RU2306981C1 - Method for processing incineration residue wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology for processing solid wastes.

SUBSTANCE: incineration residue wastes or ash, forming during combustion of coal or other fuel, are mixed with water with production of diluted thin-dispersion suspension, to which hydrocarbon and protein containing reagents are injected in ratio respectively from 1:1 to 1:15. As hydrocarbon-component, oil processing wastes are used, and as protein-containing reagent, biomass of micro-organisms is used, in particular, biomass of active clay. Circuit for foam separation of diluted thin-dispersion suspension of ash includes performing primary flotation with air flow equaling 0,5-1,5 m³/m² minutes, and then flotation cleaning of resulting foam concentrate with air flow of 0,1-0,3 m³/m² minutes and control flotation of chamber product. Resulting concentrate contains 85-98% coal, which may be used in form of additional fuel supply. Chamber product after control flotation in form of remainders in used in production of cement and other binding materials.

EFFECT: increased waste separation level.

5 cl, 3 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of solid waste processing.

Known methods of processing and disposal of solid waste, including their burning and the use of slag and ash as fillers (see, for example, Palgunov PP, Sumarokov MV Utilization of industrial waste. - M .: Stroyizdat. 1990. S. 182-183). The areas of possible use of ash and slag are numerous. Lump slag is used as aggregate for concrete in road construction, for heat-insulating fillings; zolounos - as a hydraulic additive to cement as a component of a cement raw mix (basic ashes); as a siliceous component - in the production of autoclaved and autoclave-free aerated concrete, light dense and porous expanded clay concrete; for the production of artificial aggregates (agloporous and ash gravel, zolokeramsite); as a thin and burnable additive in the production of clay bricks; as a silica component in the production of silicate brick. Ash and slag mixtures are used in the production of local binders such as lime-ash, cement-ash.

A disadvantage of the known methods is the low content of components in the ash and slag.

A known method of alkaline treatment (opening) of coal ash and neutralizing the resulting melt with 18% HCl or opening brown ash by fusion with alkali and other reactions receive scandium purity of 99.6% (Complex use of raw materials and waste. / B.M. Ravich, V.P. Okladnikov, V.N. Ligach, et al. - M.: Chemistry, 1988. P.149-150).

A significant disadvantage of the proposed method is the high consumption of alkali and multi-stage processing of ash.

The closest solution to the present invention is a method for processing ash waste, including the processing of ash waste in the form of a diluted suspension by separation by flotation into foam and chamber products and their subsequent use as fuel and additives for cement, respectively (Application for the invention "Method for processing ash waste "No. 93008659/33, cl. 6 F23G 7/00, 1/00; claimed. 02/15/93; published in the bulletin" Applications of the Russian Federation for inventions ", 1993, No. 11, p. 57).

A significant disadvantage of this method is the incomplete separation of ash waste, leading to an increased content of unburned coal in the chamber product, namely the mineral part of this waste - ash. The subsequent utilization of the mineral part of the ash and the effect of this use is the higher, the lower the content of unburnt coal in it.

To eliminate this drawback, a method for processing ash waste in the form of a diluted finely dispersed suspension by flotation treatment is proposed, the distinctive feature of which is that for more complete separation into organic and mineral parts, flotation is carried out in a two-stage mode, and at the first stage, air consumption is 0.5 ... 1.5 m ³ / m ² min, and on the second - 0.1 ... 0.3 m ³ / m ² min, with the addition of a mixture of hydrocarbon and protein-containing reagents and at the same time as a protein-containing reaction They use products from the processing of biomass of microorganisms, and oil products are used as a hydrocarbon-containing reagent, with the ratio of added hydrocarbon-containing and protein-containing reagents being from 1: 1 to 1:15, respectively, and that the biomass of excess activated sludge from biological treatment plants is used as the biomass of microorganisms.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows. The ash waste or ash generated after burning coal or other fuel is mixed with water to obtain a dilute fine suspension into which hydrocarbon and protein-containing reagents are introduced in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1:15, respectively, and waste is used as a carbon-containing reagent oil refining, and as a protein-containing reagent, the biomass of microorganisms, in particular the biomass of activated sludge.

The sequence of introduction of the reagents, the time interval between the moments of introduction of the reagents and the dose of reagents are essential for the subsequent separation of the diluted fine suspension by flotation. The technological scheme of flotation separation of a diluted fine suspension of ash includes the main flotation and then flotation purification of the resulting foam concentrate and control flotation of the chamber product. The resulting concentrate contains 95-98% coal, which can be used as an additional fuel source.

A chamber product after control flotation in the form of tailings with an unburned coal content of not more than 10% is used in the production of cement and other binders, and the quality of the waste improves with a decrease in the content of unburned coal.

The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated, but not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

The effectiveness of the proposed method for processing ash waste was determined on ash samples from the ash dump of Mosenergo TPP No. 12. Samples of ash were mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1: 4, respectively. Then, hydrocarbon and protein-containing reagents were introduced into the resulting suspension in a ratio of 1:10. As carbon-containing Kerosene with a dose of 1.5 mg / L was used as a reagent, and biomass of activated sludge with a dose of 1.5 g / L was used as a protein-containing reagent. Addition of activated sludge biomass to the ash suspension was carried out 5 minutes after injection. The diluted suspension of ash was then separated by flotation in a 2-stage mode using a 2-chamber flotation mechanical machine and the air consumption in the 1st stage (in the first chamber) was 1 m ³ / m ² min, and in the second 0.2 m ³ / m ² minutes As a result of flotation separation, the coal content in the concentrate (foam product) was 98.8%, and in the chamber product - 1.2% of the initial coal content in the ash.

Example 2

Ash processing was carried out at the ash plant of Mosenergo TPP No. 12, as in Example 1, except that the air flow rate at the first stage of flotation is 1 m ³ / m ² min and at the second 0.1 m ³ / m ² min. The ratio of hydrocarbon-containing and protein-containing reagents is 1: 1.

After flotation separation, the coal content in the concentrate (foam product) was 96.2%, and in the chamber product - 3.8% of the initial content in the ash.

Example 3

The processing of ash from the ash dump of TPP No. 12 of Mosenergo OJSC was carried out, as in Example 1, except that the air flow rate at the first stage was 1.5 m ³ / m ² min and at the second 0.3 m ³ / m ² min. The ratio of hydrocarbon-containing and protein-containing reagents was 1:15, respectively.

After flotation separation, the coal content in the concentrate (foam product) was 97.1%, and in the chamber product - 2.9% of the initial content in ash.

Using the known method (prototype) for processing ash, the content of unburned coal after flotation in the concentrate (foam product) was 84.7%, and in the chamber product 15.3% of the initial coal content in the ash.

Thus, the use of the proposed method allows to reduce the content of unburned coal in the chamber product by about 4-12 times, which improves the quality of this product used as a component for cement production, as well as for other technical purposes, in particular in road construction, etc. .P.

Claims (5)

1. The method of processing ash waste in the form of a diluted fine suspension by flotation treatment, characterized in that for a more complete separation of the organic and mineral parts, flotation is carried out in a two-stage mode, and in the first stage, the air flow rate is 0.5-1.5 m ³ / (m ² min), and on the second - 0.1-0.3 m ³ / (m ² · min) with the addition of a mixture of hydrocarbon-containing and protein-containing reagents. 2. The method of processing ash waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the products of the biomass of microorganisms are used as a protein-containing reagent. 3. The method for processing ash waste according to claim 1, characterized in that oil products are used as a hydrocarbon-containing reagent. 4. The method for processing ash waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the added hydrocarbon-containing and protein-containing reagents is from 1: 1 to 1:15, respectively. 5. The method for processing ash waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biomass of excess activated sludge from biological treatment plants is used as the biomass of microorganisms.