RU2307809C1 - Dry building mix (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials, dry building mixes in particular; industrial and civil construction engineering for covering various internal surfaces of buildings.

SUBSTANCE: proposed dry building mix contains the following components, mass-%: according to first version -calcium sulfate of α- or β-form, 38-58; shungite sand of variety III, 40-60; hydrated lime, 2-4; modified additive, 0.23-0.37 including methyl cellulose, 0.10-0.12; starch ether, 0.1-0.2; tartaric acid, 0.03-0.05; according to second version - cement, 30-45; shungite sand, 50-65; hydrated lime, 2-4; dispersed powder on vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer, 0.5-5; methyl cellulose, 0.02-0.4; according to third version - calcium sulfate, 40-60; shungite sand, 35-55; dispersed powder, 0.1-2; methyl cellulose, 0.2-0.4; according to fourth version - cement, 28-35; shungite sand, 65-72; dispersed powder, 2-5; methyl cellulose, 0.2-0.3. Shungite sand is used in fractions of from 0,2 to 0.63 mm.

EFFECT: improved adhesion, strength and binding properties of coat at retained low intensity of radiation passing through surface covered with this coat.

8 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to dry building mixes, and can be used in industrial and civil engineering for coating various indoor surfaces.

Creating environmentally friendly building coatings in order to protect people from electromagnetic radiation and geopathic effects of the Earth’s field is an urgent task, given the increase in adverse geophysical and technogenic factors. This requirement is ensured by the use of schungite rocks in building materials. Shungite is a unique natural mineral. The composition of shungite includes carbon in several forms, namely: coal, graphite, intermediate structures between graphite and diamond, as well as in the form of a new allotropic modification of carbon - fullerene. This composition of shungite provides various materials created with its use, electrical conductivity, in the absence of radio transparency, the ability to absorb neutron radiation, alpha, beta, gamma and x-ray radiation. Materials, including shungite, are resistant to solar radiation, have antiseptic and biocidal properties.

According to the carbon content, schungite schists are divided into five groups (varieties):

Group 1 - rock with a carbon content of 90-99%; density 1840-1940 g / cm ³ ; 2 group --- ″ --- 35-60% --- ″ --- 2100-2300 g / cm ³ 3 group --- ″ --- 20-35% --- ″ --- 2300-2450 g / cm ³ 4 group --- ″ --- 5-20% --- ″ --- 2450-2650 g / cm ³ 5 group --- ″ --- less than 5% --- ″ --- 2750-2840 g / cm ³

The rocks of groups 2 and 3 are low-ash, 4 groups are medium-ash, and 5 groups are multi-ash. Shungite rocks are characterized by wide variations in the quantitative chemical composition. The most important in industrial terms are the rocks of groups 2 and 3 because of their relative cheapness, in particular production, as well as the pronounced manifestation of the protective properties of shungite described above (see, for example, the book by Boris P. Karelian shungites. Karelia Publishing House Petrozavodsk, 1956, 92 pp.).

Known polymer concrete mixture used for monolithic flooring, the basis of which is used epoxy-diane resin ED-20 (GOST 10587-84) and hardener, and ground natural materials are used as a mineral filler: quartz sand, shungite and other materials with size particles of 0.4-1 mm (see RF patent for the invention No. 2059585, IPC С04В 26/14, С04В 26/14, С04В 24/02, publ. 10/05/1996).

Shungite, used in the known mixture as a filler, is used as a natural material that improves acid resistance, strength, abrasion (the main characteristics for the floor) compared to concrete floors. However, the cost of manufacturing polymer concrete floors is disproportionately high. In addition, such floors are not environmentally friendly, since the mixture contains a lot of phenol and other toxic materials, for example, in resin, which limits their use. At the same time, the low adhesive properties of the coating from the known mixture prevent its use as wall and ceiling coatings, which also limits its use.

A composite material is known, including a gypsum binder and an additive, while β-hemihydrate or water-soluble calcium sulfate anhydrite is used as a gypsum binder, and natural carbon-containing mineral shungite with a dispersion of 1 to 200 μm in the following ratio of components, wt. %: the specified gypsum binder 50-90; said shungite 10-50 (see RF patent for the invention No. 2232733, IPC С04В 28/14, С04В 22/02, С04В 103/67, published on July 20, 2004).

In a known technical solution, in order to impart a viscosity to the composite material, pulverized schungite is added to the composition. However, when adding shungite directly to raw materials with a fraction below 0.2 mm, the cost of the material increases significantly. At the same time, the smaller the shungite, the more resources are spent on its production, which in turn increases the cost of the composite material, limiting its use due to unprofitability. In addition, the presence in the mixture of only one binder - gypsum - without various additives may not provide the viscosity, plasticity, and water retention ready for application to the surface of the mixture, i.e. properties that allow the mixture to be used as a coating for walls or ceilings.

A concrete mixture is also known, including Portland cement, a filler, a complex additive from a superplasticizer based on the sodium salt of the condensation product of naphthalene sulfonic acid with formaldehyde and an air-entraining agent - saponified wood resin and water, while the mixture contains shungizite dust with a specific surface area of 2800 cm ² / g and shungizit sand of a fraction of 0.14-2.5 mm and further comprises a fine powder of boron carbide in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Portland cement - 37.04-39.17; shungizite dust - 12.28-13.21; shungizite sand - 29.45-31.68; superplasticizer - 0.259-0.274; air-entraining agent - 0.018-0.02; fine powder of boron carbide - 1.68-1.73; water - the rest (see patent for invention No. 2107049, IPC С04В 28/04, С04В 24/20, С04В 24/04, С04В 22/04, С04В 14/06, published on 03.20.1998).

A disadvantage of the known concrete mixture is that to produce concrete with radiation resistance, shungizite and boron carbide are added to the mixture. Shungizit is an artificially obtained material from shungite rocks by expansion during firing, its addition to the mixture gives the material certain properties, for example, increasing the effectiveness of the protective properties of concrete, which makes it possible to use the mixture for processing radioactive hazardous objects. However, this composition of the concrete mixture does not provide a decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the treated rooms, which limits the scope of the known mixture and reduces its operational properties. At the same time, low adhesive properties are inherent in a ready-to-apply mixture, which impedes its use as wall and ceiling coatings, also limiting its scope.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a known dry building mixture comprising a component containing active magnesium oxide - caustic magnesite powder, natural mineral shungite of the III variety, a modifying additive, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Caustic magnesite powder 15-40 ; modifying additive 0.5-10; natural mineral shungite III species - the rest. The component containing active magnesium oxide additionally contains caustic dolomite with a mass fraction of active magnesium oxide from 0.15 to 0.21 in an amount up to 40% by weight of the mixture. The mixture additionally contains quartz and / or expanded perlite, or dolomite, or marble, or granite sand, or crushed stone, quartz, or dolomite, or marble, or granite in an amount up to 70% by weight of the mixture. The mixture additionally contains a lightweight aggregate - expanded vermiculite, sawdust, hydrolytic lignin in an amount of 1-10% by weight of the mixture. As a modifying additive, the mixture contains either a polymer redispersible powder — homo- and copolymers of vinyl acetate, or ethylene, or vinyl laurate, or vinyl versalate, or a component containing active silica — silica fume or silica flour. The mixture additionally contains a stabilizing and water-retaining additive, for example, a water-soluble modified cellulose ester - methyl hydroxyethyl, or carboxymethyl, or ethyl hydroxyethyl, or hypane in an amount of 0.02-0.2% by weight of the mixture. The mixture additionally contains a water-reducing additive, for example, a superplasticizer — a salt of sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde polymers in an amount of 0.01-0.3% by weight of the mixture. The mixture additionally contains an antifoam additive, for example, an antifoam agent - a mixture of fatty hydrocarbons and polyglycols on an inert carrier, amorphous silica in an amount of 0.1-0.3% by weight of the mixture. The mixture additionally contains pigment in an amount of 0.5-4% by weight of the mixture, for example, fine schungite powder (see RF patent for invention No. 2233255, IPC С04В 28/30, С04В 111/20, publ. July 27, 2004).

However, the low cohesion and adhesive properties of the coating obtained from the known mixture prevent the use of such mixtures for coating walls and ceilings indoors, which limits its scope due to difficulties in fixing the solution prepared from the known mixture, for example, plaster, on vertical surfaces or ceilings. In addition, the use of magnesium oxide increases the cost of the mixture.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a dry building mixture intended for wall and ceiling coatings inside buildings, containing widely available, inexpensive and non-toxic ingredients, and having a composition that allows preserving the protective properties of coatings based on the proposed mixture (shielding the premises from various kinds of radiation).

The technical result achieved in solving this problem is to increase the adhesion properties (strength) and cohesion of the coating made of any proposed mixture while maintaining a low intensity of radiation passing through the surface on which the above coating is present.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the dry building mixture, including astringent, schungite sand of the III variety, a modifying additive, according to the invention contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form as a cementing binder, methyl cellulose, starch ether, tartaric acid and additionally hydrated lime in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

specified calcium sulfate 38-58 specified shungite sand 40-60 hydrated lime 2-4 modifying additive 0.23-0.37, including: cellulose 0.10-0.12 starch ether 0.1-0.2 wine acid 0.03-0.05

The dry building mixture contains the specified shungite sand fraction from 0.2 to 3 mm, the specified calcium sulfate α-form - molding gypsum or β-form - building gypsum and lime hydrated fluff.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the dry building mixture, including cementitious, shungite sand of the III variety, a dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, cellulose ether according to the invention contains methylcellulose as cellulose ether, and additionally hydrated lime in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

cement 30-45 specified shungite sand 50-65 hydrated lime 2-4 specified dispersible powder 0.5-5 methyl cellulose 0.02-0.4

The dry mortar contains the specified shungite sand fractions from 0.2 to 0.63 mm and lime hydrated fluff.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the dry building mixture, including binder, shungite sand Ш varieties, dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, cellulose ether, according to the invention contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form binder as calcium binder, as cellulose ether methyl cellulose in the following ratio, wt.%:

specified calcium sulfate 40-60 specified shungite sand 35-55 specified dispersible powder 0.1-2 cellulose 0.2-0.4

The dry building mixture contains the specified shungite sand fractions from 0.2 to 0.63 mm and the specified calcium sulfate α-form - molding gypsum or β-form - building gypsum.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the dry building mixture, including binder, shungite sand of the III variety, a dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, cellulose ether according to the invention contains methyl cellulose as a cement binder, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

cement 28-35 specified shungite sand 65-72 specified dispersible powder 2-5 cellulose 0.2-0.3

Dry mortar contains the specified shungite sand fractions from 0.2 to 0.63 mm

All options for the implementation of the proposed dry building mix are aimed at solving the same technical problem while achieving a common technical result.

The introduction of the above substances into the composition of a dry construction mixture (in the proposed ranges of ratios of the components of the mixture, wt.%) For each embodiment of the mixture provides the following properties of the mixture, shown in tables 1-4.

The use of calcium sulfate semi-aquatic α-form (molding gypsum) or β-form (gypsum building) in the range of 38-58 wt.% (Option 1) or within 40-60 wt.% (Option 3) allows you to provide the necessary binding of free lime and condenses the solution. In this case, the concentration of calcium sulfate of the semi-aqueous α- or β-form below the indicated values reduces the ductility (which indicates insufficient viscosity) and the strength of the coating from the proposed mixture, and the above values indicate the need to reduce the concentration of schungite sand, which will lead to a deterioration in the protective properties of the coating .

Using hydrated lime fluff in the range of 2-4 wt.% (Options 1 and 2) as a plasticizer allows you to create the necessary alkaline environment. This ensures the occurrence of chemical reactions and the interaction between the components of the mixture with the achievement of the required properties (parameters) obtained from the coating mixture. Increased or reduced acidity changes the course of chemical reactions and the mentioned interaction, for example, accelerating or slowing them down, which reduces the plasticity of the coating from the mixture, lowering its viscosity. In addition, this entails a deterioration in adhesive properties, i.e. the coating does not have time to properly fix (“stick”) on a vertical surface or ceiling. However, an insufficient amount of lime increases the shrinkage of the coating (sharply reduces its volume during solidification), and since the shrinkage process occurs unevenly, this entails the appearance of cracks in it.

The use of the natural shungite mineral, for example, schungite sand of the III variety (group), within 40-60 wt.% In a mixture on a gypsum binder (option 1), or shungite sand within 50-65 wt.% In a mixture on a cement binder (option 2), or shungite sand within 35-55 wt.% In a mixture on a gypsum binder (option 3), or shungite sand within 65-72 wt.% In a mixture on a cement binder (option 4), provides the necessary shielding and protective coating properties of the proposed mixtures. The use of a fraction higher than 0.2 mm in the preparation of the finished product of shungite reduces the cost of the mixture due to the cost of obtaining this fraction. At the same time, a 0.2 mm fraction was selected for sieving sieves.

Shungite radio-shielding materials have advantages over metal screens in reliability and durability, environmental friendliness and cost, and most importantly they do not distort the Earth's natural geomagnetic field. It was experimentally established that a layer of a shungite protective mixture (see tables 5-8) with a thickness of 10 mm reduces the intensity of electromagnetic radiation by at least 3.5 times.

The use of modifying additives provides the following: tartaric acid in the range of 0.03-0.05 wt.% (Option 1) is used as a setting retarder (to ensure the necessary time for application of the ready-to-use mixture), and methyl cellulose in the range of 0.10-0 12 wt.% (Option 1) or within 0.02-0.4 wt.% (Option 3) on a gypsum binder and within 0.02-0.4 wt.% (Option 2) or within 0 , 2-0.3 wt.% (Option 4) on a cement binder is used for water retention as a rheological modifier (for holding water in the mixture for complete passage of all necessary reactions). The starch ether, introduced in the range of 0.1-0.2 wt.% In the composition of the protective schungite mixture on a gypsum binder (option 1), is used as a thickener (does not allow the ready-to-use mixture to stick to the tool and indicates its required viscosity) .

The use of a dispersible powder, for example, based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene in the indicated proportions makes it possible to further increase the adhesive properties of the coating based on the proposed mixture. The use of dispersible powder as an additive in the range of 0.5-5 wt.% In a protective schungite mixture on a cement binder (option 2), or in the range of 0.1-2 wt.% In a mixture with schungite filler on a gypsum binder (option 3 ), or within 2-5 wt.% in a mixture with shungite filler on a cement binder (option 4) increases the ability of the solution to retain water, reduces evaporation through film formation and strengthens the coating as an additional binder with the achievement of the necessary viscosity properties.

The use of cement in the range of 30-45 wt.% (Option 2) or in the range of 28-35 wt.% (Option 4) allows you to provide the necessary binding and compaction of the solution, as well as the necessary water resistance of the solution. Moreover, the concentration of cement below the specified values reduces the strength of the coating of the proposed mixture, and above the specified values increases its shrinkage.

It was experimentally established that the above properties of the coating of the proposed mixture for all options for viscosity and adhesive properties appear when a combination of these components is in the proposed proportions.

Preparation of dry building mix is as follows.

The technology for manufacturing a dry mixture includes the following operations: processing shungite mass (crushing, drying and sorting), dosing the components into a mixer for mixing, packaging the resulting dry construction mixture in secure paper bags, for example, 25 kg each and shipping to the consumer. Ready dry mixes are delivered to the facility in dry form. The particle size is determined by the size of its constituent components described above.

The introduction of components produced by standard technology.

Dry mortar is used as follows.

The dry mixture (see examples 1-4) with stirring (manually or with a drill with a mixer nozzle) is added to clean water: 350-450 ml / kg (for example 1), 300-400 ml / kg (for example 2), 190 -210 ml / kg (for example 3), 180-200 ml / kg (for example 4) to obtain the required stiffness (elasticity) and homogeneous mass for 1-2 minutes, after which the solution is kept for 5-10 minutes and re-mixed 30 minutes. The solution mixture is ready for use within 1.5-2 hours.

The prepared solution is applied to the surface with a layer of 3 to 35 mm with a trowel or a spatula and is rubbed with the rule. With a layer thickness of 10 mm, the consumption of the mixture per 1 m ² is 1.0-1.2 kg. Prior to setting, the surface is leveled with a metal rail or a wide metal spatula and rubbed with a circular motion with a grater, slightly moistening the surface. Setting time 3 hours.

If it is necessary to apply the second layer, notches are applied to the first (before it dries). The second layer is applied after the first has dried.

The proposed solution is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1 (table 1). 'To prepare a batch of protective shungite mixture on a gypsum binder, used, for example, for walls and ceilings indoors, make up a mixture consisting of the following components, wt.%:

gypsum G 7 II (gypsum building) - 46,

shungite sand of the III variety (fractions up to 3 mm) - 50.5,

hydrated lime (fluff) - 3.2,

methylcellulose Walocel MKX 70000 PP01 - 0.12,

starch ether (Cosucol 301, SE 7) - 0.1,

tartaric acid - 0.08.

To prepare the mixture, shungite rock of the Zazhoginsky deposit (Republic of Karelia, Medvezhyegorsky district) and methyl cellulose Walocel MKX 70000 PP01 (manufactured by Wolff Walsrode (Bayer), Germany) were used.

Example 2 (table 2). To prepare a batch of protective shungite mixture on a cement binder, for example, for leveling surfaces indoors, make up a mixture consisting of the following components, wt.%:

cement PC 400 D0-39.5,

shungite sand of the III variety (fraction up to 0.63 mm) - 55,

hydrated lime (fluff) - 2.5,

dispersible powder (Vinnapas) Vinnapas RE 5011 (DA 1200) - 2.9,

modifying additive - MT 400 PFW methyl cellulose - 0.1.

The mixture was prepared using a dispersible powder based on a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer Vinnapas RE 5011 (DA 1200) manufactured by Wacker Polimer Sistems GmbH & Co.KG (Wacker-Chemie GmbH) (Germany), Walocel methyl cellulose MKX 400 PFW "(manufacturer" Wolff Walsrode "(Bayer", Germany). The mixture may also contain a plasticizer "Melment F 10" company "SKW" (Germany) and antifoam agitant 801 company "MünsingHemi GmbH (Germany) In this case, the plasticizer is used to further increase the ductility of the coating from the mixture, and the antifoam - to achieve a more uniform mass, reducing its porosity.

Example 3 (table 3). To prepare a batch of a mixture with schungite filler on a gypsum binder, used, for example, for leveling walls and subsequent wall cladding with shungite artificial slabs indoors, a mixture is made up of the following components, wt.%:

gypsum G 16 GVVS - 47.6,

shungite sand of the III variety (fraction up to 0.63 mm) - 52,

modifying additive - methylcellulose Walocel MKX 70000 PP 01 (manufacturer company "Wolff Walsrode" ("Bayer", Germany) - 0.25,

dispersible powder Vinnapas (Vinnapas) RE 5028 N (manufacturer company "Wacker Polimer Sistems GmbH & Co.KG" ("Wacker-Chemie GmbH"), Germany) - 0.15.

Example 4 (table 4). To prepare a batch of a mixture with schungite filler on a cement binder, used, for example, for leveling walls and subsequent cladding of horizontal and vertical surfaces with artificial and natural shungite slabs for exterior and interior use, a mixture is made up of the following components, wt.%:

cement ПЦ 400 Д0 - 30.5,

shungite sand of the III variety (fraction up to 0.63 mm) - 67,

dispersible powder Vinnapas (Vinnapas) RE 5044 N (manufactured by Wacker Polimer Sistems GmbH & Co.KG (Wacker-Chemie GmbH), Germany) - 2.25,

the modifying additive is methylcellulose Walocel MKX 70000 PP 01 (manufactured by Wolff Walsrode (Bayer), Germany) - 0.25.

To obtain dry building mixtures used the following source components:

- gypsum G 7 II, G 16 GVVS - (GOST 125-79 "Cement gypsum. Technical conditions");

- hydrated lime according to GOST 9179-77;

- starch ether (Cosucol 301 - manufacturer Lamberti Italy, Esamid NA - manufacturer Lamberti Italy, Berolan ST-500 - manufacturer Berolan Vertribsgesellschaft M.B.H Sweden);

- thickeners - a rheological modifier based on starch ether for plasters, adhesives, putties and mortars;

- Walocel MKH methyl cellulose MKC 70000 PP 01, MT 400 PFW (manufactured by Wolff Walsrode (Bayer), Germany);

- tartaric acid - (manufacturer company "BONALO", Italy);

- cement ПЦ 400 Д0 in accordance with GOST 10178-85;

- Vinnapas dispersible powder based on a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer Vinnapas RE 5011 (DA 1200), Vinnapas RE 5044 N, Vinnapas RE 5028 N (manufactured by Wacker Polimer Sistems GmbH & Co.KG (Wacker-Chemie GmbH));

- shungite sand (fraction up to 0.63 mm) - of the Zazhoginsky deposit (Republic of Karelia, Medvezhyegorsky district).

The mixture may also contain Meltment F 10 plasticizer - Melment F 10 superplasticizer (manufactured by SKW company, Germany) and Agitan 801 antifoam (manufactured by MünzingHemi GmbH, Germany).

Tests of the dry building mix (see example 1) were carried out according to GOST 28013-98 “Building solutions. General technical conditions ”, while the following results were obtained, are shown in table 5.

Table 5 Name of characteristic Value received permissible 1. Compressive Strength M50 M50-M100 2. Bending Strength M15 M10-M25 3. Water retention capacity 98.6% not less than 98% 4. Viability 1,5 hour 1.5-2 hours 5. Delamination absent absent 6. Adhesive Strength 0.6 N / mm ² not less than 0.3 N / mm ² 7. Reducing the level of electromagnetic radiation with a layer thickness of 10 mm 3.5 times -

Tests of the dry building mixture (see example 2) were carried out according to GOST 28013-98, while the following results were obtained, shown in table 6.

Table 6 Name of characteristic Value received permissible 1. Compressive Strength M250 M200-M300 2. Bending Strength M50 M50-M75 3. Water retention capacity 98.3% not less than 98% 4. Viability 1,5 hour 1.5-2 hours 5. Delamination absent absent 6. Adhesive Strength 0.6 N / mm ² not less than 0.3 N / mm ² 7. Reducing the level of electromagnetic radiation with a layer thickness of 10 mm 3.5 times -

Tests of the dry building mix (see example 3) were carried out according to GOST 28013-98, while the following results were obtained, shown in table 7.

Table 7 Name of characteristic Value" received permissible 1. Compressive Strength M100 M50-M150 2. Bending Strength M50 M25-M75 3. Water retention capacity 98.6% not less than 98% 4. Viability 1,5 hour 1.5-2 hours 5. Delamination absent absent 6. Adhesive Strength 1.2 N / mm ² not less than 0.3 N / mm ² 7. Reducing the level of electromagnetic radiation with a layer thickness of 10 mm 3.5 times -

Tests of the dry building mixture (see example 4) were carried out according to GOST 28013-98, while the following results were obtained, shown in table 8.

Table 8 Name of characteristic Value received permissible 1. Compressive Strength M100 M75-M150 2. Bending Strength M25 M25-M50 3. Water retention capacity 99.1% not less than 98% 4. Viability 2.5 hours 2-3 hours 5. Delamination absent absent 6. Adhesive Strength 1.5 N / mm ² not less than 0.3 N / mm ² 7. Reducing the level of electromagnetic radiation with a layer thickness of 10 mm 3.5 times -

Thus, on the basis of the proposed dry mix, inexpensive building materials can be made that have optimal performance characteristics, replacing several different building materials with mono-properties, for example, providing anti-electrostatic intrinsic safety and protection against electromagnetic radiation, while using the proposed dry mix in the construction of residential and industrial buildings allows you to create an undistorted structure of the Earth’s natural field indoors itit individual from adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation and the natural human nature, the coating from the proposed mixture has high adhesive properties and viscosity.

Table 1 Name of the substance, wt.% The properties Negative properties that appear in the mixture when the substance is in the mixture below the value specified in claim 1 of the claims above the value specified in claim 1 of the claims Semi-aquatic calcium sulfate β-form (building gypsum) - 46 Provides binding of free lime and compacts cement mortar Decrease in strength, ductility Reduced shungite concentration up to 40%, which leads to a decrease in shielding properties Hydrated lime (fluff) - 3.2 Creates an alkaline environment Reduced ductility, increased shrinkage, increased acidity Decrease in acidity Modifying additive (consisting of methyl cellulose, tartaric acid, starch ether) - 0.3 Tartaric acid is used as a retarder, methylcellulose for water retention as a rheological modifier, starch ether is used as a thickener. Decrease in water retention, setting time, viscosity, sticking to the tool Increased setting time, reduced viscosity, adhesion to the tool Shungite sand of the III variety - 50.5 Provides the necessary shielding and protective properties of the mixture Reduced shielding properties Decreased Strength, Elasticity

table 2 Name of the substance, wt.% The properties Negative properties that appear in the mixture when the substance is in the mixture below the value specified in paragraph 5 of the claims above the value specified in paragraph 5 of the claims Cement - 39.5 Gives durability, water resistance Decrease in strength, ductility Shrinkage increase Hydrated lime (fluff) - 2.5 Creates an alkaline environment Reduced ductility, increased shrinkage, increased acidity Decrease in acidity Dispersible powder (based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene) - 2.9 Increases the adhesive strength of the mixture. Decreased adhesion, elasticity, strength It is not justified because the necessary adhesive strength has been achieved Cellulose - 0.1 Cellulose is used as a rheological modifier for water retention Reduced water retention, setting time Extension time setting Shungite sand of the III variety - 55 Provides the necessary shielding and protective properties of the mixture Reduced shielding properties Decreased Strength, Elasticity

Table 3 Name of the substance, wt.% The properties Negative properties that appear in the mixture when the substance is in the mixture below the value specified in paragraph 8 of the claims. above the value specified in paragraph 8 of the claims Calcium sulfate, semi-aqueous β-form - 47.6 Provides binding of free lime and compacts cement mortar Decrease in strength, ductility Reducing the concentration of shungite to 35%, which leads to a decrease in shielding properties Dispersible Powder - 0.15 Increases the adhesive strength of the mixture. Decreased adhesion, elasticity, strength Unjustified since required adhesive strength achieved Cellulose 0.25 Tartaric acid is used as a retarder, methylcellulose for water retention as a rheological modifier Decrease in water retention, setting time, viscosity Lower setting time, lower viscosity Shungite sand of the III variety - 52 Provides the necessary shielding and protective properties of the mixture Reduced shielding properties Decreased Strength, Elasticity

Table 4 Name of the substance, wt.% The properties Negative properties that appear in the mixture when the substance is in the mixture below the value specified in paragraph 11 of the claims above the value specified in paragraph 11 of the claims Cement - 30.5 Gives durability, water resistance Decrease in strength, ductility Shrinkage increase Dispersible Powder - 2.25 Increases the adhesive strength of the mixture. Decreased adhesion, elasticity, strength It is not justified because the necessary adhesive strength has been achieved Cellulose 0.25 Cellulose is used as a rheological modifier for water retention Reduced water retention, setting time Extension time setting Shungite sand of the III variety - 67 Provides the necessary shielding and protective properties of the mixture Reduced shielding properties Decreased Strength, Elasticity

Claims (8)

1. Dry mortar, including astringent, shungite sand of the III variety, a modifying additive, characterized in that it contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form as a cementing binder, tartaric acid, methylcellulose and starch ether and additionally lime as a modifying additive hydrated fluff in the following ratio of components, wt.%: specified calcium sulfate 38-58 specified shungite sand 40-60 lime hydrated fluff 2-4 modifying additive 0.23-0.37 including: cellulose 0.10-0.12 starch ether 0.1-0.2 wine acid 0.03-0.05 2. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the specified shungite sand fraction from 0.2 to 3 mm 3. Dry mortar, including cementitious, shungite sand of the III variety, a dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene and an addition of cellulose ether, characterized in that it contains methylcellulose as cellulose ether and, in addition, lime hydrated fluff in the following the ratio of the components of the mixture, wt.%: cement 30-45 specified shungite sand 50-65 lime hydrated fluff 2-4 specified dispersible powder 0.5-5 cellulose 0.02-0.4. 4. The mixture according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains the specified shungite sand fraction from 0.2 to 0.63 mm 5. Dry mortar, including binder, shungite sand of the III variety, a dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, an addition of cellulose ether, characterized in that it contains semi-aqueous α- or β-form as a binder, calcium cellulose ether methicellulose in the following ratio of components of the mixture, wt.%: specified calcium sulfate 40-60 specified shungite sand 35-55 specified dispersible powder 0.1-2 cellulose 0.2-0.4. 6. The mixture according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains the specified schungite sand fraction from 0.2 to 0.63 mm 7. Dry mortar, including cementitious, shungite sand of the III variety, dispersible powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, an addition of cellulose ether, characterized in that it contains methyl cellulose as a cement binder in the following ratio of the components of the mixture, wt .%: cement 28-35 specified shungite sand 65-72 specified dispersible powder 2-5 cellulose 0.2-0.3. 8. The mixture according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains the specified schungite sand fraction from 0.2 to 0.63 mm