ = 0.1 and Δλ = 0.01 nm.

For the second option, the first cascade divides the input signal into 20 and 50 wave groups, and the second one, each group into 25 and 100 waves for Δλ = 0.1 and Δλ = 0.01 nm.

The two variants of multi-line compaction devices described above are intended for station equipment, and for subscriber access systems and subscriber terminals, modifications of the first embodiment of the compaction device on one and two prisms are more convenient.

Figure 5 shows the vertical and horizontal sections of the device on two mirrors and one or more prisms. The device consists of two mirrors 51 and 52 with holes for linear 53 and subscriber endings 54 and prism 55, similar to 11-15. Line 513 and station 514 endings are located at holes 53 and 54 on the mirrors.

Figure 5 shows the course of light rays horizontally to the right and to the left vertically, in which the loop degenerates into a broken line. To shift the light horizontally, the linear end 513 is set at an angle α, for example, using a prism 515.

The ray path in FIG. 5 is shown for endings forming a thin, non-divergent beam. A termination device with a significant angular aperture should include an integrated optical system, such as the one shown in FIG. 3 from lens 39 and prism 310.

Mirrors 51 and 52 are mounted at a distance with an optical length L, and in addition, at a small angle φ to each other, by which the prism 55 deflects light from one of the wavelengths in the operating range of the device. For one prism with a refractive angle β = π / 6 = 30 ° and fused silica glass in the middle of the range 1.5–1.6 μm, the refractive index is n = 1.444179 [7], and for the edges of the range n = 1.444179 ± 0.000975. Moreover, the angle φ can be obtained from the above expression (0)

The devices of FIG. 5 can be used to split optical signals with NW waves into either N groups of NW / N waves or NW waves. In the first case, the holes on the subscriber raster must be rectangular or oval with a height DD and a width dd, while the device splits adjacent waves into DD / N, and in the second case, the holes can be round or rectangular.

Table 3, calculated by inequality (2), shows the number of KW turns in the path with an optical length of L = 10 centimeters and one (Fig. 5) or two (Figs. 1, 3) prisms for rectangular holes with DD = 1.0- 2.5 mm and dd = 0.1 mm, with a step along the wavelength Δλ = 1 and Δλ = 0.1 nm.

For subscriber access multiplexers dividing the input stream into N directions, the largest parameters are the thickness and area of the device S in the largest sizes.

The thickness of the device with one linear end and without increase is either T = KW × dd for rectangular holes, or TK = KW × DD for round holes.

In a device with an increase of K times for one linear end, the thickness is T = KW × DD, where KW is necessary for the step DD / K, and the height for both cases is N × DD.

The shuttle path with an almost rectangular shape of the coil and the optical loop length between the centers of the mirrors is 11, 12 L, the light passes between the mirrors almost 3 times, so the width is about L / 3, but the height is about 2 × N × DD, and the path area will be

For a device with one prism and distance L between the centers of the mirrors 51, 52, the height is half that of the loop device, the light passes through the prism 2 times and KW is the same with the loop option, so the area will be

Table 3, in addition to KW, shows the values of T and S for the optical path with one and two prisms, rectangular holes with dd = 0.1 mm, D = 1.0-2.5 mm, N = 15 and L = 10 centimeters.

From table 3 it can be seen that, depending on DD, the thickness of the optical path lies in the range from 3 to 14.5 mm, and the area from 15 to 37.5 cm square.

Such a device can be placed either in a small rectangular case, or on the interface card of a personal computer.

The devices in subscriber terminals and multiplexers are tuned to the required wavelength range by selecting the angle of inclination of mirrors 19 or 52 from 11 and 51, as well as by choosing the pattern of masks and rasters. Tuning to your own wave is carried out by moving to one of the possible positions of the source (LED) and receiver (photodiode).

For the edges of the range 1.5–1.6 μm, the difference in the refractive index of the fused silica prism is Δn = 0.00195. The choice of any subband will require a shift of the edge of the mirror less than DL, which for the length of the mirror, for example, LL = 50 mm and prisms with β = π / 6 can be obtained from the expression

For such a small bias, the adjustment can be done remotely by fixing the edges of the mirror 19 or 52 on piezoceramics, to which a voltage is applied, which varies depending on the required sub-range.

The goal is a higher resolution than in DWDM, as shown in table 2, is carried out even in the first embodiment of the compaction device, and the second option will give a resolution an order of magnitude greater than in DWDM, even with small sizes of prisms and distances between them.

The goal - the simplification of technology is achieved by the volumetric design and simplicity of the elements. When dividing adjacent waves by 50-100 μm, accuracy of the order of several micrometers will be required, and not subtle technologies with accuracy of the order of fractions of a nanometer - as in DWDM.

The goal is simplicity of tuning to any range is realized by choosing the tilt of one or more mirrors 17-19 in the device of figures 1 and 3, or by choosing the angle between the mirrors 51 and 52.

Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an optical telephone exchange (OATS) switching NC broadband channels with transmission speeds of 2-8 Mbit from subscriber video telephone and / or telephone TF terminals and other telephone exchanges connected via NL fiber-optic lines, divided into several groups with different numbers of waves and / or different numbers of fibers. The terminals are connected to the PBX via a subscriber access system containing either two-fiber lines with simplex transmission in each fiber, or single-fiber lines with duplex transmission of information of forward and reverse directions on different waves.

Figure 6 shows two groups of lines NL = NLS + NLD, of which NLS two-fiber lines, packed by NWS waves, and NLD single-fiber lines, packed by NWD waves.

An OATS consists of one or more input optical crosses 60 and one or more output optical crosses 62. Optical crosses are flat or hemispherical panels with two-dimensional arrays of holes, in the NL of which are placed the optical terminations of lines 63 and 64, as well as the electro-optical terminations 617 and 618.

The endings 63 and 64 are either focons, or green lenses, or microlenses, or similar elements.

Figure 6 shows the ends of the single-fiber lines 63 installed on the upper cross 60, as well as the receiving 63 and transmitting ends 64 of the two fiber lines installed on the lower crosses 60 and 62.

The ends are connected to the ends of the single-fiber lines 63, to the subscriber access system 65.

To the ends of the two fiber lines 63 and 64, either lines are connected to the subscriber access system 65, or connecting lines from other PBXs and / or optical nodes of the incoming / outgoing connections 66. In addition, sealed lines are connected to the crosses to multichannel reference and multimedia services, and also to service services, for example, for video conferencing.

In addition to optical lines, at the crosses of two-fiber lines, electro-optical terminations of connecting lines from electronic or electromechanical automatic telephone exchanges 616 and service departments can be installed, connected to the lines through matching devices 19. These terminations are LEDs 617 and photodiodes 618.

Between the crosses, multi-line selectors 67 and multiplexers 68 are mounted on wavelength-division multiplexers described above for FIGS. 1-4.

They can be common either for all NL lines, or for one or several groups of the same type of line, for example, NLS and / or NLD with a different number of channels compressed into one line.

Line ends 63 — sources of optical signals are connected to the inputs of selectors 67 by optical projection systems 611, which form a reduced image of sources on linear rasters of selectors. The outputs of the multiplexers 68 are connected to the optical signal receivers - linear ends 64 projection systems 612, which focus the enlarged output image of the multiplexers on the ends 64.

For single-fiber lines, the optical system 611 and the selector 67 in FIG. 6 and the output of multiplexer 68 are optically coupled by a multi-line multiplexer of single-fiber lines, which consists of an input unit with a beam splitting mirror or prism 613, an optical system 614, and an output unit with a mirror 615.

The optical system 614 focuses the output image of the multiplexer 68 through the mirrors 615, 613 and the optical system 611 at the linear ends of the cross 60 without changing the scale and position of the elements of the output image.

Between selectors 67 and multiplexers 68 a spatial optical switching system 69 is installed on S series-connected multiple optical connectors, which are described in [3].

Optical connectors are connected to each other by multipoint light-conducting screens, one side of each of which is an array of receivers for the previous cascade, and the other is an array of sources for the next. Some of the light-conducting screens are passive, for example, fiber optic washers or frosted glasses, and the other part is image brightness amplifiers, for example, either electron-optical converters with a phosphor of small afterglow, or semiconductor arrays with a phototransistor-LED type structure.

The outputs of all selectors 67 are optically connected to the inputs of the switching system by the shaper-adder 620, which combines the output images of the selectors and places their elements at the input of the switching system with a constant vertical and horizontal step.

The outputs of the switching system 69 is connected to the inputs of the multiplexers 68 by a shaper-splitter 621, which divides the array of outputs into groups of outputs and directs them to the inputs of the multiplexers.

The control outputs 622 of the program control device 610 are connected to the switching system. In addition, the device 610 has a group of optical or electrical outputs and inputs of the subscriber and inter-station signaling 623 and 624, the optical or electro-optical terminations 617 and 618 of which are mounted on the cross-sections of two-fiber lines.

Through these ends, sealing devices 67, 68 and switching system 69, the control device 610 can be connected to the D channels of the subscriber signaling and the common signaling channels of other exchanges or PBXs.

All video telephone TV and telephone TF terminals for OATS synchronous operation contain synchronization and exchange schemes on the D channel, as well as controlled delay circuits for transmitted and received "conversational information", which are controlled by the OATS 6410 program control device via D signaling channels.

For all single-fiber lines connected to the upper cross-link 60 in FIG. 6, the OATS contains a multi-line multiplexer, which consists of a beam splitter 613, an optical system 614, and a mirror 615.

The beam splitting element 613 can be, for example, either a translucent mirror or a cube prism with birefringence.

The multiplexer sends to the optical end 63 of each line the output optical signals of the multiplexer 68 for this line.

The optical system 614 consists of several lenses, for example, three, with the double focal lengths of the system ending on the left through the optical system 611 in the center of the cross 60 and on the right in the center of the output window of the selector 67. In addition, the lenses of the system 614 should be placed at such distances so that the scales of the input and output images are similar or equal.

For signals combined by multiplexer 613-615, the positions of the optical signals at the output of the selector 67 and at the input of the multiplexer 68 should be offset by a distance that the device 68 will combine along a wavelength in one line.

The beam splitter element of the multiplexer 613 can be installed either as shown in Fig.6, or between the output of the multiplexer 68 and the optical system 612, and the mirror 615 at the input of the selector 67, while the ends of the single-fiber lines will be on the cross 62.

Figure 7 shows a vertical section of the optical circuit of the shapers of the input and output images of the switching system. Between the outputs of the channel selectors 77 and the input of the switching system 79, there is a shaper-adder 720 consisting of several lens rasters 730, one raster for each selector. The lenses in the rasters are arranged so that the side optical axes of each lens [8] connect the center of their group of openings of the station raster with the center of the inputs of the switching system 79 corresponding to them.

Between the outputs of the switching system 79 and the inputs of the multiplexers of the channels 78 there is a shaper-splitter 721 that divides the image of several groups of outputs of the system 79 with lens rasters 730 into the corresponding groups of inputs of the multiplexers 78.

To reduce light losses, prisms or rasters of prisms 731 are placed at the output and input rasters of the openings of devices 77 and 78, containing one prism for each group of holes, and prisms or rasters of prisms 732 are placed at the inputs and outputs of the switching system. Prisms 731 and 732 deflect rays light from light sources to lenses 730.

Instead of prisms 731 and 732, rasters of square or rectangular lens fragments can be installed in which the optical center of each lens is offset so that its secondary optical axis coincides with the secondary axis of the lenses 730.

FIG. 8 is an optical block diagram of a multi-level tree-based subscriber access system in which fiber optic lines are densified with NW or fewer broadband channels. From the 80 optical terminations 88 located on the cross, the 88 lines are branched into a tree structure by cascading the optical trunk multiplexers 83, containing either a sealing device with a shuttle-loop path (Figs. 1-3) without additional links, or a sealing device on one prism in Fig. 5 .

To the subscriber outputs of the multiplexers 83, small groups of multiplexers 83 and / or terminal subscriber access multiplexers 84, 85 are connected. Multiplexers 83 divides the NW stream into several wave groups, for example, the first to K1 wave groups, the second splits the NW / K1 wave stream to K2 and then to terminal multiplexers 84, 85 and coupler chains 87 or terminals 86 with a compression terminal device, with multiplexers 83-85 sharing wave streams with almost no loss of signal power. For subscriber terminals it is advisable to use the device on one prism.

In the multiplexer devices for subscriber access, linear ends and / or electro-optical converters are located at the holes on the main mirrors 11 (51) and 12 (52).

Line ends can be either green lenses, or focons, or polished ends of an optical fiber with an internal diameter of 0.05 to 2.5 mm.

In multiplexers 83 and 85, optical terminations of lines are installed on the openings of subscriber rasters of compaction devices, and in multiplexers 84 are electro-optical converters-LEDs and photodiodes, to which electronic interface circuits are connected.

Telephone or video telephone terminals 81 and 86 with an optical interface and / or terminals 82 with an electrical interface can be connected to the PBX.

Terminals 81 are connected to multiplexers 85 and contain only electro-optical converters-LEDs and photodiodes.

Terminals 82 are connected to multiplexers 84 over twisted pairs.

Terminals 86 comprise a sealing terminal device on one prism and are connected to multiplexers 83 either directly or through passive coupler chains 87. The couplers introduce power losses that limit the number of terminals or line lengths and can be used in terminal wiring in a house or entrance.

The OATS provides each terminal D with a synchronization channel and several “talk and multimedia” channels either along several lines from multiplexers 84 and 85, or along one line from multiplexers 83. For each terminal 86, a separate input / output of the D channel is allocated in the switching system, and for terminals 81 and 82 are either separate or one common to the multiplexer 84 and 85, while the D channel branches out in the multiplexers.

Switching system OATS 69 (Fig.6) is described in [3] and consists of S multiple optical connectors. The connector with number 1 in the range 1≤i≤S performs the functions K (i) of independent switching matrices with M (i) inputs and N (i) outputs in each matrix. The main switching element of the matrix system of optical keys on liquid crystals or ferroceramics.

All connectors are connected in series with passive light guide screens or multi-point image intensifiers. One side of the screen or amplifier at the input of the switching system or connector with number i is an array of optical signal receivers, and the other is an array of sources for the first or i + 1 connector.

As amplifiers, semiconductor arrays with a structure, for example, a phototransistor-LED, or electron-optical converters can be used.

Actual parameters of switching systems, for example, on indicator panels with 640 × 480 pixels are shown in Table 4 for one and four panels.

The table shows the values of K × M and M × N and shows two groups of parameters for one and four panels of optical keys. In each group, the total number of cascades S, the number of selecting cascades B, the number of mixing cascades C and D are the number of paths from each input to each output. Moreover, one cascade can partially fulfill the functions of a selector and a mixer.

The capacitance M × N of the switching matrices in the optical connector depends on the light loss in the connector and on the gain that the image intensifiers give.

Electron-optical converters with a microchannel plate give amplification from 50 to 500 times.

For gain 50 in the switching system, M × N values from 2 × 2 to 8 × 8 are possible, and for gain 500, values from 8 × 8 to 32 × 32 are possible.

A switching system based on multiple optical connectors, with the number of inputs / outputs shown in Table 4 above, covers the range of capacities of the PBX and optical switching nodes from small to large.

The subscriber terminals comprise an electro-optical or electronic interface unit or a subscriber multiplexer to which a channel block D is connected, one or more blocks of “talk or multimedia” channels, each of which contains subblocks of reception and transmission delays. In addition, the terminal contains a user interface to a computer, keyboard, display devices (monitor and / or TV), memory (VCR), video camera and other subscriber devices.

The OATS in FIG. 6 operates as follows. Fiber optic cross-connects 10 and 12 are connected by fiber-optic wavelength-sealed connecting lines from other exchanges, OATS and / or outgoing / incoming communication nodes and lines from subscriber terminals, through a subscriber access system 65.

In the subscriber access system, level 1 multiplexers 83 branch a signal of one line to N (i) = 5-15 lines with NW (i) / N (i) waves, at level i + 1 the signal of one line branches to N (i + 1) = 5-15 lines with NW (i) / N (i) × N (i + 1) waves, etc., and terminal multiplexers 84, 85 divide the lower level group into N = 5-15 lines to the terminals.

Fiber optic lines are sealed with broadband channels, most of which are used for multimedia and "conversational" connections. In addition to these channels, each subscriber line contains several common D channels of subscriber signaling, and each connecting or one per group of lines contains a common signaling channel No. 7 (SS7).

Upon initial start-up or restart, the 610 software control unit executes a configuration mode. In this mode, the control device clears the memory of the state of the switching system, and then outputs to the switching system 69, at its outputs 622, a sequence of commands by which the constant paths from the signaling outputs 623 to the D channels of the group of subscriber lines and the channels of the OX7 trunk lines in the selectors are switched off in the switching system 67, as well as from its signaling inputs 624 in multiplexers 68, constant paths to the D channels of the subscriber line group and the OCS7 trunk lines are switched off.

On D channels, the control device 610 transmits “restart” and “not ready to receive” commands with a common address for all terminals at which all terminals of the subscriber line group stop transmitting, set the transmission delay to zero, and wait for synchronization commands.

After that, the device 610 begins to sequentially synchronize the terminals connected to each line. To this end, the device 610 issues a ready-to-receive command along the D channel with the address of the first terminal, and after it starts transmitting a test sequence consisting of several fragments shifted by a fraction of a bit. The terminal is synchronized by the first fragment of the test sequence and without delay transmits it to the PBX.

A software control device 610 receives a terminal response through a selector 67, a switching system 69 and a multiplexer 68. Using the correctly received part of the test sequence, the device 610 determines the propagation time. The device 610 stores the amount of delay in the memory allocated to the terminal.

Upon completion of terminal synchronization in the connected subscriber lines, the control device issues a sequence of commands to the switching system for switching inputs / outputs 624/623 to the next group of lines and repeats this process until all subscriber lines are serviced.

For trunk lines, the OATS control device via common signaling channels alternately requests a test sequence from other exchanges. By the correct reception of some fragments and errors in others, the control unit 610 determines for each line the offset of the incoming signal from the OATS clock cycle by a fraction of a bit and a byte. The OATS control device remembers this information for each trunk in its memory and switches to the schedule switching mode.

In switching mode, the control unit 610 alternately switches the outputs / inputs 623/624 to all groups of subscriber and trunk lines. For each group, the OATS control device receives messages from D channels of subscriber lines and common trunk signaling channels.

For D channels, the control device periodically polls the terminals periodically with the "ready to receive" command with the address of the selected terminal.

The terminal either sends one or more messages to the PBX via the D channel and ends the polling session with a ready command, or ends the session without sending messages, and the PBX completes the polling of the terminal with the "not ready to receive" command,

Messages received from channels D and SS7, the OATS software control device processes according to algorithms similar to those accepted in the ISDN PBX, generates response messages and transmits them to channels D and SS7.

According to messages of the “SETUP” type, requiring the establishment of connections, the control device finds in the state memory of the switching system a free path from channel A, on which the “call” was received, to channel B of the connecting line or subscriber, whose number is contained in the call message, and the second path from channel B to channel A.

The control device marks these paths occupied in its memory for the duration of the conversation. Then, when the called party answers, along these paths, the control device disconnects two connections A → B and B → A in the switching system. In addition, according to the delay in the received signals from the terminals or trunks defined in the configuration mode, A transmits to the terminal B the "set receive delay" command.

According to "hang up" or "disconnect" messages, the control device disconnects the connections on the paths A → B and B → A and marks these paths free.

Multi-line multiplexer single-fiber lines 613-615 in Fig.6 works as follows. The input mirror 613 passes part of the energy of the optical signal from all the ends 63 to the input of the selector 67. The mirror 615 reflects the output optical signals of the multiplexer 68 for all single-fiber lines through the optical system 614 to the mirror 613. The latter reflects through the optical system 611 to the linear ends 63.

For each single-fiber line, multiplexer 68 combines the signals for all its channels at a position that coincides with the position of this line at the input of selector 67, and multiplexer 613-615 combines the output signals of the single-fiber line with its input at the end of 63.

The signals of the forward and reverse directions of each terminal are transmitted on different waves. For this, the OATS control device selects for each channel in the line the positions at the output of the switching system 69 shifted relative to the position at its input.

Table 3 R DD mm 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Δλ Δ waves one one one one 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 one Kw turns 29th 37 41 47 93 113 131 145 T mm 2.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 9.3 11.3 13.1 14.5 S cm square fifteen 22.5 thirty 37.5 fifteen 22.5 thirty 37.5 2 Kw turns 29th 37 41 47 93 113 131 145 T mm 2.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 9.3 11.3 13.1 14.5 S cm square 10 fifteen twenty 25 10 fifteen twenty 25

Table 4 one panel four panels M × N K × M S AT FROM D K × M S AT FROM D 2 × 2 76800 21 17 four 16 307200 23 19 four 16 4 × 4 38400 10 8 2 16 153600 eleven 9 2 16 8 × 8 19200 6 5 one 8 76800 7 6 one 16 16 × 16 9600 5 four one 64 38400 5 four one 16 32 × 32 4800 four 3 one 128 19200 four 3 one 32 64 × 64 2400 3 2 one 64 9600 3 2 one 16

Used sources

1. Modern technologies of digital optical communication networks (ATM, PDH, SDH, SONET and WDM). N.N.Slepov. M .: Radio and Communication, 2000, pp. 362-371, Fig. 11.4-11.6

2. ISDN. Digital network with service integration. Concepts, methods, systems. P. Becker. M .: Radio and communications, 1991, pp. 182-103, Fig. 6.6-6.8.

3. RF patent 2238615, 20.10.2004, Fig.1-5.

4. Optics and communications. A. Casanne, J. Fleur, G. Mater, M. Russo. M .: World. 1984, pp. 437-440, fig. 18.3-18.4

5. Patent WO 3081941 A2, 03/22/2003, Figs. 1-6. Published in the bulletin "Inventions of the World" 2004. Issue 110. No. 10, pp. 384-385.

6. Handbook of physics. B.M. Yavorsky, A.A. Detlaf. M .: Science. 1965, p. 571, fig. V.6.3.

7. Optical materials for infrared technology. E.M. Voronkova et al. M.: Science. 1965, pp. 144-147.

8. Handbook of physics. B.M. Yavorsky, A.A. Detlaf. M .: Science. 1965, p. 575, Fig. V.6.6.

Claims (7)

1. A wavelength-density multiplexer for NL≥1 fiber-optic lines densified by NW waves in the range λ1≤λi≤λ2, characterized in that two mirrors with two-dimensional raster openings are installed between two-dimensional arrays of optical terminations of NL lines and NL × NW station or subscriber ends input / output optical signals in which the hole size is less than dd in the linear and DD in the station raster, optically connected to the arrays of endings, and between these mirrors there is a loop of P≥1 prisms, 1≤MS≤P masks and 0≤MR of additional mirrors without oh apertures closing a loop with a total angle of deviation of the light beam from one mirror with a raster to another 360 ° for a wave with a length λ (i), moreover, a mirror with a station raster is installed either parallel to a linear one or at MR = 0 at an angle φ at which the prisms deflect the beam for a wave with a length of λ (i), and the holes are arranged in groups of G = GH · GV≥1 holes in the GH columns and GV rows in the linear raster and in the GH columns and GV · NW rows in the station raster with the pitch between the holes in the group, respectively, dd and DD, in addition, for the loop with the optical length L of the mirror we set to the rays of light at a small angle α = ± arctan (dd · G≥2 · L) in the coordinate H, or α = ± arctan (NW · GV · dd / 2 · L) in the coordinate V, and the holes of the station raster are shifted from the corresponding ones in a linear raster either to DD · GH · KW in the coordinate N, or to DD · GV · NW · KW in the coordinate V, where KW is the number of turns of light in the loop with equal or average distance Δl between the prisms from the inequality Δn · β · Δl · P · KW · (P · KW-1) / 2≥GV · DD, in which Δn is the difference between the refractive indices of adjacent waves and β is the angle of prism, and the masks have NL holes, the width and length of the holes from dd for the mask of the line endings closest to the raster to DD and NW · DD for the station endings closest to the raster. 2. The sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that between its prisms in the loop with optical length L an optical system is installed from one or more lenses with focal lengths LL to the linear and LE to the station raster, providing a focused image of each raster on the other, and between the lenses the optical system contains an inverting prism, in addition, for dd ≠ DD, either LL / dd = LE / DD or one or more mirrors are rotated from the linear raster by the total angle αd≥2 · (dd-DD) / (KW + 1) · KW · L by coordination those coinciding with the angle α. 3. A wavelength-density multiplexer for NL≥1 fiber-optic lines compressed by NW waves in the range λ1≤λi≤λ2, characterized in that it consists of two or more series-connected cascades - multi-line compression devices according to claim 1 or 2, each of which the direction of light deflection by the prisms is perpendicular to the previous one and / or the sign of the angle α is opposite to the previous one, with the first and cascades coinciding with it in the direction of the prisms dividing the spectrum into NH groups by NW / NH waves along the H coordinate, and cascades in which the direction of the prisms is perpendicular to the first stage, each group is divided along the V coordinate, in addition, in these stages one or more mirrors should consist of fragments with an angle of inclination that changes either smoothly for each line or stepwise for a group of lines so that the deviation angle for waves in the loop with the same number in all NH groups was 360 °. 4. An optical telephone exchange, to which subscriber terminals and connecting lines of other automatic telephone exchanges are connected via fiber-optic lines densified by wavelengths, and between the optical ends of the lines there is a spatial optical switching system consisting of S series-connected multiple optical connectors, characterized in that NGLA groups of optical ends of the lines of direction A → B are placed in two-dimensional arrays on NGLA optical crosses of which NGLA-NGLO arrays are optically connected with the inputs of their multi-linear compaction devices made according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 — channel selectors directly, and the rest through input NGLO blocks of multi-line multiplexers of single-fiber lines, and channel selector i has NLW (i) inputs and NLW (i) × NW (i) outputs that are optically connected to the NC inputs of the spatial switching system through the multi-line imager-adder of NGLA selectors, and NGLB groups of its outputs are optically connected to the inputs of the NGLB channel multiplexers, multi-line devices, via the multi-line imager-splitter links made according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, the outputs of which are optically coupled to NGLO output blocks of single-fiber line multiplexers and to NGLB-NGLO two-dimensional arrays of linear terminations of direction B → A located on optical crosses, and the channel multiplexer with number j has NLW (j) × NW (j) inputs and NLW (j) outputs to the NLW (j) ends of its array, and NLW and / or NW can be different for different crosses. 5. The optical automatic telephone exchange according to claim 4, characterized in that the multi-line multiplexer of single-fiber lines contains an input unit with a beam splitting element, a light-guiding system of several lenses and an output block with a mirror, and the beam splitting element is either a translucent mirror or a cube prism with birefringence or the like elements, in addition, the focal lengths of the light guide system are equal to the optical path length on one side through the beam splitter to the center of the array of linear endings of directions A → B or B And, on the other hand, through the mirror, respectively, to the center of the raster of the linear openings of the channel multiplexer, the number of lenses and the distances between them in the light guide system must be sufficient to transmit an inverted image with an unchanged scale, and the multiplexer transmits direction signals A → B to line i In → A at different waves, for which the positions of the outputs of the switching system for i do not coincide with the inputs for it. 6. The optical exchange according to claim 4, characterized in that the subscriber terminals are connected to the station line terminations through a multi-level subscriber access system of a tree structure consisting of K sequentially connected subscriber access multiplexers on compression devices made according to claim 1 or 2 with MR = 0, moreover, multipliers of level i <K contain for each level line i≥1 packed by NW (i) or fewer waves, NA (i) the ends of level lines i + 1, packed by NW (i + 1) ≤NW (i) / NA (i) waves, and at the lower level K multiplexers for each l Lines with NW (K) waves contain either NW (K) optical or electro-optical terminations for terminals without a sealing device, or NA (K) endings with NW (K) / NA (K) waves for terminals with a sealing device, and the wavelength range in multiplexers is determined by the angle between the mirrors. 7. The optical exchange according to claim 6, characterized in that each terminal contains a synchronization and exchange unit on the D channel, delay units for receiving and transmitting "talk" channels, controlled on the D channel by the OATS control device, and also the linear interface is either electric or optical for terminated sealed lines with multiplexer for NW (K) / NA (K) waves.

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