RU2307270C2 - Cam-and-lever mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed mechanism can be used in different engines. Mechanism contains shad, operating and idle levers and operating and idle cams installed in upper and lower positions, respectively. Bracing rod with spring is secured on axles on ends of levers for contact by bearing holder surfaces with surfaces of cams. Form of idle surface of operating cam is formed by arc, its axis is turned opposite to direction of rotation by 35-45° relative to main axis of mechanism, and surface of extreme point from axis of rotation to intersection with main axis of mechanisms to connection with idle surface is formed by arc. Auxiliary cam has noncompensating surface and compensating surface to provide constant distance between centers of axles of attachment of bracing rod in levers when bearing moves in holder of operating lever from extreme upper position to lower position, and bearing moves in holder of idle lever from lower position into upper position.

EFFECT: elimination of asymmetry and increased power of engine using such mechanism.

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Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in engineering where it is necessary to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston, slider and other elements of the mechanism into rotational movement of the shaft. It can be used to create internal combustion engines, steam engines and other engines with high efficiency.

ANALOGUE CHARACTERISTICS

Known cam lever mechanism / RF patent No. 2253779, MKI F01B 11/10, publ. 06/10/2005 /. It contains a shaft with an asymmetric cam, two levers, one ends of which are fixed in the housing, and bearings are mounted at the second ends in cages. The axis of the bearings at the moments of their upper position and lower position are located on the main axis of the mechanism. The main axis of the mechanism passes through the center of rotation of the shaft, the farthest point of the cam from the axis of rotation of the shaft, the axis of the bearings in the cages at the moments of their upper and lower positions and coincides with the Y axis. The distance between the axes of the bearings remains constant. The levers are connected by a bunch necessary to create a mechanism.

ANALOGUE CRITICISM

The cam-lever mechanism can be used to create internal combustion engines with a constant rotational speed of the shaft or with a small change in the rotational speed, which will be used in power supply systems, aviation, and on ships. Engines can be two-cylinder, four-cylinder, six-cylinder, two-stroke boxer with turbocharging and fuel injection. Two cylinders should work on one cam. In a four-cylinder engine, the axis of the second cam is offset by 90 ° relative to the axis of the first cam. In a six-cylinder engine, the axes of the three cams are offset by 120 °.

Most of all, this mechanism is suitable for opposed-type steam engines, both cylinders of which work on one cam. If you apply a steam pressure of 2 MPa or more, then no internal combustion engines can be compared with steam engines.

In engines with a rapid change in the number of shaft revolutions, in single-cylinder engines, in four-stroke engines, this mechanism cannot be used: at high shaft revolutions, problems associated with large asymmetry of the mechanism can occur. Especially when passing the farthest point of the cam / A / through the contact zone with the lower arm bearing race.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Change the shape of the cam in order to eliminate large asymmetries and eliminate problems that occur when the farthest point of the cam / A / passes through the contact area with the lower arm bearing race, which will allow for identical parameters of pistons, cylinders, etc. get significantly more power from an engine with the claimed mechanism. This is the positive effect of the application of the claimed mechanism.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved due to the fact that the cam-lever mechanism comprises a system (Fig. 1) of the working cam 2 in the upper position and an auxiliary cam system 02 in the lower position. The non-working lever 09 is mounted in the housing on the axis 08 symmetrically to the mounting axis 8 in the working lever housing relative to the main axis of the mechanism, the center of the bearing axis 03 of the bearing 05 in the cage 04 is located on the main axis Y of the mechanism at its upper position and lower position. On the structural elements of the levers on the axes 10 and 010, a coupling rod 11 is attached with a spring 12, which provides contact between the surfaces of the yokes 4 and 04 of the lever bearings with the surfaces of the cams. The working cam 2 has an asymmetric shape. The shape of the idle surface 16 of the working cam 2 is formed by an arc, the axis of the working cam OA is rotated against the direction of rotation by 35-45 ° relative to the main axis Y of the mechanism. The surface of the working cam 2 from point A to the intersection with the main axis Y of the mechanism, before connecting to the arc of the idle surface 16, is formed by an arc. Auxiliary cam 02, having a non-compensating surface formed by an arc 016, and a compensating surface K, providing a constant distance between the centers of the mounting axes 10 and 010 in the levers 9 and 09 of the connecting rod 11 during the movement of the bearing 5 in the cage 4 of the working lever 9 from the upper position to the lower position, and the bearing 05 in the cage 04 of the inoperative lever 09 from the lower position to the upper position.

EXAMPLE OF SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE

For a specific implementation, the initial data are required: the piston stroke value / 1 / and the shaft diameter / d /. The axis X and Y / Fig. 1/ are drawn on paper. Their intersection at the point / O / will be the center of the shaft. This point also indicates the axis of rotation of the shaft. From the center / O / with a radius d / 2, a circle is drawn indicating the shaft / 1 /. From the Y axis to the left, 35-45 ° is plotted in sector I / in figure 1, sectors I, II, III, IY / are indicated and the point / L / is located. A straight line is drawn through the points / O / and / L /. From the center / О / on the line / ОЛ /, a segment equal to 1 + d / 2 is laid down and the point / A / is located, where 1 is the distance from the upper position of the piston to the lower position or the magnitude of the piston stroke. This will be the farthest point of the cam from the axis of rotation / O /. Line / OA / is the axis of the cam. Then the radius / R / of the working surface of the cam is selected, it is assumed to be (0.75-0.85) l. Arcs are plotted with the radius / R / from the points / A / and / N / to the right of the axis / ОА /.

At the intersection of these arcs is the point / M /. This point will be the center of the cam working surface. Radius / R / from point / N / to point / A / draws an arc / R /. This arc is the working surface / R / cam. Relative to the axis / O /, with a radius equal to l + d / 2, from the point / A / to the intersection with the Y axis, an arc is drawn, which is also the working surface of the cam. Then the segment equal to (l + d) / 2 is laid aside from the point / N / up along the Y axis and the point / 6 / is found. From this point with a radius equal to (l + d) / 2, an arc is drawn from the point / N / to the point of intersection of the arc of the working surface with the Y axis. This arc indicates the idle surface / 16 / of the working cam. Thus, the shape of the working cam / 2 / is determined.

From the point / O / up on the main axis of the mechanism Y, a segment equal to d / 2 plus the radius of the bearing race is laid, and the point / 03 / is found. From this point up on the Y axis, a segment equal to / 1 / is laid. So is the point / 3 /. Between the points / 03 / and / 3 / is the middle 1/2 and the point is indicated by the number / 7 /. A straight line parallel to the X axis is drawn through this point / 7 /.

The length of the levers is determined from the calculation: the larger their length, the smaller the deviation to the sides of the lower part of the connecting rod when it moves from the upper position to the lower position, and, conversely, when it moves from the lower position to the upper position. An arc is drawn from the point / 3 / by a segment equal to the length of the lever and at the intersection of it with a straight line drawn through the point / 7 /, the point / 8 / is located in the first sector (1). This point is the center of the axis of attachment of the working lever / 9 / in the housing. Symmetrically to the point / 8 / relative to the axis Y in the second sector (11) is the point / 08 /. This point is the center of the axis of attachment of the inoperative lever in the housing. Then, the working lever / 9 / with structural elements is determined: on the farthest from the axis of attachment of the lever in the housing, it is mounted on the axis / 14 / connecting rod / 15 /, and on the axis / 3 / the bearing / 5 / in the cage / 4 / is mounted, on another structural the element on the axis / 10 / is attached to the coupling rod / 11 /. Then the idle lever / 09 / is indicated. At the end of it, fixed in the housing, there is a lever. At the end of it, on the axis / 010 /, an element of non-rigid fastening of the tie rod with a spring / 12 / and a nut / 13 / is attached. At the far end from the axis of attachment of the inoperative lever / 09 / in the housing is mounted on the axis / 03 / bearing / 05 / in the cage / 04 /. The distance between points / 8 and 10 / and points / 08 and 010 / is determined by the manufacturer.

The dimensions of the working lever / 9 / and the non-working lever / 09 /, bearings in the cages are absolutely identical. They are fixed in the housing symmetrically to the main axis of the Y mechanism, so when moving the working bearing / 5 / from the upper position to the lower position, the center of the axis / 3 / of fixing it in the lever / 9 / will move to the lower position and take the place of the point / 03 /. When moving the non-working bearing / 05 / from the lower position to the upper position, the center of the axis / 03 / of fastening it in the lever / 09 / will move to the upper position and take the position of the point / 3 /.

Down along the Y axis from the point / O / the segment equal to l + d / 2 is laid down, and the point / AA / is found. This is the farthest point of the auxiliary cam from the axis of rotation / O /.

Then the middle is between the points / AA / and / HH / (l + d) / 2 and the point / 06 / is determined. From this point, with a radius equal to (l + d) / 2, an arc is drawn from the point / HH / in the third sector (111) to the point / AA /. This arc indicates the non-compensating surface of the / 016 / auxiliary cam. Compensating surface / K / auxiliary cam / 02 / is determined on the model assembled from plywood. The tie rod is installed without a spring. The compensating part of the cam is measured with a margin. Then the cam shaft begins to turn in the direction indicated by the arrow from the point / M /. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the cage / 4 / of the bearing / 5 / of the working lever / 10 / is constantly in contact with the working surface / P / of the working cam / 2 /. Turning the cam a small angle, note the contact points of the cage / 04 / bearing / 05 / idle lever / 09 / with the future compensating surface / K / auxiliary cam / 02 /. These points will be at the intersection of the outer surface of the cage / 04 / bearing / 05 / with a straight line drawn between points / 03 / and / 06 /. Then the points are connected by a line. Thus, the compensating surface / K / of the auxiliary cam / 02 / is determined.

The auxiliary cam can be replaced by an eccentric with the same dimensions along the axis / OA /. In this case, the non-uniformity of the distance between points / 10 / and / 010 / during the operation of the mechanism will be regulated by the operation of the spring. This simplifies the mechanism.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK OF THE CAM AND LEVER MECHANISM.

The principle of operation of the invention differs little from the principle of operation of the prototype mechanism / RF patent No. 2253779 /. The difference is that when the bearing moves in the cage of the working lever from the upper position to the lower, the bearing in the cage of the inoperative lever moves from the lower position to the upper position, and, conversely, when the bearing moves in the cage of the working lever from the lower position to the upper position, the idle lever bearing moves from the upper position to the lower position.

POSITIVE EFFECT

The claimed mechanism is more advanced in comparison with the prototype and can be used for the manufacture of any engine: internal combustion, steam engines and other engines.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows the claimed mechanism assembly. Figure 2 shows a system of levers 9 and 09 with a connecting rod 11.

The drawings show: the rotation axis O, shaft 1, working cam 2, the axis of attachment of the working bearing in the lever 3, the cage of the working bearing 4, the working bearing 5, the center of the non-working surface of the working cam 6, the point determining the position of the centers of the mounting axes 8 and 08 relative to X axis, the axis of attachment of the operating lever in the housing 8, the operating lever 9, the axis of attachment of the coupling rod in the operating lever 10, the coupling rod 11, spring 12, nut 13, the axis 14 of connecting the connecting rod 15 to the operating lever, idle cam 02, the axis of attachment of the idle bearing inoperative lever 03, the cage of the idle bearing 04, the cage of the idle bearing 05, the center of the non-compensating surface of the auxiliary cam 06, the axis of attachment of the idle lever in the housing 08, the idle lever 09, the axis of attachment of the tie rod in the idle lever 010, the farthest point from the axis of rotation of the working cam A , OA - axis of the working cam, O-AA - axis of the auxiliary cam, the farthest point from the axis of rotation of the auxiliary cam AA, the center of the working surface of the working cam M, the direction of rotation of the cams is indicated by arcs with arrows. The main axis of the mechanism coincides with the Y axis.

The compensating surface of the auxiliary cam is that which is in contact with the surface of the bearing cage of the idle lever while the contact of the bearing cage of the operating lever with the working surface of the working cam is in contact. Its shape allows you to maintain a constant distance between points 10 and 010.

To increase the contact area between the surfaces of the cages of the bearings with the surfaces of the cams, the surfaces of the cages and cams are toothed, as in the prototype mechanism / RF patent No. 2253779 /.

The invention allows for the same parameters of pistons, cylinders, etc. get significantly more power from an engine with the claimed mechanism.

Claims (1)

A cam lever containing a shaft, levers and a working cam installed in the upper position, characterized in that it is equipped with an auxiliary cam installed in the lower position, the idle lever is fixed in the housing on an axis symmetrically to the mounting axis in the housing of the working lever relative to the main axis of the mechanism , the center of the bearing mounting axis in the cage is installed with the possibility of arrangement on the main axis of the mechanism at the moments of its upper and lower positions, at the ends of the levers on the axes a coupling rod with a spring is fixed with the possibility of contact of the surfaces of the bearing race with the surfaces of the cams, the shape of the idle surface of the working cam being formed by an arc, the axis of the working cam is rotated 35-45 ° against the direction of rotation of the main axis of the mechanism and the cam surface is from the farthest point from the axis of rotation to the intersection with the main axis mechanism before connecting to a non-working surface is formed by an arc, the auxiliary cam has a non-compensating surface formed by an arc, and a compensating surface with the possibility of bespechenii constant distance between the centers of the axes of the clamping levers in the fastening rod between the bearing cage movement of the operating lever from the upper position to the lower position and the bearing cage nonworking arm from the lower position to the upper position.

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