RU2306108C1 - Method for tracheal intubation in rabbits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: a rabbit should be put to its back by keeping its head free. Then it is necessary to introduce two binders onto inferior and superior incisors, open the mouth maximally, rabbit's head should be maximally lowered to form a blunt angle being equal to 102-103° between vertebral column and the head. The tongue should be pulled aside with the help of a tongue-holder to lift an epiglottis together with skin for about 1-2 mm and insert intubational tube and then, near the larynx it is necessary to turn to the right for 90°. The innovation is atraumatic, it simplifies and accelerates the procedure of intubation and requires no preliminary narcosis for the rabbit under intubation.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of intubation.

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to physiology.

Anesthesia of experimental animals (rabbits) is accompanied by great methodological difficulties due to the anatomical features of this species of animals. Until now, the literature does not describe a method for rapid, atraumatic intubation of the trachea in rabbits. In this regard, the method of tracheal intubation in rabbits without prior anesthesia and trauma to the larynx and trachea, which provides oxygen-fluorotan anesthesia, which makes it possible to perform complex long-term surgical interventions in these animals, is of particular relevance.

An analog of the claimed method, the authors propose a method for intubation of the trachea in a rat according to A.Kh. Kogan // "Guide to experimental surgery." - M.: Medicine, 1989 .-- 272 p. - S.A. Shalimov, A.P. Radzikhovsky, L.V. Keisevich.

The animal is fixed with its stomach up to the operating table with a long metal rod on which the tooth holder is placed. The tooth holder, worn on the teeth, is installed in the outer position and fixed with a screw. A cotton wool moistened with ether is placed near the muzzle. After making sure that the anesthesia has reached sufficient depth, they begin to intubate the trachea. They take the tongue with anatomical tweezers, partially remove it from the oral cavity, apply the tongue holder, pull the tongue out as far as possible, press it to the bottom of the mouth cavity, fix the tongue holder using an arterial clamp to the skin of the abdomen. With a cotton swab, the pharynx is released from the mucus. Under visual control of the “frontal” magnifier, a laryngoscope is inserted into the oral cavity and pharynx with the left hand. Then, a polyethylene endotracheal tube fixed with the fingers of the right hand is inserted into the larynx, a laryngoscope is removed and the tube is found in the trachea using a fleece held up to the outer opening of the tube.

A definite drawback of the analogue is the obligatory preliminary anesthesia and the possibility of trauma to the larynx and trachea.

According to numerous studies, special difficulties arise with tracheal intubation in rabbits, since their tongue is very small, and its shape is such that it closes the larynx even with the deepest anesthesia. Due to the very great difficulty of intubation in rabbits, the only way to intubate this species of animal is through tracheostomy.

As a prototype, the authors propose a method for tracheal intubation in a rabbit through a tracheostomy (Yu.M. Lopukhin. Experimental surgery. - M.: Medicine, 1971. - 344 p.). In a pre-anesthetized animal fixed in the machine, an incision is made along the midline of the neck from the middle of the thyroid cartilage by 4-5 cm caudally. After cutting the skin with hooks, the sternum-hyoid muscles are opened and the trachea is secreted. A strong silk thread is brought under the trachea. Fixing trachea hooks or fingers, sectioned longitudinally 2-3 cartilage rings or trachea cut transversely to _^third diameter. A metal, glass or plastic tracheal cannula-tee is inserted into the incision, which is fixed by tying a silk ligature around the trachea.

A significant disadvantage of the prototype is the need for prior anesthesia, tracheal trauma and impaired airway integrity.

The authors propose a method for tracheal intubation in a rabbit with a rubber intubation tube No. 2, 5. For this rabbit, they are placed upside down on their backs, their heads are free. The assistant introduces two knits on the lower and upper incisors and opens his mouth as much as possible, and he lowers the rabbit's head as low as possible so that an obtuse angle of 102-103 ° is formed between the spine and head. The second assistant pulls the tongue sideways with the tongue holder, after which the anesthesiologist with his left hand lifts the epiglottis along with the skin by 1-2 mm, and with his right hand introduces the endotracheal tube and, reaching the stop with the larynx, makes a 90 ° right turn. In this case, a characteristic sound of the passage of the endotracheal tube into the trachea occurs. The endotracheal tube freely enters the trachea, as evidenced by the fluctuation of the fleece at its outer edge.

This method of intubation of the trachea in a rabbit is atraumatic, facilitates and accelerates intubation, does not require prior anesthesia of the animal, for which soft immobilization is sufficient.

Claims (1)

A method for intubation of a trachea in a rabbit, including fixing the animal, characterized in that the rabbit is laid on its back, the head is left free, two knits are inserted on the lower and upper incisors, the mouth is opened as much as possible, the head is lowered to form an obtuse angle of 102 between the spine and head -103 °, pull the tongue sideways with the tongue holder, raise the epiglottis along with the skin by 1-2 mm, insert the endotracheal tube and, reaching the stop with the larynx, make a 90 ° turn to the right.